'Don't be afraid to ask for help': Julia Bradbury 株 snap of sister styling her hair 地位，任命する-mastectomy as she calls on women with 癌 to look after their mental and physical health

Breast 癌 is one of the most ありふれた 癌s in the world. Each year in the UK there are more than 55,000 new 事例／患者s, and the 病気 （人命などを）奪う，主張するs the lives of 11,500 women. In the US, it strikes 266,000 each year and kills 40,000.?But what 原因（となる）s it and how can it be 扱う／治療するd?

What is breast 癌?

It comes from a cancerous 独房 which develops in the lining of a 導管 or lobule in one of the breasts.

When the breast 癌 has spread into surrounding tissue it is called 'invasive'. Some people are 診断するd with 'carcinoma in situ', where no 癌 独房s have grown beyond the 導管 or lobule.

Most 事例／患者s develop in those over the age of 50 but younger women are いつかs 影響する／感情d. Breast 癌 can develop in men, though this is rare.

行う／開催する／段階ing 示すs how big the 癌 is and whether it has spread. 行う／開催する／段階 1 is the earliest 行う／開催する／段階 and 行う／開催する／段階 4 means the 癌 has spread to another part of the 団体／死体.

The cancerous 独房s are graded from low, which means a slow growth, to high, which is 急速な／放蕩な-growing.?High-grade 癌s are more likely to come 支援する after they have first been 扱う／治療するd.

What 原因（となる）s breast 癌?

A cancerous tumour starts from one 異常な 独房. The exact 推論する／理由 why a 独房 becomes cancerous is 不明瞭な. It is thought that something 損害賠償金 or alters 確かな 遺伝子s in the 独房. This makes the 独房 異常な and multiply 'out of 支配（する）／統制する'.

Although breast 癌 can develop for no 明らかな 推論する／理由, there are some 危険 factors that can 増加する the chance, such as genetics.

What are the symptoms of breast 癌?

The usual first symptom is a painless lump in the breast , although most are not cancerous and are fluid filled cysts, which are benign.?

The first place that breast 癌 usually spreads to is the lymph nodes in the armpit. If this occurs you will develop a swelling or lump in an armpit.

How is breast 癌 診断するd?

• 初期の 査定／評価: A doctor 診察するs the breasts and armpits. They may do 実験（する）s such as a mammography, a special x-ray of the breast tissue which can 示す the 可能性 of tumours.
• 生体検査: A 生体検査 is when a small 見本 of tissue is 除去するd from a part of the 団体／死体. The 見本 is then 診察するd under a microscope to look for 異常な 独房s. The 見本 can 確認する or 支配する out 癌.

If you are 確認するd to have breast 癌, その上の 実験（する）s may be needed to 査定する／（税金などを）課す if it has spread. For example, 血 実験（する）s, an ultrasound ざっと目を通す of the 肝臓 or a chest X-ray.

How is breast 癌 扱う／治療するd?

治療 選択s which may be considered 含む 外科, chemotherapy, 放射線療法 and hormone 治療. Often a combination of two or more of these 治療s are used.

• 外科: Breast-保存するing 外科 or the 除去 of the 影響する／感情d breast depending on the size of the tumour.
• 放射線療法: A 治療 which uses high energy beams of 放射（能） 焦点（を合わせる）d on cancerous tissue. This kills 癌 独房s, or stops them from multiplying. It is おもに used in 新規加入 to 外科.
• Chemotherapy: A 治療 of 癌 by using anti-癌 麻薬s which kill 癌 独房s, or stop them from multiplying.
• Hormone 治療s: Some types of breast 癌 are 影響する／感情d by the '女性（の）' hormone oestrogen, which can 刺激する the 癌 独房s to divide and multiply. 治療s which 減ずる the level of these hormones, or 妨げる them from working, are 一般的に used in people with breast 癌.

How successful is 治療?

The 見通し is best in those who are 診断するd when the 癌 is still small, and has not spread. Surgical 除去 of a tumour in an 早期に 行う／開催する／段階 may then give a good chance of cure.

The 決まりきった仕事 mammography 申し込む／申し出d to women between the ages of 50 and 70 means more breast 癌s are 存在 診断するd and 扱う／治療するd at an 早期に 行う／開催する／段階.

For more （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） visit breastcancernow.org or call its 解放する／自由な helpline on 0808 800 6000