The FIRE 投資するing movement 需要・要求するs big sacrifices to retire in your 40s - so could YOU do it? We 強調する／ストレス 実験（する） how eight of its 戦略s 停止する in real life

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The '財政上の Independence, Retire 早期に' movement 逮捕（する）s many people's imagination - but it 要求するs strict discipline

Scrimping your way through young adulthood to 達成する 早期に 財政上の freedom takes 抱擁する discipline.

The '財政上の Independence, Retire 早期に' movement 逮捕（する）s many people's imagination, but you may 井戸／弁護士席 baulk at some of the extreme 策略 of its ardent 信奉者s.

Its fans 目的（とする） to retire in their 40s by 上げるing their 収入s as much as possible, saving 70 per cent of their 地位，任命する 税金 income by living 簡単に, and building up their 貯金 by 投資するing.?

Of course, it's possible to follow just some of the FIRE 支配するs, or adapt the movement to your own lifestyle, and still 結局最後にはーなる wea lthier and more 独立した・無所属 at an earlier age than most.

There is no exhaustive 'how to' guide to FIRE success, but we have 調査するd some of the most ありふれた 戦略s and got money 専門家s to run the 支配する over them below.

We also wade into a couple of 論争s raised by FIRE. Can you - or should you - 追求する this life goal if you have children? And do you have to be rich or very 井戸／弁護士席-paid to even toy with this idea?

FIRE money 戦略s: Could YOU follow these 支配するs to reach 財政上の freedom?

1. Live with extreme frugality to 削減（する） your expenses to the bone

'Going without rarely 供給するs an individual with an enjoyable lifestyle,' says Ray 黒人／ボイコット, 借り切る／憲章d 財政上の planner and managing director of Money Minder.

'As much as I am a 会社／堅い 信奉者 in the phrase "life’s too short," I don’t believe that choosing to go without life 実行するing experiences in the first 20 years of adulthood is likely to be a good idea for the 大多数 of people.

'Making memories in your 20s and 30s whilst young and 動機づけるd to do so will help to 形態／調整 a long 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 見解（をとる） on the world.

'Living in "extreme frugality" is likely to 妨害する an individual’s ability to make some of those really important memories and could even lead to a lifelong habit of forever "putting things off" until later. 売春婦 wever, what if later never comes?'

Lisa Caplan, director of the OneStep 財政上の Planning arm of Charles Stanley, says: 'I think it's good to get people to look at what they are spending money on.

'To do this, people have to make a 貿易（する）-off between spending now and spending in the 未来. It sounds 厳しい but you have to tell people to forgo their daily latte for the 未来.'

But she believes many people would put 所有物／資産／財産 所有権 ahead of 退職 on their 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of ambitions.?

'People find it very hard to 焦点（を合わせる） on other 財政上の goals until they have bought a house,' she says.?

And Caplan 追加するs that life can send you 予期しない curve balls, 公式文書，認めるing: 'We just lived though a pandemic that made people question their life choices and what was important to them - it's not always money.'

2. Save 70% of your income

'Saving so 積極性 is likely to be too extreme an approach for many people but there are 面s of the FIRE movement that we can all 可決する・採択する,' says Jenny Holt, managing director for 顧客 貯金 and 投資s at 基準 Life.

'There’s also the question of how 現実主義の saving a 大多数 of your income is in the 現在の 環境, where 避けられない basic costs like food and 燃料 are on the 増加する.

'Those who follow a FIRE approach may also 行方不明になる out on the most efficient ways of saving. 年金s are only accessible from age 55, a 人物／姿／数字 that is 始める，決める to rise in the coming years, but they come with 税金 救済 on 出資／貢献s and, in the workplace, an 雇用者 出資／貢献.

'Those who need the money sooner are going to 行方不明になる out on these 追加するd 利益s which can make all the difference.'

黒人／ボイコット says if you have a high income and low day-to-day living expenses, saving 70 per cent of the money coming in may 井戸／弁護士席 be possible.

But he agrees with Holt that the most attractive and 税金-efficient 貯金 計画／陰謀s for 退職 are 年金s, which are ideal for building the 財政上の independence 要求するd to retire 早期に, 特に if you are a higher 率 税金 payer.

And like her, he 警告を与えるs: '一般に speaking, money can’t be drawn out of a 年金 計画（する） before age 55 and from 6 April 2028, this rises to age 57.

'This means that anyone wanting to retire earlier than these ages will need to look at complementary 貯金 選択s, like 投資 Isas, to 橋（渡しをする） the gap 税金 efficiently. その上に, the road to an 早期に 退職 could be very 制限する and much いっそう少なく enjoyable for someone 目的（とする）ing to save 70 per cent of their income each year.'

