How the 巨大（な） 穴を開ける on the sun could wreak havoc on Earth on FRIDAY: 1.8 MILLION mph solar 勝利，勝つd could knock out 力／強力にする grids, 混乱に陥れる／中断させる GPS signals and see the skies light up with Northern Lights

• e-mail

にもかかわらず 存在 93 million miles away, a 穴を開ける on the sun's surface could wreak havoc on Earth later this week.?

航空宇宙局's Solar Dynamics 観測所 has 解放（する）d a photo showing a triangular-形態／調整d dark gap in the sun's surface that's?20 times larger than Earth.?

This enormous 穴を開ける, known as a coronal 穴を開ける, has 抑えるのをやめるd 1.8-million-mile-per-hour solar 勝利，勝つd toward our 惑星, which will 衝撃 us on Friday.?

Coronal 穴を開けるs ? a ありふれた occurrence on the sun ? are areas of open 磁石の field from which high 速度(を上げる） solar 勝利，勝つd 急ぐs out into space.?

Although 原因（となる）ing beautiful natural light 陳列する，発揮するs called auroras in the sky,?solar 勝利，勝つd can also 混乱に陥れる／中断させる 衛星s in space, 力／強力にする grids and GPS 航海 systems.

The second 穴を開ける is 20 times larger than the Earth. It is 抑えるのをやめるing solar 勝利，勝つd at 1.8 million miles per hour, which are 始める，決める to reach our 惑星 on Friday

Although 原因（となる）ing beautiful natural light 陳列する，発揮するs called auroras in the sky, solar 勝利，勝つd can also 混乱に陥れる／中断させる 衛星s in space, 力／強力にする grids and GPS 航海 systems

The new coronal 穴を開ける follows an even bigger one ? around 30 times the size of Earth ? that was spotted on March 23, which?解放（する）d solar 勝利，勝つd that 誘発する／引き起こすd 素晴らしい auroras as far south as Arizona.

'The gaseous 構成要素 is flowing from a 比較して small 穴を開ける in the sun's atmosphere, now 直面するing our 惑星,' said SpaceWeather.com.?

'北極の auroras are likely when the solar 勝利，勝つd arrives.'?

Here's what you need to know about the new solar 穴を開ける and its 可能性のある 影響s on Earth.??

WHAT ARE CORONAL HOLES?

Coronal 穴を開けるs are 地域s of open 磁石の fields that appear as dark areas in the corona ? the?outermost part of the sun's atmosphere.?

They?appear dark on 光学の and X-ray images and are characterised by lower 気温s and 濃度／密度 than the surrounding parts of the?corona.?

Some coronal 穴を開けるs are so big that they （問題を）取り上げる だいたい one ４半期/4分の1 of the sun's surface.?

Coronal 穴を開けるs were first spotted by 航空宇宙局's Skylab in the 早期に 1970s, but scientists still aren't 完全に sure what 原因（となる）s them to form.

They may appear at any time of the solar cycle ? the cycle that the sun's 磁石の field goes through about every 11 years ? but they are most ありふれた during the 拒絶する／低下するing 段階 of the cycle.?

The 現在の solar cycle, numbered 25, started in 2019 and is 推定する／予想するd to continue until about 2030.?

Pictured, solar 穴を開ける spotted on March 23, which is bigger than the newly-discovered solar 穴を開ける

WHY ARE CORONAL HOLES A CONCERN??

Solar 穴を開ける is 抑えるのをやめるing 1.8 million mph solar 勝利，勝つd toward Earth - READ MORE

The gaping 'coronal 穴を開ける' is 抑えるのをやめるing 1.8-million-mile-per-hour solar 勝利，勝つd toward our 惑星, which will 衝撃 us on Friday

宣伝

The sun is continually 解放（する）ing hot gases from its surface, a 安定した stream of 粒子s ? mostly 陽子s and 電子s ? known as the solar 勝利，勝つd.

As the sun 回転／交替s, it 勝利，勝つd up its 磁石の field lines above its polar 地域s into a large 回転／交替ing spiral, creating this constant 勝利，勝つd stream.

The solar 勝利，勝つd flows out from the sun 特に 堅固に through coronal 穴を開けるs, because they 増加する the outflow of 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d 粒子s from the sun.?

Ordinarily, 磁石の field lines at the sun's surface form coronal 宙返り飛行s ? glowing, curving 立ち往生させるs of plasma ? that keep gases 含む／封じ込めるd.?

However, at coronal 穴を開けるs, these 磁石の field lines don't の近くに 支援する on themselves, but instead stick straight out into space.?

