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Optical Illusions and Visual Phenomena
The Wayback Machine - http://web.archive.org/web/20121113211241/http://www.michaelbach.de:80/ot/

― Click icon to select ―

full tour stepping feet Motion Induced Blindness Illusion Kinetic Depth Effect, Autokinetic silencing snake snake Pinna-Brelstaff Motion Adaptation, Waterfall Illusion Motion Adaptation, spiralling Roget Illusion Reverse Spoke Illusion wagon-wheel Illusion color wagon-wheel Illusion stroboscopic Illusion Sigma Illusion Eye Jitter Eye Jitter Biological Motion flash lag Ramp Illusion enigma freezing rotation Reverse Phi Illusion radial stepping feet Motion Bounce Illusion Motion Bounce Illusion Breathing Square Illusion missingFundamentalIcon frequencyDoublingIcon kaleidoscopeIcon Ternus Icon Ternus Icon hermannGridIcon hermannGridCurvedIcon Grid Illusions Induced Grating Illusion Lozenges COBC Koffka Luminance Illusion Simultaneous Contrast Illusion Pyramid Illusion Munker-White Illusion Adelson Brightness Illusion checkerboard shadow Contrast Illusion Contrast Illusion contrast gain control Lazy Shadow Vernier & acuity coloured afterimgs Benham Top Color Illusion Neon Illusion Neon Illusion Motion at equiluminance Gestalt at equiluminance colour mixture Tilted Table Hering Illusions Poggendorff Illusion Frazer Illusion Tilt Illusion Cafe Wall Illusion Triangle Puzzle Checker Bulge Jastrow IllusionM?ller-Lyer Illusion Moon Illusion T illusion sine illusion luminance loomingI Shepard table shepard monster reverspective Necker Cube missing Corner Cube silhouette illusion Frankfurter Anamorphosis leaning towers Darwin Illusion Blur Illusion Blur IllusionBlur Illusion Blotted Letter Illusion dalmatian Hidden Bird Rotation Illusions Delboeuf Illusion Hollow Face Illusion Face on Mars Thatcher Illusion Ghostly Gaze blurred faces face mosaic

Recognition & Awards

2012-03 Focus?1? | 2? | 3 | 4 (in German)
2011-07 Demand from China so high that my domain was down a day
2009-10 in abc News
2008-09 portrayed by Die ZEIT
2008-04 referenced by NY Times
2007-11 portrayed in fudder
2007-11 daVinci ? 3sat
2007-10 Planetarium Freiburg
2007-06 Bayerisches Fernsehen:
Faszination Wissen
2006-09 Dugg, →4.5 million hits/day
2006-08 Focus online
2005-10 PC Magazine: a Top 101 Site
2005-08 BBC Online
2005-08 the Mac Observer
2005-07 Planetarium Freiburg
2005-06 a > 2 million hits/days spike
2005-05 “Image of the week”
by Viperlib
2005-05 > 1 million hits/day
2005-02 “Web Pick” by Yahbooks
2004-12 awardIcon10 cool sites award
2004-11 TV: Discoveries, Sci Chan
2004-11 NSDL Reports Life Sci
2004-10 Highlighted in Science
2004-10 > 500,000 hits/day
2004-09 Wikipedia
2004-03 N?rnberger Nachrichten
2004-03 Brainweek
2004 Yahoo Directory
2003-09 > 100,000 hits/day

Some History / What’s new

2012-09-19 Contour Adaptation
2012-05-18 Colour Wagon Wheel
2012-05-07 Tilt
2012-05-01 Delboeuf
2012-04-13 Jastrow
2012-04-01 New Stepping Feet
2012-03-07 Improved SAM
2012-03-04 Improved Caf? Wall
2011-12-11 Leaning Towers
2011-11-13 Spine Drift
2011-11-13 New technology to replace Flash, namely “Cappucino
2011-05-13 Motion silencing
2011-04-30 Tilted Table
2011-02-19 Impossible waterfall
2011-01-10 Munker Illusion
2010-10-17 Improved Snake ad lib,
all pages hyphenated
2010-07-05 Numerosity
2010-04-15 Anamorphosis
2010-01-03 Shaded diamonds
2009-12-30 Checker Bulge
2009-09-17 SAM
2009-06-08 Breathing Square
2009-04-13 Colour mixing
2009-02-13 Darwin Illusion
2008-11-09 Ternus
2008-10-22 Necker cube
2008-10-03 symmetric silhouette
2008-05-13 reverspectives
2008-02-12 Triangle Puzzle
2008-01-02 Snake ad lib
2007-11-11 Ambiguous Silhouette
2007-10-20 Ghostly Gaze
2007-10-07 Hallucii
2007-07-13 Wagon-wheel
2007-06-08 Added guestbook
2007-03-18 Sine Illusion
2007-02-26 Helm's Kaleidoscope
2007-01-01 Roget's Palisade
2006-12-31 Spiral motion aftereffect
2006-09-24 floating Frankfurter
2006-08-27 Lazy Shadow
2006-07-26 Hidden Bird
2006-06-06 Gestalt & colour
2006-05-22 Freezing Rotation
2006-04-02 Hyperacuity
2006-01-01 cube illusion
2005-11-01 Angry & Smile
2005-10-19 added Section Breaks
2005-10-03 Motion Binding
2005-10-01 Vasarely’s pyramid
2005-08-11 Terror Subterra
2005-07-23 eye jitter
2005-05-22 liac chaser
2005-04-24 Shepard’s table
2005-02-15 switched to CSS
2005-01-01 twisted Hermann grid
2004-12-21 frequency doubling
2004-12-12 Lincoln
2004-12-01 Luminance looming
2004-11-28 Missing fundamental
2004-10-18 Dalmatian
2004-08-16 T-illusion
2004-07-25 COBC
2004-06-25 impossible
2004-05-30 face on Mars
2004-05-16 face-in-beans
2004-04-14 checker shadow
2004-03-26 feet-lin
2004-03-08 Pinna-Brelstaff
2004-02-25 contrast gain
2004-02-08 Flash-Lag
2004-01-30 strobo artifacts
2004-01-03 rotating snake
2003-11-28 reverse phi text
2003-06-22 Poggendorff
2003-05-07 dynam. contrast
2003-04-18 Crossmodal
2003-02.12 no sex…
2003-02-11 Stereokinetics
2002-10-21 Neon
2002-10-12 MIB
2002-10-04 interactive M-W
2002-09-22 Caf? Wall
2002-09-08 sigma motion
2002-08-27 equiluminance
2002-08-16 M?ller-Lyer
2002-08-11 animated Fraser
2002-06-28 White's illusion
2002-06-13 Adelson’s plaid
2001-06-05 Spoke rotation
1999-06-15 Hollow face
1997-04-13 First installment



