The truth about the 肝臓 King: 最高の，を越す dietitians analyse his diet of raw testicles and find there COULD be 利益s (but some of his 栄養 tips are just as bad as ultra-過程d food)

He is one of the world’s biggest diet influencers, famous for 支持するing a diet of raw meat and offal. Over the past few years Brian Johnson ? better known as the 肝臓 King ? has amassed a 連合させるd nine million 信奉者s on Instagram, TikTok and YouTube with his often stomach-churning ビデオs.

In one clip, extraordinarily muscular Johnson, 47, is seen topless while 涙／ほころびing into uncooked animal testicles ? which he says he washes 負かす／撃墜する with scotch whiskey ? for breakfast. In others, he eats alligator tail, raw bull 肺s and a foetal duck egg (含むing its feathers, bone and beak). The idea is that by に引き続いて his ‘primal’ way of living, you too could 達成する his 注目する，もくろむ-popping physique.

However, all may not be やめる as it seems. In December 2022 Johnson 認める in a six-minute YouTube clip to taking anabolic steroids to 本体，大部分／ばら積みの up, にもかかわらず having 以前（人命などを）奪う，主張するd that his 団体／死体 was ‘all natural’ and the result of に引き続いて a caveman lifestyle.

Brian Johnson ? better known as the 肝臓 King ? has amassed a 連合させるd nine million 信奉者s on Instagram, TikTok and YouTube with his often stomach-churning ビデオs

Yet, far from 存在 a 落ちる from grace, the admission has barely made a dent in his empire. The former 製薬の rep now lives in an 8,300-square foot mansion on a ranch in Texas with his wife, a retired dentist, and their two sons.

His branded 肝臓 King protein 砕くs, 補足（する）s and 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業s often appear in his ビデオs and his 概算の逮捕する価値（がある） is ￡250million (US $310million).

But how do his （人命などを）奪う，主張するs about diet stack up? We spoke to Britain’s 最高の，を越す専門家s to find out, and discovered that に引き続いて the 肝臓 King’s advice could have some 極端に unpleasant consequences.

EATING LIVER EVERY DAY IS CRUCIAL

Johnson’s catchphrase, and where his moniker comes from, is ‘肝臓 is king’.

He （人命などを）奪う，主張するs to eat it, raw, for breakfast lunch and dinner. によれば the meal 計画（する） on his website, he 消費するs more than a 続けざまに猛撃する of 肝臓 a day と一緒に a protein shake and other raw or cooked meat.

He says it 供給するs ‘決定的な nourishment 行方不明の in modernity, like real bioavailable ビタミン A’.

肝臓 is, indeed, a very rich source of ビタミン A, which is 必須の for 持続するing the 団体／死体’s 見通し, 独房分割, reproduction and 免疫の system, supporting 肌 health and 独房 growth.

But if you eat too much 肝臓, it can lead to ビタミン A 有毒性, says Gunter Kuhnle, Professor of 栄養 and Food Science at Univer sity of Reading.

This is because, unlike other ビタミンs, the 団体／死体蓄える／店s ビタミン A in the 肝臓.

‘If you ate too much ビタミン C, your 団体／死体 would just excrete it in your urine,’ says Clare Thornton 支持を得ようと努めるd, a 登録（する）d dietician and spokesperson for the 協会 of UK Dieticians. ‘But if you eat large 量s of 肝臓, it could 現実に be 潜在的に dangerous.’

Brian Johnson with his girlfriend the '肝臓 Queen'

The recommended intake of ビタミン A for adults is 600 to 700 micrograms (mcg) per day and Professor Kuhnle says a 選び出す／独身 ounce of beef 肝臓含む／封じ込めるs over 2,100mcg.

熟考する／考慮するs have shown that ビタミン A 有毒性 can occur if you 消費する over 8,000mcg a day for a 支えるd period, which is only about four ounces of 肝臓.

‘Don’t do it would be my advice,’ says Prof Kuhnle.

Symptoms of ビタミン A 有毒性含む乾燥した，日照りの, 割れ目d 肌, hair loss, brittle nails, 疲労，（軍の）雑役, loss of appetite and bone and 共同の苦痛, and it can 影響する／感情 your bone health, 主要な to osteoporosis and hip fractures. ‘There is no known 利益 to 消費するing 広大な量s of ビタミン A, and a lot of known 危険s,’ 追加するs Prof Kuhnle.

The 肝臓 King website 明言する／公表するs that 肝臓 is a good source of other nutrients too, such as ビタミン B12, folate and アイロンをかける.