This leaves an open channel, out of which the solar 勝利，勝つd can 爆破 unobstructed.?

A solar 勝利，勝つd usually leaves the sun at 速度(を上げる）s of around 900,000 miles per hour, but solar 勝利，勝つd leaving through the centre of a coronal 穴を開ける travels much faster, up to 1.8 million miles per hour.?

In the parts of the corona where the 粒子s leave the sun, the glow is much dimmer and the coronal 穴を開ける looks dark in 紫外 images.?

Ordinarily, 磁石の field lines at the sun's surface form の近くにd 宙返り飛行s (pictured) that keep gases 含む／封じ込めるd.?However, at coronal 穴を開けるs, these 磁石の field lines don't の近くに 支援する on themselves, but instead stick straight out into space

HOW IS EARTH AFFECTED??

When these solar 勝利，勝つd 粒子s reach Earth ? which takes two to four days, depending on their 速度(を上げる） ? 'geomagnetic 嵐／襲撃するs' can be the result.?

A geomagnetic 嵐／襲撃する is a 一時的な 騒動 of the Earth's magnetosphere 原因（となる）d by solar 勝利，勝つd.

The?magnetosphere is 簡単に the area around Earth controlled by our 惑星's 磁石の field ? and it is like the Earth's 'gatekeeper' as it 保護物，者s us from harmful energy from space.?

But it's not a perfect defence; when the solar 勝利，勝つd 攻撃する，衝突するs the magnetosphere, waves of energy are transferred along the 境界 between the two.?

'Earth's 磁石の field does 保護物，者 us from the solar 勝利，勝つd, and the solar 勝利，勝つd 構成要素 never makes it 負かす／撃墜する to the ground itself,' Professor Mathew Owens at University of Reading's Department of Meteorology told MailOnline.

'But the solar 勝利，勝つd can squash and deform the Earth's 磁石の field, and this can have a number of 影響s.??

'Whenever a 磁石の field changes, that 運動s electric 現在の that flow up in the upper atmosphere.'??

Geomagnetic 嵐／襲撃するs can 侵入する our atmosphere, 脅すing 宇宙船 and 宇宙飛行士s, 混乱に陥れる／中断させるing 航海 systems and wreaking havoc on 力／強力にする grids.?

損失 to 衛星s is mostly 原因（となる）d by energetic 粒子s that 修正する or even destroy electronic elements onboard the 衛星s, によれば?Dr Daniel Verscharen at University College London's department of space and 気候 physics.

Solar 勝利，勝つd can 誘発する／引き起こす?auroras - beautiful natural light 陳列する，発揮するs - 明白な in 場所s around the north and south 政治家s in the night's sky

'The 継続している input of energy from a 急速な／放蕩な solar 勝利，勝つd stream into the magnetosphere, which may come from this coronal 穴を開ける, can lead to an enhancement in the Earth's 放射（能） belts,'?he told MailOnline.?

素晴らしい 発射s 逮捕（する） the aurora over the UK - READ MORE?

Pictured is the Northern Lights on the Scottish coast 近づく Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire, last week

宣伝

'This means that 衛星s that 軌道 through the 放射（能） belts can be 影響する／感情d by the energetic 粒子s in the 高めるd 放射（能） belts.?

'These energetic 粒子s can flip bits in electronic elements and 潜在的に 損失 半分-conductor parts in the 衛星s' electronics.'?

騒動s to the?magnetosphere can also 誘発する／引き起こす an aurora ? the natural light show typically seen at 場所s の近くに to the 政治家s.?

When a solar 嵐／襲撃する comes toward us, some of the energy and small 粒子s can travel 負かす／撃墜する the 磁石の field lines at the north and south 政治家s into Earth's atmosphere.?

There, the 粒子s interact with gases in our atmosphere resulting in beautiful 陳列する，発揮するs of light in the sky.?

HOW WILL THIS NEW SOLAR HOLE AFFECT US?

Dr Verscharen thinks a 急速な／放蕩な solar 勝利，勝つd alone ? the type emitted by the new coronal 穴を開ける ? will not be enough to 原因（となる） a major?geomagnetic 嵐／襲撃する.?

For that to happen, there would need to be a strong cloud of plasma to interact with the Earth, which usually comes from coronal 集まり ejections (CMEs).?

CMEs are 大規模な 追放s of plasma from the sun's corona (its outermost 層) and are 堅固に linked with the 創造 of auroras.?

