Your 必須の guide for what to do in an 緊急 - as 研究 示唆するs 40 per cent of Britons would be worried about giving first 援助（する）

• e-mail

直面するd with an 緊急, would you know what to do? Alarmingly, 研究 示唆するs that 40 per cent of people in the UK would be worried about 介入するing to give first 援助（する）. But it needn’t be scary.

In fact, arming yourself with even the most basic knowledge ? 輪郭（を描く）d here ? could 証明する to be the difference between life and death. Dr Lynn Thomas, 医療の director of St John 救急車, says: ‘Everyone should know what to do if someone is choking or if somebody 崩壊（する）s in 前線 of you and their heart has stopped.

‘If you know what to do before something happens, it makes it easier to do it, if you are 直面するd with an 緊急.’

研究 示唆するs that 40 per cent of people in the UK would be worried about 介入するing to give first 援助（する） (pictured: 過程 or rewinding 索引 finger to 手渡す with a 医療の 包帯)

Before helpin g a 死傷者, make sure it is 安全な to do so.

Then check if they are conscious or breathing, as this will 知らせる your next steps.

If you are in any 疑問 or 関心d that someone is 本気で unwell, you must call 999.

But most importantly, don’t panic. ‘Doing something is better than nothing,’ Dr Thomas says.

For more first 援助（する） advice, visit sja.org.uk, or you can download the St John 救急車 First 援助（する） app 解放する／自由な.

WHAT TO DO IF SOMEONE IS UNCONSCIOUS...??

1. Check whether the 死傷者 is responsive. If they are unable to open their 注目する，もくろむs or speak, check their 航空路 is （疑いを）晴らす. If they are breathing 普通は, put them in the 回復 position, by に引き続いて the steps at the 底（に届く） of this page. If they are not breathing:?DIAL 999 IMMEDIATELY.

2. Begin CPR. First, lay a piece of 着せる／賦与するing over the 死傷者’s mouth and nose, to 保護する yourself from Covid-19. To 成し遂げる adult CPR, ひさまづく by the 死傷者 and place the heel of one 手渡す in the middle?手渡す on 最高の，を越す. Interlock your fingers, so they don’t touch the ribs (see A).??

3. Keeping your 武器 straight, lean over the 死傷者 and 圧力（をかける） 負かす／撃墜する hard, about five centimetres 深い (B). 解放（する） the 圧力. Repeat to the 速度 of the Bee Gees song Staying Alive.??

4. Continue until help arrives, the 患者 becomes responsive, or a defibrillator is ready. To use a defibrillator, switch it on and follow the 発言する／表明する 誘発するs. If the 患者 becomes responsive, put them in the 回復 position.

...AND IF SOMEONE IS UNCONSCIOUS BUT STILL BREATHING?

?PUT THEM IN THE RECOVERY POSITION. THEN DIAL 999

?Do not move them if they could have a spinal 傷害.

?Here's how to do it...

1. ひさまづく next to the 死傷者 on the 床に打ち倒す. Straighten their 脚s.?

2. Place the 死傷者’s arm nearest to you at a 権利 angle to their 団体／死体, with their 肘 bent and palm 直面するing 上向きs. Bring the 死傷者’s other arm across their chest and 持つ／拘留する the 支援する of their 手渡す against the cheek nearest to you. With your other 手渡す, put the 膝 that’s furthest away from you up.???

3.?Keeping the 死傷者’s 手渡す against their cheek, gently pull the 膝 に向かって you. They should now be lying on their 味方する.

WHAT TO DO IF SOMEONE IS CHOKING

1. Encourage the person to keep coughing, and 除去する any obvious obstructions from their mouth. If that fails, give five sharp blows to the 支援する, between the shoulder blades. Check their mouth after each one.??

2. If they are still choking, stand behind them and put your 武器 around their waist above the belly button. Clench one 握りこぶし and しっかり掴む it with your other 手渡す. Pull はっきりと ? and 上向きs ? five times. Check their mouth each time.

3. CALL 999 if this fails. C ontinue giving five sharp blows followed by five sharp pulls. Start CPR?if the person becomes unresponsive.

WHAT EVERY FIRST AID KIT NEEDS??

• Keep a first 援助（する） 道具 at home and in your car.

• You can buy one for under £20. Alternatively, （不足などを）補う your own and keep it in a 調印（する）d コンテナ.

HERE'S A LIST OF THE MOST ESSENTIAL ITEMS...

負傷させる dressings: Dressing pads can be used to 適用する 圧力 to stop bleeding.

Adhesive dressings or plasters: For 削減（する）s and grazes. Keep a few in different sizes.

Roller 包帯s: To support 負傷させるd 共同のs, 持続する 圧力 on 負傷させるs and 安全な・保証する dressings.

Triangular 包帯s: Can be 倍のd to make 包帯s or slings.

Elasticated tubular 包帯s: To support 負傷させるd 肘s and 膝s.

洗浄するing wipes: To clean around 削減（する）s before dressing.

使い捨てできる gloves and a mask: To 妨げる 感染.

Adhesive tape: To 安全な・保証する dressings and 包帯s.

Scissors: To 削減（する） 包帯s and tape.

Safety pins: For loose ends of 包帯s.

CARING FOR A BROKEN BONE

1. Use your 手渡すs to support the 負傷させるd 団体／死体 part. Place padding, or a towel, around it.

2. If the 患者 is bleeding, cover the 負傷させる with a sterile dressing and 安全な・保証する with a 包帯.

3. CALL 999. Keep the 死傷者 still while you wait for help.??

PRESS ON A BLEED

1. If it is 厳しい, 適用する 圧力 to the 負傷させる using a sterile dressing or 非，不，無-fluffy cloth. Then CALL 999.

2. 安全な・保証する the dressing 堅固に with a 包帯. If 血 shows through the dressing, 適用する another ? without 除去するing the first. 成し遂げる CPR if the 患者 becomes unresponsive.

COOL A BURN?

持つ／拘留する the 燃やす under 冷静な／正味の running water. CALL 999 if 厳しい. 冷静な／正味の for at least ten minutes. Cover loosely with clingfilm or sterile dressing.