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chrome.runtime - Google Chrome
The Wayback Machine - http://web.archive.org/web/20130605142951/http://developer.chrome.com/extensions/runtime.html

chrome.runtime

Description: Use the chrome.runtime module to retrieve the background page, return details about the manifest, and listen for and respond to events in the app or extension lifecycle. You can also use this API to convert the relative path of URLs to fully-qualified URLs.
Availability: Google Chrome 22
Permissions: None
Learn more: Manage App Lifecycle
Event Pages

chrome.runtime reference

Types

Port

An object which allows two way communication with other pages.

Properties of Port

name ( string )
disconnect ( function )
onDisconnect ( events.Event )
onMessage ( events.Event )
postMessage ( function )
sender ( optional MessageSender )
This property will only be present on ports passed to onConnect/onConnectExternal listeners.

MessageSender

An object containing information about the script context that sent a message or request.

Properties of MessageSender

tab ( optional tabs.Tab )
This property will only be present when the connection was opened from a tab or content script.
id ( string )
The ID of the extension/app that opened the connection.

Properties

lastError

chrome.runtime.lastError
lastError ( )
This will be defined during an API method callback if there was an error

Properties of lastError

message ( optional string )
Details about the error which occurred.

id

chrome.runtime.id
id ( )
The ID of the extension/app.

Methods

getBackgroundPage

chrome.runtime.getBackgroundPage(function callback)

Retrieves the JavaScript 'window' object for the background page running inside the current extension/app. If the background page is an event page, the system will ensure it is loaded before calling the callback. If there is no background page, an error is set.

Parameters

callback ( function )

Callback

The callback parameter should specify a function that looks like this:

function(global backgroundPage) {...};
backgroundPage ( optional global )
The JavaScript 'window' object for the background page.

getManifest

object chrome.runtime.getManifest()

Returns details about the app or extension from the manifest. The object returned is a serialization of the full manifest file.

getURL

string chrome.runtime.getURL(string path)

Converts a relative path within an app/extension install directory to a fully-qualified URL.

Parameters

path ( string )
A path to a resource within an app/extension expressed relative to its install directory.

reload

chrome.runtime.reload()

Reloads the app or extension.

requestUpdateCheck

chrome.runtime.requestUpdateCheck(function callback)

Requests an update check for this app/extension.

Parameters

callback ( function )

Callback

The callback parameter should specify a function that looks like this:

function(enumerated string ["throttled", "no_update", "update_available"] status, object details) {...};
status ( enumerated string ["throttled", "no_update", "update_available"] )
Result of the update check.
details ( optional object )
If an update is available, this contains more information about the available update.
version ( string )
The version of the available update.

connect

Port chrome.runtime.connect(string extensionId, object connectInfo)

Attempts to connect to other listeners within the extension/app (such as the background page), or other extensions/apps. This is useful for content scripts connecting to their extension processes. Note that this does not connect to any listeners in a content script. Extensions may connect to content scripts embedded in tabs via tabs.connect.

Parameters

extensionId ( optional string )
The ID of the extension/app you want to connect to. If omitted, default is your own extension.
connectInfo ( optional object )
name ( optional string )
Will be passed into onConnect for processes that are listening for the connection event.

sendMessage

chrome.runtime.sendMessage(string extensionId, any message, function responseCallback)

Sends a single message to onMessage event listeners within the extension (or another extension/app). Similar to chrome.runtime.connect, but only sends a single message with an optional response. The onMessage event is fired in each extension page of the extension. Note that extensions cannot send messages to content scripts using this method. To send messages to content scripts, use tabs.sendMessage.

Parameters

extensionId ( optional string )
The extension ID of the extension you want to connect to. If omitted, default is your own extension.
message ( any )
responseCallback ( optional function )

Callback

If you specify the responseCallback parameter, it should specify a function that looks like this:

function(any response) {...};
response ( any )
The JSON response object sent by the handler of the message. If an error occurs while connecting to the extension, the callback will be called with no arguments and lastError will be set to the error message.

Events

onStartup

chrome.runtime.onStartup.addListener(function() {...});

Fired when a profile that has this extension installed first starts up. This event is not fired when an incognito profile is started, even if this extension is operating in 'split' incognito mode.

onInstalled

chrome.runtime.onInstalled.addListener(function(object details) {...});

Fired when the extension is first installed, when the extension is updated to a new version, and when Chrome is updated to a new version.