A solar or geomagnetic 嵐／襲撃する is a major 騒動 of Earth's magnetosphere - the area around Earth controlled by the 惑星's 磁石の field - often 原因（となる）d by CMEs. Pictured, a coronal 集まり ejection (CME) from the sun, as 逮捕（する）d by 航空宇宙局's Solar Dynamics 観測所 衛星 on?June 17, 2015

'I wouldn't 推定する／予想する a major geomagnetic 嵐／襲撃する from this coronal 穴を開ける,' Dr Verscharen told MailOnline. 'A coronal 穴を開ける usually doesn't 開始する，打ち上げる a coronal 集まり ejection.'?

Owens also thinks there won't be too much 損失, although there could be a problem for GPS systems at the 週末.??

'急速な／放蕩な solar 勝利，勝つd streams, which come from coronal 穴を開けるs, do 運動 穏健な space 天候,' Owens told MailOnline.

'But the very biggest 嵐／襲撃するs come from coronal 集まり ejections ? 抱擁する 爆発s of solar 構成要素 ? and I don't think Earth is in the 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing line for one of those over the next few days.'?

In 1859, a 大規模な geomagnetic 最高の-嵐／襲撃する known as the Carrington event sent powerful CMEs toward Earth, 混乱に陥れる／中断させるing communications on the ground.?

If such an event were to happen in today's world, the 影響s would be 壊滅的な on our communications systems.?

によれば astrophysicists, the 見込み of solar 嵐／襲撃する 有能な of 原因（となる）ing 壊滅的な disruption occurring in the next 10 years is between 1.6?12 per cent.?

SOLAR STORMS PRESENT A CLEAR DANGER TO ASTRONAUTS AND CAN DAMAGE SATELLITES

Solar 嵐／襲撃するs, or solar activity, can be divided into four main 構成要素s that can have 衝撃s on Earth:??

• Solar ゆらめくs: A large 爆発 in the sun's atmosphere. These ゆらめくs are made of photons that travel out 直接／まっすぐに from the ゆらめく 場所／位置. Solar ゆらめくs 衝撃 Earth only when they occur on the 味方する of the sun 直面するing Earth.??
• Coronal 集まり Ejections (CME's): Large clouds of plasma and 磁石の field that 爆発する from the sun. These clouds can 爆発する in any direction, and then continue on in that direction, 骨折って進むing through solar 勝利，勝つd. These clouds only 原因（となる） 衝撃s to Earth when they're 目的（とする）d at Earth.?
• High-速度(を上げる） solar 勝利，勝つd streams: These come from coronal 穴を開けるs on the sun, which form anywhere on the sun and usually only when they are closer to the solar 赤道 do the 勝利，勝つd 衝撃 Earth.?
• Solar energetic 粒子s: High-energy 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d 粒子s thought to be 解放（する）d まず第一に／本来 by shocks formed at the 前線 of coronal 集まり ejections and solar ゆらめくs. When a CME cloud 骨折って進むs through solar 勝利，勝つd, solar energetic 粒子s can be produced and because they are 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d, they follow the 磁石の field lines between the Sun and Earth. Only 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d 粒子s that follow 磁石の field lines that intersect Earth will have an 衝撃.?

While these may seem dangerous, 宇宙飛行士s are not in 即座の danger of these phenomena because of the 比較して low 軌道 of 乗組員を乗せた 使節団s.

However, they do have to be 関心d about cumulative （危険などに）さらす during space walks.

This photo shows the sun's coronal 穴を開けるs in an x-ray image. The outer solar atmosphere, the corona, is structured by strong 磁石の fields, which when の近くにd can 原因（となる） the atmosphere to suddenly and violently 解放（する） 泡s or tongues of gas and 磁石の fields called coronal 集まり ejections

The 損失 原因（となる）d by solar 嵐／襲撃するs?

Solar ゆらめくs can 損失 衛星s and have an enormous 財政上の cost.

The 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d 粒子s can also 脅す 航空機によるs by 乱すing Earth's 磁石の field.

Very large ゆらめくs can even create 現在のs within electricity grids and knock out energy 供給（する）s.

When Coronal 集まり Ejections strike Earth they 原因（となる） geomagnetic 嵐／襲撃するs and 高めるd aurora.

They can 混乱に陥れる／中断させる 無線で通信する waves, GPS 調整するs and overload 電気の systems.

A large influx of energy could flow into high voltage 力／強力にする grids and 永久的に 損失 transformers.

This could shut off 商売／仕事s and homes around the world.?

Source: 航空宇宙局 - Solar 嵐／襲撃する and Space 天候?

宣伝