How to （警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域 the 支援する to school bugs: A guide on 取り組むing the 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語-time 病気s

By Dr Ellie 大砲 for The Mail on Sunday

Published: 22:55 BST, 8 September 2012 | Updated: 10:36 BST, 27 September 2012

By the middle of September, my 外科 is heaving with children who have already fallen ill a co uple of weeks into the new school 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語.

Tummy bugs, coughs and 冷淡なs all seem to 栄える once kids are jam-packed in the classroom all day.

I certainly notice this with my own children. I think the 早期に mornings and long day at school can take their （死傷者）数 on the 免疫の system, which is why I 主張する they get an 早期に night.

The important thing is most of these 支援する-to-school 感染s are usually 穏やかな and 要求する 極小の 治療 at home with the help of a pharmacist or your GP.

Here is a 包括的な guide to the most ありふれた of school 病気s ? and how to 取り組む them...

KEEP ON TOP OF LICE

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?

An itchy 長，率いる ? this may start? three months after the 初期の 感染 of 長，率いる lice.

‘They are parasitic insects between 1mm and 3mm long that live on the 長，率いる and 料金d on human 血. Many people 誤った call them nits, but nits are the hatched or dead eggs,’ says nurse co nsultant Christine Brown, who advises 最初の／主要な care 信用s on 長，率いる-lice 政策.

WHAT CAN YOU DO?

‘Not everyone has itching. Check your children’s 長，率いるs once a week,’ she recommends. ‘Lice look like dandruff but stick to the hair.

Look for live insects. Use silicone-based 治療s such as Hedrin 扱う／治療する & Go Mousse (£12, chemistdirect.co.uk) which coats the lice so they die.

Lice have developed 抵抗 to previous pesticide 治療s.’ You can 徹底的に捜す out lice from wet hair using a special 罰金-toothed 徹底的に捜す and normal conditioner.

However, 臨床の 裁判，公判s have shown this to? be only 57 per cent 効果的な and? it is time-消費するing.

WHEN TO SEEK HELP

いつかs an allergic reaction to bites can 原因（となる） dermatitis and 感染. If your child has 激しい itching (and 肌 is bleeding) then see your GP.

DO THEY NEED TO? BE OFF SCHOOL?

No. Children can return to school すぐに after 治療 ? however, you must 扱う／治療する them. Under public health 法律 it is a 必要物／必要条件 that they be 扱う／治療するd.

‘In extreme 事例／患者s of neglect, social services might get 伴う／関わるd,’ says Brown.

BEWARE SNEEZERS...

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?

Coughs and 冷淡なs are usually ウイルスs and spread by sneezing ? children are 悪名高くも hopeless at covering their mouths.

‘Sneezing, coughing and 匂いをかぐing are 必然的な for most children,’ says Dr Michael Markiewicz, 顧問 paediatrician at the Bupa Cromwell Hospital, West London.

WHAT CAN YOU DO?

Cough syrups are ありそうもない to make much difference. Give paracetamol for a 気温.

WHEN TO SEEK HELP

‘If a child has a very sore throat or isn’t sleeping because of high fever, see your GP,’ Dr Markiewicz says. ‘They may have a bacterial 感染 and need 抗生物質s.’

DO THEY NEED TO BE OFF SCHOOL?

Only if a child has a 気温, but use discretion.

PAIN OF CHICKENPOX

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?

Chickenpox is a viral 感染 原因（となる）ing a 無分別な of （疑いを）晴らす blisters which spreads and 原因（となる）s 苦痛 and itching, 結局 crusting over into scabs and dropping off. Children may have a fever.

WHAT CAN YOU DO?

‘Paracetamol relieves fevers and 不快. Sedating antihistamines such as Piriton relieve itching,’ says 顧問 paediatrician? Dr Jideofor Menakaya at Hillingdon Hospital, London.

‘Be aware that sedating 医薬 may mask serious 味方する 影響s.’