Listener Parameters

details ( object )
reason ( enumerated string ["install", "update", "chrome_update"] )
The reason that this event is being dispatched.
previousVersion ( optional string )
Indicates the previous version of the extension, which has just been updated. This is present only if 'reason' is 'update'.

onSuspend

chrome.runtime.onSuspend.addListener(function() {...});

Sent to the event page just before it is unloaded. This gives the extension opportunity to do some clean up. Note that since the page is unloading, any asynchronous operations started while handling this event are not guaranteed to complete. If more activity for the event page occurs before it gets unloaded the onSuspendCanceled event will be sent and the page won't be unloaded.

onSuspendCanceled

chrome.runtime.onSuspendCanceled.addListener(function() {...});

Sent after onSuspend to indicate that the app won't be unloaded after all.

onUpdateAvailable

chrome.runtime.onUpdateAvailable.addListener(function(object details) {...});

Fired when an update is available, but isn't installed immediately because the app is currently running. If you do nothing, the update will be installed the next time the background page gets unloaded, if you want it to be installed sooner you can explicitly call chrome.runtime.reload().

Listener Parameters

details ( object )
The manifest details of the available update.
version ( string )
The version number of the available update.

onBrowserUpdateAvailable

chrome.runtime.onBrowserUpdateAvailable.addListener(function() {...});

Fired when a Chrome update is available, but isn't installed immediately because a browser restart is required.

onConnect

chrome.runtime.onConnect.addListener(function(Port port) {...});

Fired when a connection is made from either an extension process or a content script.

Listener Parameters

port ( Port )

onConnectExternal

chrome.runtime.onConnectExternal.addListener(function(Port port) {...});

Fired when a connection is made from another extension.

Listener Parameters

port ( Port )

onMessage

chrome.runtime.onMessage.addListener(function(any message, MessageSender sender, function sendResponse) {...});

Fired when a message is sent from either an extension process or a content script.

Listener Parameters

message ( any )
The message sent by the calling script.
sender ( MessageSender )
sendResponse ( function )
Function to call (at most once) when you have a response. The argument should be any JSON-ifiable object. If you have more than one onMessage listener in the same document, then only one may send a response. This function becomes invalid when the event listener returns, unless you return true from the event listener to indicate you wish to send a response asynchronously (this will keep the message channel open to the other end until sendResponse is called).

Callback

The sendResponse parameter should specify a function that looks like this:

function() {...};

onMessageExternal

chrome.runtime.onMessageExternal.addListener(function(any message, MessageSender sender, function sendResponse) {...});

Fired when a message is sent from another extension/app. Cannot be used in a content script.

Listener Parameters

message ( any )
The message sent by the calling script.
sender ( MessageSender )
sendResponse ( function )
Function to call (at most once) when you have a response. The argument should be any JSON-ifiable object. If you have more than one onMessage listener in the same document, then only one may send a response. This function becomes invalid when the event listener returns, unless you return true from the event listener to indicate you wish to send a response asynchronously (this will keep the message channel open to the other end until sendResponse is called).

Callback

The sendResponse parameter should specify a function that looks like this:

function() {...};

Sample Extensions that use chrome.runtime

  • Context Menus Sample (with Event Page) – Shows some of the features of the Context Menus API using an event page
  • Live HTTP headers – Displays the live log with the http requests headers
  • JavaScript pause/resume – Pauses / resumes JavaScript execution
  • Event Page Example – Demonstrates usage and features of the event page
  • Message Timer – Times how long it takes to send a message to a content script and back.
  • Speech Recognizer – Recognizes your speech and tells you the most likely result.
  • Stylizr – Spruce up your pages with custom CSS.
  • WebNavigation Tech Demo – Demonstration of the WebNavigation extension API.
  • Page Benchmarker – Chromium Page Benchmarker.
  • Catifier – Moar cats!
  • Email this page (by Google) – This extension adds an email button to the toolbar which allows you to email the page link using your default mail client or Gmail.
  • Google Mail Checker – Displays the number of unread messages in your Google Mail inbox. You can also click the button to open your inbox.
  • Per-plugin content settings – Customize your content setting for different plug-ins.
  • Proxy Extension API Sample – Set Chrome-specific proxies; a demonstration of Chrome's Proxy API
  • Talking Alarm Clock – A clock with two configurable alarms that will play a sound and speak a phrase of your choice.
  • TTS Demo – Demo Chrome's synthesized text-to-speech capabilities.