‘I don’t 同意しない that 肝臓 is a source of many nutrients,’ says Ms Thornton-支持を得ようと努めるd. ‘But you only need small 量s of those nutrients every day and eating 肝臓 every day in large 量s is still dangerous.’

CAVEMEN ATE MEAT RAW, AND SO SHOULD WE

Johnson is 特に fond of eating raw 組織／臓器s and testicles, and recommends everyone 会社にする／組み込む肝臓, heart, 血, bone 骨髄 and bone broth into their diet

The 肝臓 King 定期的に eats raw meat and 消費するs raw eggs. ‘We 発展させるd 早期に on with raw animal foods,’ he says in one ビデオ. ‘Brain and bone 骨髄 was probably our first food and it was all raw.’

He thinks that, since 古代の humans used to eat both cooked and raw food, modern humans should, too.

Johnson is 特に fond of eating raw 組織／臓器s and testicles, and recommends everyone 会社にする／組み込む肝臓, heart, 血, bone 骨髄, heart and bone broth into their diet. ‘No dinner is ever 完全にする without raw 肝臓, raw testicle and raw bone 骨髄,’ he said in a TikTok ビデオ where he sits at a （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する surrounded by raw testicles. He once bit off the 長，率いる of a wriggling fish he had just grabbed from the sea, on camera.

Stanley Ulijaszek, Emeritus Professor of Human 生態学 at the University of Oxford, says The 肝臓 King is 権利 about the origins of our diet.

While the 大多数 of 大主教種類 lived off a diet おもに consisting of fruit, 早期に humans 発展させるd to 消費する meat which was eaten raw.

Modern-day humans can also digest uncooked animal flesh ? as anyone who has enjoyed steak tartar or sushi will know.

However, 専門家s say that some meats are more likely to 含む／封じ込める dangerous bacteria ? for instance, pork can 含む／封じ込める確かな parasites such a roundworm and tapeworm (although this isn’t thought to be an 問題／発行する in the UK there have been 事例／患者s of 感染s from undercooked pork in other countries) and chicken may harbour campylobacter. Heat （判決などを）下すs these pathogens 害のない.

‘When you cook food, you kill bugs like E. coli which can 原因（となる）感染s like salmonella an d campylobacter,’ says Dr Duane Mellor of the Aston 医療の School for 栄養 and 証拠 Based 薬／医学. Such 感染s can 原因（となる） diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, cramps and even 一時的な paralysis.

There is also a small 危険 of 契約ing tapeworm 感染s from eating raw beef or pork.

Dr Mellor thinks there is a good 推論する／理由 humans prefer cooked food: ‘Cooking has 延長するd human life 見込み. We get より小数の汚い病気s now.’

In one TikTok ビデオ, the 肝臓 King 選ぶs meat off the 長，率いる of a cow, without appearing to notice it has a 飛行機で行くはうing over it. ‘With raw meat, there’s always this 危険 that it’s 汚染するd with bacteria,’ says Professor Kuhnle.

EAT TESTICLES... NOT VEGETABLES

In December 2022 Johnson 認める in a six-minute YouTube clip to taking anabolic steroids to 本体，大部分／ばら積みの up, にもかかわらず having 以前（人命などを）奪う，主張するd that his 団体／死体 was ‘all natural’ and the result of に引き続いて a caveman lifestyle

‘Do we need vegetables? Hell no,’ says the 肝臓 King in a 最近のビデオ interview. ‘Why eat vegetables when you can eat testicles?’

He 追加するs: ‘Anything that you’re trying to get from a vegetable you can get from nose to tail nourishment.’

Red meat is known a good source of アイロンをかける and zinc, 同様に as ビタミン B12, and animal testicles are 一般的に eaten in many parts of the world: in India, goat testicles are often boiled in water with sesame, in Spain, bulls’ testicles are served covered in breadcrumbs, while in the UK lamb testicles were 歴史的に eaten fried in butter.

Dietician Ms Thornton-支持を得ようと努めるd, 同意しないs, however, that vegetables should be sacrificed in favour of testicles, because she s ays it is impossible that get all the necessary nutrients needed to stay healthy from meat alone.

‘Vegetables 含む／封じ込める a lot of things that we need such as ビタミンs and minerals but also fibre,’ she says.

‘These nutrients are 絶対必須の for gut health,’.

Many 熟考する／考慮するs have shown an 協会 between 増加するd dietary fibre intake and 減ずるd 危険 of cardiovascular 病気 and obesity.