専門家s 警告する against parents 持つ／拘留するing ‘chickenpox parties’ because although serious 複雑化s with this illness are rare, they do still happen.

Calamine lotion may help itchy 肌 or try ViraSoothe Chickenpox 救済 冷静な／正味のing Gel (£8.99, 75ml, boots.com), which doesn’t 乾燥した，日照りの on the 肌. Give plenty of fluids.

WHEN TO SEEK HELP

‘If your child has eczema they may 利益 from the chickenpox ワクチン before 契約ing the 条件. Chickenpox on 最高の，を越す of eczema can be very 苦しめるing,’ says Dr Michael Markiewicz.

Dr Menakaya 追加するs: ‘Meningitis and encephalitis are rare but possible 複雑化s. If a child is floppy and unresponsive, not drinking or passing urin e 適切に or has a 最高気温, see a doctor.’

DO THEY NEED TO BE OFF SCHOOL?

Yes. Children are most 感染性の one to two days before the 無分別な appears and until all the 位置／汚点／見つけ出すs crust over.

HOW TO SPOT MEASLES

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?

Measles is an 感染性の viral 病気. 最初 it is like having a 冷淡な, says Dr Jideofor Menakaya.

‘Then white 位置／汚点／見つけ出すs on a red base appear in the mouth and a red 無分別な appears behind the ears, spreading 負かす／撃墜する the whole 団体／死体.’

There were 964 確認するd 事例／患者s in the first half of 2012, compared with 249 in the whole of 2010.

WHAT CAN YOU DO?

Normal children’s 医薬s are appropriate such as Nurofen and Calpol. Encourage the child to drink plenty of fluids. See your? GP if you 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑う measles.

WHEN TO SEEK HELP

複雑化s 含む bacterial 感染s 同様に as 肺炎. ‘If a child has a 気温 and is not 答える／応じるing, 捜し出す 医療の attention,’ says Dr Menakaya. ‘早い breathing with a 最高気温 is 原因（となる） for 関心.’

DO THEY NEED TO? BE OFF SCHOOL?

Yes. Measles is a notifiable illness. The GP? has to tell? the Health 保護 機関 of any 確認するd or 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑うd 事例／患者s. The school mus t also be 知らせるd.

WHAT IF YOU HAVEN’T HAD A MEASLES JAB

Anyone ? adult or child ? who hasn’t had the MMR or a 選び出す／独身 jab needs to have a booster ワクチン. The HPA recommends that all children have both doses of the MMR ワクチン.

THOSE PESKY PARASITES

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?

Threadworms are contagious parasitic worms which lay eggs, usually at night, 主要な to an itchy 底（に届く）. If the eggs get stuck on fingertips, they can be transferred. Once ingested,? their entire lifecycle takes place within the human digestive tract.

WHAT CAN YOU DO?

医薬 is 利用できる at pharmacies. Try raspberry-flavoured Pripsen sachets (£2.69, expresschemist.co.uk) or Ovex tablets (£6.29, pharmacy2u.co.uk). Look for the active 成分s Piperazine and Mebendazole. 扱う／治療する the whole family, but be aware they can’t be used by 妊娠している women and breastfeeding mothers.

‘You must repeat 治療 after 14 days to 確実にする all the worms are dead,’ says nurse 顧問 Christine Brown.

‘極端に good hygiene is 決定的な to 妨げる spreading and 原因（となる）ing その上の 感染,’ she says. ‘Wash all towels and bedding. Bath children each morning to 除去する eggs laid 夜通し, 殺菌する loo seats and wash 手渡すs frequently.’

WHEN TO SEEK HELP

There is no other 治療.? Your GP is ありそうもない to 申し込む／申し出? その上の 解答s.

DO THEY NEED TO BE OFF SCHOOL??

‘There’s no need to keep them home に引き続いて 治療 but? it’s probably a good idea to let? the school know,’ says Brown. ‘The school will be 控えめの but may wish to take its own 予防の 対策.’