Caplan says: 'It's really hard for people to save with this degree of intensity. For most people, I don't think this is possible. Think about rent, mortgage, 税金, food - I think for most this is a 麻薬を吸う dream.'

3. Work out cost of things you buy ーに関して／ーの点でs of 'working hours'?

?Most people have some 手段 they use to decide if a 非，不，無-necessity is 価値（がある） buying, and using working hours is just one of them.

Another way is to divide how often you are likely to use an item, wear a piece of 着せる／賦与するing or take advantage of a service into its cost.

Lisa Caplan: 'We just lived though a pandemic that made people question their life choices and what was important to them - it's not always money'

For example, going to the gym every day for a year 減ずるs the cost per visit and makes a 会員の地位 取引，協定 much more worthwhile than if you 結局最後にはーなる going once a fortnight.

But there are also qualitative considerations to 重さを計る up in a 決定／判定勝ち（する） like this, such as the health 利益s of going to the gym even if you only 結局最後にはーなる going once a week.

黒人／ボイコット says: 'From time to time, many of us will have probably worked out 概略で how long it took to earn the 量 of money that we needed to 支払う／賃金 for a large item like a car or a holiday.

'However, in my opinion, living life like that every day runs the 危険 of becoming so obsessed with money that it could make even Scrooge look 前向きに／確かに generous!'

He 示唆するs 簡単に asking yourself 'do I want it, or do I need it'?

'If you need it, working out how long it took to earn the money to 支払う／賃金 for it has no relevance, because you need it,' 黒人／ボイコット explains.?

'However, if you want it but don’t 現実に need it, you’ll know that the choice you have is more an emotional one. You may change your mind before you spend hard-earned cash on a 高級な that isn’t 要求するd, and may be better off put に向かって 貯金 instead.'

Caplan says it is useful to have some 手段 in mind when you make important spending 決定／判定勝ち（する）s, and she 本人自身で 作品 out how much of her 使い捨てできる income, after deducting 税金 and 直す／買収する，八百長をするd costs, a 購入（する） will use up.

Holt 公式文書，認めるs: 'Looking at how much little 高級なs 追加する up over time can be sobering and there are 道具s out there which will bring these 人物／姿／数字s to life. There’s nothing wrong with 扱う／治療するing yourself but 存在 mindful about your spending will 支払う／賃金 （株主への）配当s in the long run.'

4. Use credit cards for points and rewards, but always 支払う／賃金 off the 法案

'I やめる like this 戦略, as long as the individual is 連隊d enough to always 支払う／賃金 off the 優れた balance and has enough money 始める，決める aside to do so, even if the 給料 that they were 推定する／予想するing to come in don’t arrive as 推定する／予想するd.' says 黒人／ボイコット.

'As companies do their best to 安全な・保証する your 商売／仕事, there are some 広大な／多数の／重要な rewards 利用できる on many credit and 忠義 cards these days.

Ray 黒人／ボイコット:?Living in 'extreme frugality' is likely to 妨害する an individual's ability to make really important memories as a young adult

'However, it’s really important to read the small print and try not to 背負い込む any 利益／興味 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s on 優れた balances if this 選択 is to work 井戸／弁護士席.'

Caplan says she 追求するs this 戦略 herself, and 持つ／拘留するs credit cards for spending on different things, for example keeping one 簡単に for grocery shopping.

She 警告するs that it is 平易な to overspend and get into trouble, but if you can 避ける that and are good at 支払う／賃金ing off your credit card 法案s every month, doing this will also help with your credit 得点する／非難する／２０ over the longer 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語.

5. 増加する your 収入s as much as possible

'Having a 広大な／多数の／重要な work ethic and high 質 技術s in a chosen area that they are 熱烈な about is the way the 大多数 of self-made financially successful individuals 達成する their short and long 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 財政上の goals,' says 黒人／ボイコット.

'Taking on more work 経由で a second 職業, or setting up a 井戸／弁護士席-run 商売／仕事 as your main or a second income, is 高度に commendable and can definitely help some people to 達成する more income.'

But 黒人／ボイコット 追加するs that in his experience, successful, high 収入, hard-working individuals who enjoy their 職業s tend to have a 実行するing career, and some choose not to retire 早期に even though they have the 財政上の 安全 to do so.

6. Don't 増加する your spending as your income goes up

'A basic 前提 of FIRE is that you 支配（する）／統制する your costs,' says Holt. 'A good 支配する for the 普通の／平均（する） saver is to 確実にする that when your income does go up, you try and 確実にする your costs don’t follow.

Jenny Holt:?年金s are only accessible from age 55, but come with 税金 救済s which FIRE 信奉者s could lose out on

'いわゆる "lifestyle creep" can really eat into people’s ability to save, and automatically putting extra money aside before you get used to it could 確実にする you 攻撃する，衝突する your 貯金 的s sooner.'

