World's smallest 殴打／砲列 has been designed to 力／強力にする a computer the size of a 穀物 of dust, that could be used as discrete sensors, or to 力／強力にする miniaturised 医療の implants

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The world's smallest 殴打／砲列 has been designed to 力／強力にする a computer the size of a 穀物 of dust, that could be used as discrete sensors, or for 医療の implants.?

A team led by Chemnitz University of 科学（工学）技術 in Germany?say these microscopic 殴打／砲列s are needed to 力／強力にする the 現在進行中の miniaturisation of electronics.??

Smart dust 装置s, 含むing biocompatible sensor systems in the 団体／死体, 要求する computers to 扱う data at sizes smaller than a 穀物 of dust, but while the 装置s are getting smaller, 力／強力にするing them has 証明するd to be problematic.

The 現在の 世代 of microbatteries 伴う／関わる stacking films on a 半導体素子, but there is a 限界 to how small they can become before energy 貯蔵 levels are too low.

To solve this problem, the German team created a system that 伴う／関わるd winding up （土地などの）細長い一片s of the same films used in 現在の microbatteries, that can be 解放（する）d and re-coiled to 生成する and 解放（する） enough 緊張 to 力／強力にする a tiny computer.

The new 殴打／砲列, which they say is not ready for market and can't put a price on, is rechargeable and can 力／強力にする a simple microcomputer for up to ten hours.

'Our results show encouraging energy 貯蔵 業績／成果 at the sub-square-ミリメートル 規模', says Dr. Minshen Zhu, 熟考する／考慮する lead author (left)

A team led by Chemnitz University of 科学（工学）技術 in Germany say these microscopic 殴打／砲列s are needed to 力／強力にする the 現在進行中の miniaturisation of electronics

The German team 始める，決める a goal of creating a rechargeable 殴打／砲列 that would 停止する to 100 microwatts of energy per square センチメートル, seen as the 権利 量 for most microscopic computer uses - 含むing 手段ing ambient 空気／公表する 気温.??

'Our results show encouraging energy 貯蔵 業績／成果 at the sub-square-ミリメートル 規模', says Dr. Minshen Zhu, 熟考する／考慮する lead author.

Co-author Professor Oliver Schmidt said: 'There is still a 抱擁する optimization 可能性のある for this 科学（工学）技術, and we can 推定する／予想する much stronger microbatteries in the 未来.'

There are a number of mechnisms that could be used for 力／強力にするing small computers, however, most of these won't work in all 条件s, and at microscopic 規模s.

For example, micro-thermoelectric 発生させる人（物）s, that 変える heat to electricity, are efficient, but have too low 力／強力にする 生産（高） for dust-sized 半導体素子s.

Mechanical vibrations are another source of energy for 力／強力にするing tiny-規模 装置s, as are small photovoltaic 独房s that 変える light into 電気の energy.

However, light and vibrations are not 利用できる at all times and in all places, making on 需要・要求する 操作／手術 impossible in many 環境s.?

This is also the 事例／患者, for example, in the human 団体／死体, where tiny sensors 要求する a continuous 力／強力にする 供給（する）. Powerful tiny 殴打／砲列s would solve this problem.?

The German team 始める，決める a goal of creating a rechargeable 殴打／砲列 that would 停止する to 100 microwatts of energy per square センチメートル, seen as the 権利 量 for most microscopic computer uses - 含むing 手段ing ambient 空気／公表する 気温

However, the 生産／産物 of tiny 殴打／砲列s is very different from their everyday 相当するものs - 含むing the 化学製品 過程s used in their construction.

For example, compact 殴打／砲列s with high energy 濃度／密度, button 独房s for instance, are 製造（する）d using wet chemistry.?Electrode 構成要素s and additives are 過程d into a slurry and coated の上に a metal 失敗させる／負かす.?

On-半導体素子 microbatteries produced using such 基準 科学（工学）技術s can 配達する good energy and 力／強力にする 濃度／密度 but have a 足跡 of 意味ありげに more than one square ミリメートル.?So they're not viable, as the 力／強力にする 貯蔵 縮むs with size.

現在の 科学（工学）技術s used for on-半導体素子 殴打／砲列s 含む stacked thin films, electrode 中心存在s or interdigitated microelectrodes.?

However, these designs often を煩う inferior energy 貯蔵, and the 足跡 of these 殴打／砲列s cannot be 減ずるd 意味ありげに below one square ミリメートル.?

The goal of Prof Schmidt, Dr Zhu was to design a 殴打／砲列 意味ありげに いっそう少なく than one square ミリメートル across and integrable on a 半導体素子, which still has a 最小限 energy 濃度／密度 of 100 microwatt hours per square センチメートル.?

The 研究員s use the いわゆる 'スイスの-roll' or 'micro origami' 過程, 開拓するd by Tesla at the larger 規模 for its electric 乗り物s.

A 層d system with inherent 緊張 is created by consecutively 塗装 thin 層s of polymeric, metallic and dielectric 構成要素s の上に a wafer surface.?

The 現在の 世代 of microbatteries 伴う／関わる stacking films on a 半導体素子, but there is a 限界 to how small they can become before energy 貯蔵 levels are too low

To solve this problem, the German team created a system that 伴う／関わるd winding up （土地などの）細長い一片s of the same films used in 現在の microbatteries, that can be 解放（する）d and re-coiled to 生成する and 解放（する） enough 緊張 to 力／強力にする a tiny computer

The mechanical 緊張 is 解放（する）d by peeling off the thin 層s which then automatically snap 支援する to roll up into a スイスの-Roll architecture.?

No 外部の 軍隊s are needed to create such a self-負傷させる cylinder micro-殴打／砲列.?

The method is 両立できる with 設立するd 半導体素子 製造業の 科学（工学）技術s and 有能な of producing high throughput micro-殴打／砲列s on a wafer surface.

Using this method, the 研究 team has produced rechargeable microbatteries that could 力／強力にする the world's smallest computer 半導体素子s for about ten hours - for example, to 手段 the 地元の ambient 気温 continuously.?

These could also be used for 未来 micro- and nano-electric sensors, for example as miniaturized 医療の implants, microrobotic systems and ultra-柔軟な electronics.??

The findings have been published in the 定期刊行物 前進するd Energy 構成要素s.?