?

 99 Visual Phenomena & Optical Illusions 
(Visual Illusion ? Optische T?uschung)

by Michael Bach

[other languages: Belorussian, Bulgarian, Deutsch]

2012-05 Time to move on: all content here will migrate to HTML5. I do not have the resources to support older browsers. If something does not work, there are excellent free browsers: Chrome, FireFox, Opera, Safari.

These pages demonstrate visual phenomena, and ?optical? or ?visual illusions?. The latter is more appropriate, because most effects have their basis in the visual pathway, not in the optics of the eye. Emphasis here is on interactivity and understanding of the visual mechanisms involved, to the degree they are understood.

Don’t get distressed if you don’t see all the effects described, even if trying carefully. For many illusions, there is a percentage of people with perfectly normal vision (and character ;-) who just don’t see it, often for reasons currently unknown. [Also: like avoiding to dry your cat in the microwave, please simply stop if you feel the images are a strain. While the former is probably an urban legend, the latter is my legal disclaimer.]

You may be glad to know: There are no tasteless surprises here; you know, these infantile pranks where you scrutinize a picture and suddenly an ugly face (or the opposite end) screams at you…

Most visitors of this site are not vision scientists, so you might find the explanatory attempts too highbrow. That is not on purpose, but, like any science, vision research just is not trivial. So, if the explanation seems gibberish, simply enjoy the phenomenon ;?). Otherwise, there is a short paper: Bach & Poloschek (2006) Optical Illusions primer.

?Optical illusion? sounds pejorative, as if exposing a malfunction of the visual system. Rather, I view these phenomena as bringing out particular good adaptations of our visual system to standard viewing situations. These adaptations are ?hard-wired? in our brains, and thus under some artificial manipulations can cause inappropriate interpretations of the visual scene. As Purkinje put it: ?Illusions of the senses tell us the truth about perception? (cited by Teuber 1960).

Before we delve in, I’d like to express my thanks to the many visitors who gave overwhelmingly positive @feedback, adding constructive advice on content and style ; please do keep it coming! [Or use the guestbook.] I have also been able to improve explanations when convincing scientific evidence was sent ;-). Yes, it does take sizable resources to set up and maintain this, but it is also very rewarding, bringing me into contact with so many charming people. Should you want to give back, simply link to this page or use the donation link ;-). Any advice is appreciated ? and, yes, for a non-native speaker, English does represent sizable challenges.

2010-05: We lost Richard Gregory, brilliant, warm-hearted, and inspiring researcher of optical illusions and much more.

I support an enlightened, rational world view, e.g. no homeopathy.

Motion & Time

Luminance & Contrast

Colour

Geometric- & Angle Illusions

Space, 3D & Size Constancy

Cognitive- / Gestalt Effects

Specialties with faces

 

Some sources

 

Donations

 

My bread-and-butter job: Universit?ts-Augenklinik Freiburg

My involvement with our →local art society

 

 

Thanks to Inga who created new artwork (2005-04) for the ‘eyes’. More from the Bach Family: Oliver, Christine, Andreas. Occasionally I update my PlusOne Blog.

Low rates from my reliable web service provider Netbeat ?in spite of huge traffic? are gratefully acknowledged.


Note: most of the demonstrations require the free players for Apple’s Quicktime and Macromedia’s/Adobe’s Flash , both available for several platforms; some graphics are in PNG format. Best viewed
without
microsoft
Valid CSS! Valid HTML 4.01!

|? Impressum?Legal notice  | 
Last update 2012-09-19 by Michael Bach