気候 change is melting the ALPS: 衛星 images 明らかにする／漏らす how the European mountain 範囲 is becoming greener まっただ中に rising 気温s

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衛星 images have 明らかにする／漏らすd that the consequences of 全世界の warming can be seen from space ― as the アルプス山脈 are turning greener.

The European mountain 範囲 is famously covered in a 一面に覆う／毛布 of snow for the 大多数 of the year, attracting スキーヤーs and snowboarders across the world.

But new data has 設立する that?vegetation above the tree line has 増加するd in nearly 80 per cent of the アルプス山脈 over the last 38 years.

Although the new 工場／植物s may 補助装置 in 減ずるing 炭酸ガス, a 温室 gas, this is 脅すing biodiversity in the mountains.

Shrubs that are better ふさわしい to the new 気候 条件s will out-compete many Alpine 工場／植物s, 研究員s from the University of Lausanne and the University of Basel said.

They also discovered that?snow cover had 減少（する）d 意味ありげに in almost 10 per cent of the area 手段d.

Lead author and assistant professor Sabine Rumpf 結論するd that the 観察s were the result of 気候 change, and are likely to get worse.

? Slide me ?

衛星 images 明らかにする／漏らす the consequences of 全世界の warming can be seen from space ― as the アルプス山脈 are turning greener. 空中の photographs of the アルプス山脈 taken in 1998 (left) and 2021 (権利) show an?増加する in vegetation because it is わずかに greener

This is a 黒人／ボイコット and white 空中の photograph of the スイスの アルプス山脈 taken in 1984 when the 熟考する／考慮する was started. Over the next 38 years, 全世界の warming 原因（となる）d an 増加する in veg etation and 減少（する） in snow cover as 公式文書，認めるd by scientists in Switzerland?

?Graphics showing changes of vegetation and snow cover in the European アルプス山脈 from 1984 to 2021; A - Vegetation 生産性, B - Summer snow, C - Year-一連の会議、交渉／完成する snow. 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業 chart D shows these changes as a 割合 of coloured pixels in the graphics

She said: 'The 規模 of the change has turned out to be 絶対 大規模な in the アルプス山脈.

'Greener mountains 反映する いっそう少なく sunlight and therefore lead to その上の warming ― and, in turn, to その上の shrinkage of reflective snow cover.'

Mountain landscapes are biodiversity hotspots and 供給する a host of important ecosystem services.?

For example, meltwater from alpine glaciers and snow 供給するs nearly half of the world's freshwater 資源s.?

However, mountain 環境s are also more susceptible to 気候 change, and are warming 概略で twice as 急速な／放蕩な as the 全世界の 普通の／平均（する）.

This is 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑うd to be a result of the 頂点（に達する）s losing their white 一面に覆う／毛布 of snow that 反映するs the sun's 放射（能）, and is 取って代わるd with darker-coloured ground which 吸収するs heat.

The new colouration is thought to 補足（する） the heat-trapping 影響 of 温室 gases, and are heating up more quickly 親族 to land that never had snow cover.?

Yet, while melting glaciers have become a symbol of 気候 change in the アルプス山脈 and 北極の 地域s, the 削減 in snow is not the biggest consequence on the mountains, によれば the 研究員s.

Vegetation above the tree line in the アルプス山脈 has 増加するd in nearly 80 per cent of the アルプス山脈, while snow cover had 減少（する）d in almost 10 per cent of the area 手段d, since 1984

This graphic shows the 'greening' and 'browning' in the アルプス山脈 over the last 38 years. The green pixels are 比例する to vegetation 増加する, and brown pixels 代表する a vegetation 減少（する）. Glaciated areas are transparent as they were not considered in the 熟考する／考慮する

Professor Rumpf from?the University of Basel, with Professor Gr?goire Mari?thoz and Professor Antoine Guisan from the University of Lausanne, 調査／捜査するd the change in vegetation using Landsat images from 1984 to 2021.

Their 熟考する／考慮する 設立する that?工場／植物 biomass above the tree line 増加するd in more than 77 per cent of the 観察するd area.

This growth is called 'greening', and is?because 工場／植物s are colonising new areas of the アルプス山脈 and the vegetation is 一般に becoming denser and taller.

It is a result of changes in precipitation and longer vegetation periods as a result of rising 気温s, and?predominated in warmer areas.

Additionally, いっそう少なく than one per cent of the 観察するd Alpine area experienced 'browning', where 工場／植物 生産性 拒絶する／低下するd.?

'Alpine 工場／植物s are adapted to 厳しい 条件s, but they’re not very 競争の激しい,' said Professor Rumpf.

As 環境の 条件s change, she says, these specialised 種類 lose their advantage and are out-competed.

She 追加するd: 'The unique biodiversity of the アルプス山脈 is therefore under かなりの 圧力.'

The new 熟考する／考慮する has been published in the 定期刊行物 Science.