Moreover, 研究 show that eating a high protein diet, stripped of any vegetables, can 損失 the 腎臓s.

One Chinese 熟考する／考慮する, published in 2020, 設立する that, long-称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語, a high-protein diet 増加するs the chance of chronic 腎臓病気 ? which can 結局 lead to total 腎臓失敗 and death.

‘Your 団体／死体 can only metabolise a 確かな量 of protein in one sitting’, says Ms Thornton-支持を得ようと努めるd,

‘Your 腎臓s can’t 過程 it quickly enough.’

In one popular ビデオ, the 肝臓 King discovers a plate of salad on his （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する, throws it の上に the 床に打ち倒す and upends the entire （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する in disgust.

This approach to vegetables appears to be in direct 衝突 with his suggestion that we should eat the diet of our ancestors. Professor Kuhnle points out that 古代の humans did not always have 接近 to meat and would often have eaten root vegetables and berries. ‘追跡（する）ing big animals was not 平易な without a gun.’

Meat was also by no means the only source of proteins 早期に humans had.

証拠 of fishing and seafood 消費 has been 設立する in archaeological 場所／位置s all over the world.

Moreover, most 大主教種類 closely 関係のある to humans 定期的に eat 工場／植物s and insects.

‘It’s not as straightforward as: hu mans were just carnivores,’ says Professor Kuhnle.

‘That’s just not true. People ate a much wider diet.’

YOU NEED TO UP YOUR CHOLESTEROL INTAKE

Professor Ulijaszek says the 肝臓 King is 権利 to 示唆する that eating a high-cholesterol diet doesn’t やむを得ず translate into having high cholesterol

‘Cholesterol-rich 組織／臓器s or （分泌する為の）腺s give us the 決定的な nourishment that we need,’ the 肝臓 King wrote on Instagram next to a ビデオ where he eats two steaks at once. ‘Our 早期に ancestors ate it... modern day 原始の culture tribes do... they don’t have chronic 病気. That 含むs heart 病気.’

Professor Ulijaszek says the 肝臓 King is 権利 to 示唆する that eating a high-cholesterol diet doesn’t やむを得ず translate into having high cholesterol. ‘It does for some people, it doesn’t for others. It’s not a straight one-to-one 関係.’

The 肝臓 King may be の中で the lucky people who, for genetic 推論する／理由s, doesn’t need to worry, he says. ‘But he’s 示唆するing levels of intake that would overload some people.’

Cholesterol is a fatty 実体s that is 決定的な for many bodily 機能（する）／行事s ? however the 団体／死体 makes it’s own, in the 肝臓. The same 過程 happens in animals.

This is the 推論する／理由 that 肝臓 is 自然に high in cholesterol. This is 罰金 to eat, によれば指導基準s, as part of a balanced diet. But we do not need to 消費する cholesterol to produce it.

一方／合間, a 最近の systematic review of large 規模熟考する／考慮するs by Oxford University linked eating red and 過程d meat to an 増加するd 危険 of heart 病気.

While it is true that many indigenous populatio ns living 伝統的な lifestyles have lower cholesterol than other people, ‘that is more about general lifestyle and their 全体にわたる dietary pattern,’ says Dr Mellor, pointing out that humans have very 変化させるd diets and levels of physical activity around the world.

As for our ancestors, ‘they only lived to about 30,’ he says. ‘So they didn’t really live to the 頂点（に達する） time for heart attacks. Other things killed people before they got to that age.’

EAT EGGS RAW TOO, INCLUDING THE SHELL

The 肝臓 King says he typically eats six to eight raw eggs after a workout, and often films himself eating the eggs whole, 含むing the 爆撃するs

The 肝臓 King says he typically eats six to eight raw eggs after a workout, and often films himself eating the eggs whole, 含むing the 爆撃するs.

Eggshell is mostly made of calcium 砕く and is used as a natural calcium 補足（する） to support bone health, often for dogs and cats. A 最近の熟考する／考慮する示唆するd that chicken eggshell 砕く has the 可能性のある to 減ずる the 危険 of osteoporosis in the 年輩の.

And we can digest egg 爆撃する, should we so wish. However, the 外部の surface of raw eggs may become 汚染するd with salmonella, either during the laying 過程 or through 汚染 with bird faeces. In the UK, the British Lion 示す on eggs means that they have been laid by 女／おっせかい屋s vaccinated against salmonella. This 減ずるs the 危険, but doesn’t 除去する it 完全に.