TUMMY TROUBLE

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?

Vomiting and diarrhoea ? known medically as gastroenteritis ? is inflammation of the digestive tract either by ウイルスs or, more rarely, bacteria.? ‘Bugs’ are often contagious and can spread quickly.

WHAT CAN YOU DO?

‘Keep children hydrated with flavoured Dioralyte? or half-diluted lemonade,’ says Dr Michael Markiewicz. The salt and sugar in Dioralyte helps water to be 吸収するd. There is often little you can do if a tummy bug is going 一連の会議、交渉／完成する ? but 正規の／正選手 手渡す washing, or an antibacterial/antiviral 手渡す gel may help.

WHEN TO SEEK HELP

‘If a child is jus t vomiting it may be a more 悪意のある problem such as a 厳しい underlying bacterial 感染,’ says Dr Markiewicz. ‘See a doctor if they have been continuously sick for 24 hours, or if they become floppy and drowsy.’

DO THEY NEED TO BE OFF SCHOOL?

‘Yes, children are 感染性の while they have symptoms. Don’t send them 支援する for 24 to 48 hours after they were last sick.’

PERSISTENT COUGHS

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?

早期に symptoms of whooping cough ? or pertussis ? are? 冷淡な-like. The second 行う／開催する／段階 is characterised by 激しい 一区切り／（ボクシングなどの）試合s of coughing and bringing up 厚い phlegm.

‘The whooping sound occurs when the child has coughed a number of times and not had time to breathe 適切に,’ says? Dr Markiewicz.

It can be 契約d at any age, as the 免疫 供給するd by the ワクチン接種 病弱なs after a few years. There have been 3,523 事例／患者s this year and six pertussis-関係のある deaths in 幼児s.

‘We are very 関心d about the continuing 増加する in 事例／患者s,’ says Dr Gayatri Amirthalingam, immunisation 専門家 at the HPA. ‘Parents should 確実にする that their children are vaccinated on time so that they are 保護するd at the earliest 適切な時期.’

WHAT CAN YOU DO?

抗生物質s are necessary to 妨げる 感染 of others.

WHEN TO SEEK HELP

Whooping cough i s dangerous in babies. If they go floppy they may need oxygen. ‘Babies with feeding or breathing difficulties should always be in hospital,’ says Dr Jideofor Menakaya. When older children have 重要な breathing difficulties, also 捜し出す 医療の attention.

DO THEY NEED TO? BE OFF SCHOOL?

Yes and it may be a long 運ぶ／漁獲高? ? it is also known as the 100-day cough. ‘It’s 破壊的な. Children can’t go 支援する to school until it’s gone,’ says Dr Markiewicz.

NEW TERM TANTRUMS

‘Starting a new school is always stressful. It’s often hard to generalise about the best way to 解決する children’s problems,’ says 教育の psychologist Professor Julian Elliott. He 示唆するs 解答s to three ありふれた 状況／情勢s.

THE PROBLEM: Your child 叫び声をあげるs and 粘着するs to you when you 減少（する） them off.

THE SOLUTION: Leave calmly with as little commotion as possible. Teachers are 専門家s in 取引，協定ing with such problems and in 99 per cent of 事例／患者s, the child will soon be pacified.

THE PROBLEM: Your child is complaining of tummy aches or 頭痛s.

THE SOLUTION: If the 原因（となる） is 苦悩 or 関心 about events at school, do not give in to your first instinct and let them stay at home. This will often 蓄える／店 up problems for the 未来. Discuss what the problem may be and 安心させる your child. If it is 影響する／感情ing their health or the 苦しめる continues, talk to the school. See your GP to 除去する a physical 原因（となる）.

THE PROBLEM: Your child is 苦しむing night terrors, 混乱に陥れる／中断させるd sleep or not eating 適切に.

THE SOLUTION: 確実にする they understand that you are taking their 関心s 本気で. Help them 伸び（る） a 現実主義の 視野. The 予測できなく of school is often the problem.