GLOBAL WARMING AND MOUNTAINS

確かな gases in the atmosphere, such as 炭酸ガス, 罠（にかける） heat 類似の to the glass roof of a 温室, and they are called 温室 gases

During the day, the Sun 向こうずねs through the atmosphere and Earth's surface warms up in the sunlight

At night, the Earth's surface 冷静な／正味のs, 解放（する）ing heat 支援する into the 空気／公表する, but some of the heat is 罠にかける by the 温室 gases in the atmosphere

Human activities, for example 燃やすing 化石 燃料s like coal and oil, puts more 炭酸ガス into our atmosphere

Too much of these 温室 gases can 原因（となる） Earth's atmosphere to 罠（にかける） more and more heat, 原因（となる）ing the 惑星 to warm up?

Since the pre-産業の period, human activities are 概算の to have 増加するd Earth’s 全世界の 普通の／平均（する） 気温 by about 1.8°F? (1°C), a number that is 現在／一般に 増加するing by 0.36°F (0.2°C) per １０年間

Permafrost, glaciers and ice sheets are all struggling to stay in tact in the 直面する of the warmer 気候?

Some animal and 工場／植物 種類 rely ひどく on 冷淡な 条件s and are migrating to higher 高度s to find suitable habitat

This is putting 厳しい 緊張する on the ecosystems as more animals and more 種類 are living in an ever-縮むing 地域

On 最高の，を越す of the 環境の 圧力, the 欠如（する） of ice on mountains is vastly 増加するing the 危険s of 地滑りs and 火山の 爆発s

Permafrost, glaciers and ice sheets are all struggling to stay in tact in the 直面する of the warmer 気候 that is a result of the 温室 影響

宣伝

と一緒に 同僚s?in the Netherlands and Finland, the scientists also used the?high-決意／決議 衛星 data to 熟考する／考慮する 削減 in snow cover?over the last 38 years.

除外するing 地域s below 1,700 メーターs, glaciers and forests, they looked at the 衛星 images to see which areas had become "snow-解放する／自由な" over time.

The results 設立する that the change in snow cover above the tree line had 拒絶する／低下するd 意味ありげに in almost 10 per cent of the area.

This 頂点（に達する）d at colder 気温s, driven predominantly by precipitation changes brought on by 気候 change.

Antoine Guisan said: 'Previous 分析 of 衛星 data hadn’t identified any such 傾向,

'This may be because the 決意／決議 of the 衛星 images was insufficient or because the periods considered were too short.'

They could not use the images to draw 結論s about snow depth, however they （人命などを）奪う，主張する previous 熟考する／考慮するs taking ground-based 測定s have shown a 減少（する）.

As 全世界の warming 増加するs, the "greening" is also likely going to 与える／捧げる to snow 後退，不況 along with the rising 気温.

More of the glaciers will melt?which may lead to 地滑りs, rockfalls and mudflows, and the 雪解けing of permafrost could 解放（する） "locked in" 温室 gases.

This will likely have consequences on snow sports, 観光旅行，事業 and the drinking water 供給（する）, 同様に as 脅すing?壊れやすい alpine 工場／植物 and animal communities.

Mountain 環境s are also more susceptible to 気候 change, and are warming 概略で twice as 急速な／放蕩な as the 全世界の 普通の／平均（する）, thought to be because the snow once 反映するd the sun's rays but is now 存在 melted by the rising 気温s

気候 change has 劇的な altered the スイスの アルプス山脈 by transforming glaciers into nearly 1,200 new lakes since 1850 ? and 1,000 of them still 存在する today.?

A team of scientists from the スイスの 連邦の 学校／設ける of Aquatic Science and 科学（工学）技術 (Eawag) 連合させるd 空中の photo data of the 大規模な mountain 範囲 and years of data on glaciers in Switzerland to 決定する the 在庫 of lakes.

The 分析 also 明らかにする／漏らすd 180 of the 存在するing lakes had only been created from 2006 through 2016, when 18 new 団体／死体s of water appeared each year.?

によれば the scientists, glaciers lost a 十分な two パーセント of their 容積／容量 in 2020 alone.

気候 change has 劇的な altered the スイスの アルプス山脈 by transforming glaciers into nearly 1,200 new lakes since 1850 ? and 1,000 of them still 存在する today. Pictured is?Steisee, Canton of Berne

Scientists?警告するd that the growing number of glacial lakes 増加するs the 危険 of such 爆発s and thus the danger of flood waves for the 解決／入植地s below. Pictured is?Griesseeli, Canton of Uri, between Clariden and Klausenpass

A ４半期/4分の1 of the newly formed lakes have either shrunk or disappeared altogether.

For the 熟考する／考慮する, the?team 記録，記録的な／記録するd the 場所, elevation, 形態／調整 and area of the 1,200 lakes at different times, along with the type and 構成要素 of the dam, surface drainage and 記録，記録的な／記録するd 開発 of the lake.

The 査定／評価 showed that there was an 初期の 頂点（に達する） in glacial lake 形式 in the スイスの アルプス山脈 between 1946 and 1973, when nearly eight new lakes appeared on 普通の／平均（する） each year.

From there a 簡潔な／要約する 拒絶する／低下する was 観察するd, but then 選ぶd up again between 2006 and 2016, when 18 new lakes appearing each year on 普通の／平均（する）, while the water surface swelled by over 4,300 square feet 毎年.