There are also 関心s that 消費するing raw eggs on a 正規の／正選手 basis over a long period of time can 原因（となる） biotin 欠陥／不足, which is characterised by alopecia, dermatitis, hear and 見通し problems and developmental 延期する in children.

This is because the antimicrobial protein avidin that is 現在の in raw eggs tightly 貯蔵所d biotin, also known as ビタミン B7, and 妨げるs it from 存在吸収するd by humans.

‘An egg white is trying to 持つ／拘留する on to its nutrients so it goes to the developing chicken,’ says Dr Mellor. Avidin 効果的に stops ビタミン B7 becoming 利用できる to the person eating it, he says. ‘But because avidin is a protein, it breaks 負かす／撃墜する when you cook it.’

Eating fresh food like eggs is a good idea, says Ms Thornton-支持を得ようと努めるd, but as part of a balanced diet. ‘A good diet should 含む vegetables, carbohydrates and protein ? a mix of everything.’

DITCH PROCESSED FOOD AND EAT NATURAL

The 肝臓 King 堅固に recommends dropping 過程d foods on his website: ‘溝へはまらせる／不時着する the 過程d 毒（薬）. Get on the 肝臓 train and 支配する life!'

The 肝臓 King 堅固に recommends dropping 過程d foods on his website: ‘溝へはまらせる／不時着する the 過程d 毒（薬）. Get on the 肝臓 train and 支配する life!’

Instead of fizzy drinks, in one ビデオ, he collects a cup of 血 streaming out of a dying animal ‘straight from the tap’ and drinks it.

In another, he creates a ‘nutrient dense protein shake’ by blending raw 肝臓, 腎臓, testicle, bone 骨髄, heart, fresh cream and almost half a 瓶／封じ込める of maple syrup.

Like the 肝臓 King, many dieticians are 関心d about diets that are very high in ultra-過程d foods (UPF) and low in unprocessed, fresh foods which 研究 links to a higher 危険 of 癌, type 2 糖尿病, heart 病気 and even poor mental health.

However the 肝臓 King’s diet doesn’t 含む vegetables or carbohydrates.

‘Our ances tors ate many different 肉親，親類d of diets,’ says Professor Ulijaszek. ‘To 選ぶ on a 特に high meat intake diet from one particular period in our evolutionary history is misrepresenting the past.

‘We have 発展させるd to eat a 多様制 of foods ? many different things ? and we should rejoice in that 可能性, while always remembering that some foods are healthier than others.’

LIVER KING PROTEIN BARS ‘DEFINITELY ULTRA-PROCESSED’

The 肝臓 King sells 肝臓 King branded protein 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業s and 砕くs, showcasing them in many of his ビデオs and making it （疑いを）晴らす that he uses ‘all 自然に sourced 成分s’ in his 製品s.

But Professor Kuhnle says these 製品s are ‘definitely ultra-過程d’.

支持するs of low-UPF diets typically categorise foods into four 部類s. 部類 one is fresh food 成分s, and 部類 two are cooking 成分s such as sugar, salt and vinegar, herbs and spices, that can be 連合させるd in recipes to make 部類 three foods, which are 過程d foods.

部類 four are ultra-過程d 成分s such as 抽出するs, preservatives and additives 含むd in some 製造（する）d foods to 延長する shelf-life, 高める flavour and 改善する texture.

Some of the 成分s in the 肝臓 King 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業s, such as stevia leaf 抽出する and steviol glycosides, 落ちる into the ultra-過程d 部類.

These are the 成分s that some have linked to 増加するd 危険 of chronic illness and even 癌, although there is at 現在の little solid 証拠 for this.

It’s just � �surprising’, says Prof Kuhnle, that the 肝臓 King says he’s against 過程d food and then sells UPF 製品s.

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Health

The truth about the 肝臓 King: 最高の，を越す dietitians analyse his diet of raw testicles and find there COULD be 利益s (but some of his 栄養 tips are just as bad as ultra-過程d food)

EATING LIVER EVERY DAY IS CRUCIAL

CAVEMEN ATE MEAT RAW, AND SO SHOULD WE

EAT TESTICLES... NOT VEGETABLES

YOU NEED TO UP YOUR CHOLESTEROL INTAKE

EAT EGGS RAW TOO, INCLUDING THE SHELL

DITCH PROCESSED FOOD AND EAT NATURAL

LIVER KING PROTEIN BARS ‘DEFINITELY ULTRA-PROCESSED’

The truth about the 肝臓 King: 最高の，を越す dietitians analyse his diet of raw testicles and find there COULD be 利益s (but some of his 栄養 tips are just as bad as ultra-過程d food)