黒人／ボイコット likes this 財政上の tip because it helps you to live within your means and get out of 負債 早期に.

But he says: 'It’s not 平易な to do because as income 増加するs, the choices of what to spend the 黒字／過剰 money on are wide and 変化させるd for all of us.

'If there is enough left over to put some extra money 味方する each month whilst also enjoying some rewards for the 昇進／宣伝 or change of career that lead to the 増加する that could 潜在的に be a good balance for many.'

Caplan also reckons this is a good idea when you get a 支払う／賃金 rise.

'You 港／避難所't got used to it and yet it's natural for your lifestyle to change because your income goes up. This is powerful. It can make a big difference. You just save so much more.'

7. 投資する 積極性 - which means taking bigger 危険s

'投資するing 積極性 is likely to lead to much more fluctuation in the value of your 投資s,' 警告するs 黒人／ボイコット.

'After all, bigger 危険s don’t always lead to higher returns, they can also lead to higher losses. A balanced approach to 投資するing is much more appropriate for the 大多数.'

He goes on: 'Behavioural 経済的なs would 示唆する that most people are twice as upset about the losses they 背負い込む as they are happy about the 伸び（る）s they make.

'In which 事例／患者, an 積極的な 投資家 would also need to be very comfortable with the 投資 決定／判定勝ち（する）s they make to 避ける 未来 強調する／ストレス and 失望 if things don’t go to 計画（する）.'

8. Retire in your 30s or 40s on ar ound 25 (or 33 if 保守的な) times your 年次の expenses - your FIRE number - then 身を引く 3-4% of your 貯金 each year

'People get a lot more from work than money - social 接触する, stimulation, 参加 in society,' says Caplan. 'I don't think that stopping work in itself is a good thing.'

She 追加するs that if you are not in work you won't be making 国家の 保険 出資／貢献s to a 明言する／公表する 年金, which at around £20,000 a year for a couple both on the 十分な 率 makes a 重要な 衝撃 to 退職 income. (You can make voluntary NI 出資／貢献s to keep building up your 明言する／公表する 年金 - find out how here.)

She also repeats Holt and 黒人／ボイコット's 警告s above that you will 潜在的に 行方不明になる out on 雇用者 出資／貢献s and 税金 救済 from the 政府 into your 年金, if you stop 支払う／賃金ing in and 選ぶ out of taking the 伝統的な 大勝する to 退職.

Caplan 追加するs that the 初めの FIRE goal of taking 4 per cent from your 投資s every year is based on an old US 熟考する／考慮する of 年金 撤退s in 退職.? She says she would question whether that is appropriate and still 適用するs today.

黒人／ボイコット says: 'This may be 承認する for those people who are 絶対 sure that they will have plenty of friends and family to spend time with in their 30s or 40s, or for example, those who have a 熱烈な 願望（する） to travel the world before they reach the age of 40.

'However, in reality, there are very few people that 達成する this goal and even if they do they are likely to be so successful that when they reach the time that they could do that, they realise that they are not やめる ready to give work up.'

He 追加するs: 'At age 25, age 40 seems a very long way away and 退職 at 40 can seem like a brilliant idea in your 中央の 20s.

'Even if that goal is 達成するd, the reality will be that to have done so will mean that the individual is either very frugal or very successful.

'Either could decide to 拒絶する／低下する the 適切な時期 because they had worked so hard to 達成する this goal, they would feel as though they 欠如（する）d 目的 and may even feel as though they would lose out on some of their 現在の social interactions if they retired at such an 早期に age.'

Regarding the FIRE number, 黒人／ボイコット says long-称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 cash flow 予測（する）ing and modelling up to age 99 is a better way of calculating what you might need, because it will take 税金, 率s of return and インフレーション into account.

But he 追加するs: 'To have a goal in place, even if it has been calculated in a very simple way, is a 広大な／多数の／重要な place to start.'

Can you follow FIRE if you have children?

There are moral 同様に as practical questions to consider here.

The 問題／発行する at 火刑／賭ける is not whether or not a FIRE 信奉者 should have children. It is whether, once you do have children, you should continue to 追求する a FIRE 戦略 regardless.

Your children are 扶養家族 on you and your 財政上の 決定／判定勝ち（する）s for their 福利事業 and 開発, and making those choices wisely is an important parental 責任／義務.

To keep 追求するing FIRE 戦略s like extreme frugality, you would need to be 用意が出来ている to 否定する your children both 構成要素 goods and experiences you could さもなければ afford for them, in 追跡 of your own life goal to stop working as 早期に as possible.

It's also 価値（がある） considering that if you miscalculate and run out of money when you are too old to earn it 支援する, you might 結局最後にはーなる financially 扶養家族 on your offspring.

'Children are often referred to as "扶養家族s" in 財政上の jargon on the basis that 同様に as 存在 part of the family, they also come with costs,' says Holt.

STEVE WEBB ANSWERS YOUR PENSION QUESTIONS

• Will 明言する／公表する 年金 become means 実験（する）d if you own 所有物／資産／財産 or have 私的な 年金s?
• I paid NI for 45 years so don't I get a 十分な 明言する／公表する 年金 - please explain?
• I'm 84 and don't have a 国家の 保険 number - can I get a 明言する／公表する 年金?
• I've got £213,000 in my 年金 マリファナ, what do I need to do before I 攻撃する，衝突する 75?
• I take £3k a year from my £50k 年金 マリファナ - should I buy an annuity?
• Can I stop an old 財政上の 助言者 taking £60 a month from my 年金?
• DWP says my dad who died at 100 was underpaid 明言する／公表する 年金 for 20 years
• Why am I 存在 asked intrusive questions about moving my 年金?
• A 年金 移転 I made in 2006 was short by £3,800 but I'm only 存在 申し込む／申し出d £5k 支援する now
• Should I 支払う／賃金 extra into my 年金 to dodge the 60% 税金 罠（にかける） above £100k?
• Why does the 年金 保護 基金 only give pensioners a 2.5% raise?
• I'm a retired nurse and just had a £200-a-month rent 引き上げ（る）, but no rise in 住宅 利益
• What will 国家の 保険 削減（する） mean for self-雇うd and their 明言する／公表する 年金s?
• My mum might be 予定 more 明言する／公表する 年金 - but will she lose 年金 credit?

? ? ? ?

'さまざまな 熟考する／考慮するs have put the cost of bringing up a child to age 18 at as much as £200,000, with food, 着せる／賦与するing and factors like 早期に years care costs all 与える／捧げるing to this 人物／姿／数字.

'In 新規加入 to the costs there is the challenge of explaining to a child why they can’t have 確かな things or experiences on the basis that every penny must be saved.

'Peer 圧力 is likely to be just as 重要な for children as it is for adults who choose not to 適合する with 伝統的な spending and working patterns.'

But Holt says a possible upside of 追求するing FIRE when you have children is that it would encourage them to consider the value of money and learn how to 予算 from an 早期に age.

黒人／ボイコット agrees that teaching children the value of money is really important, and for some families a 株d FIRE 戦略 could help the younger members understand how to save 同様に as keep 負かす／撃墜する day-to-day living costs.

But he 追加するs: 'If this becomes an obsession that means children and their parents go without things, it could lead to those children 存在 almost afraid of spending any money in the 未来, even on the important things that they 現実に need.

'Therefore, 支配するing children to an extreme FIRE 戦略 that 伴う／関わるs going without and/or saving up to 70 per cent of 世帯 income each year could, in the long 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語, be detrimental to their lifestyle.'

Can you be a successful FIRE 信奉者 on a low income?

One of the 論争s the FIRE movement has 点火（する）d is whether it is a 財政上の 戦略 only open to people on high incomes.

People on lower incomes, who might be in vocational 職業s that are more socially useful and important than higher paid ones, or a carer in their family, or volunteering a lot of their time for 解放する／自由な, are ありそうもない to be able to retire 早期に however hard they work or save.

Holt says: 'FIRE will be incredibly challenging for those on low incomes. The PLSA recently published an update to their 退職 living 基準s which put the 最小限 income 要求するd in 退職 at £12,800 for an individual.

'This sum only covers a very basic lifestyle, and assumes no 現在進行中の mortgage or rent 支払い（額）s, so the 最小限 income 必要物／必要条件 for those at earlier ages is likely to be higher.

'If someone 収入 £20,000 手配中の，お尋ね者 to save 70 per cent of their income for 20 years to age 40, this would leave them with only £6,000 a year to live on over that period.

'This level of saving might 蓄積する around £550,000, which sounds like a lot, but this sort of sum could be difficult to live on if it needs to stretch another 40 years or more. Typically FIRE is going to be much more doable for those on higher 収入s and with lower 財政上の かかわり合いs.'

黒人／ボイコット says the only way someone on a low income could make the FIRE 戦略 work is if they have a low 期待 of 支出 and lifestyle once they reach their 早期に 退職 age, for example centred around self-十分なこと or 生き残るing predominantly 'off grid'.

'For the 大多数 of wishful 早期に retirees, they’ll need to hav e 意味ありげに more money coming in each month than they 現実に spend to get の近くに to enjoying an 早期に 退職.

'As such, low income earners are likely to need to become high income earners before they retire for a FIRE based 財政上の planning 戦略 to really work.'

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