Indonesian 農業者s fight for their land in nickel 採掘 にわか景気
居住（者）s and 権利s groups say Indonesia's nickel にわか景気 脅すs land 権利s and 害（を与える）s the 環境
Three women with machetes stood guard at their farm 丘の頂上 on Indonesia's Wawonii Island, directing their blades に向かって the nickel 鉱夫s working in the forest （疑いを）晴らすing below.
"I pointed the machete at their 直面するs. I told them: 'If you scratch this land, 長，率いるs will 飛行機で行く, we will defend this land to the death'," said 42-year-old 村人 Royani, recounting a 最近の 遭遇（する） with some of the 鉱夫s.
The dig 場所／位置 is part of a 抱擁する 急ぐ to Indonesia, the world's largest nickel 生産者, by 国内の and foreign 企業s to 地雷 the 批判的な 構成要素 used in electric 乗り物 殴打／砲列s.
Royani (L) and others stand on their family land as they watch a nickel 採掘 操作／手術 on Wawonii
居住（者）s and 権利s groups told AFP the にわか景気 脅すs 農業者s' land 権利s and 害（を与える）s the 環境 in areas like Wawonii in the 資源-rich Sulawesi 地域, which is home to 黒人／ボイコット macaques, maleo birds and tarsier 大主教s.
- 'We were destroyed' -
直面するing the prospect of losing their land and 暮らし, around a dozen Wawonii 村人s take turns keeping watch from a hut surrounded by clove trees, waiting for trespassers as 機械／機構 roars below.
Royani, who goes by one 指名する, joined the 成果／努力 to 保護（する）／緊急輸入制限 the land after an Indonesian 会社／堅い （疑いを）晴らすd hundreds of her family's 熱帯の spice trees in January.
"When we saw there was nothing left, we were destroyed," she said.
Wawonii is?in the 資源-rich Sulawesi 地域
Royani said she wants to 保護する not just her family's land from その上の encroachment, but also her 隣人s'.
But the 農業者s are up against formidable adversaries.
急に上がるing 全世界の 需要・要求する for metals used in lithium-イオン 殴打／砲列s and stainless steel has 押し進めるd major economies such as 中国 and South Korea, と一緒に electric car 巨大（な） Tesla and Brazilian 採掘 company Vale, to 無 in on Indonesia.
Dozens of nickel 過程ing 工場／植物s now pepper Sulawesi -- one of the world's largest islands -- and many more 事業／計画（する）s have been 発表するd.
- 'I will continue to fight' -
Nickel 鉱夫 PT Gema Kreasi Perdana (PT GKP), owned by one of Indonesia's wealthiest families, has two 譲歩s on Wawonii totalling 1,800 ヘクタールs (4,450 acres).
Islanders said it is trying to 拡大する その上の, with 従業員s 繰り返して approaching them for land 会談 they never asked for.
PT GKP, the Indonesian 省 of Energy and Mineral 資源s, and the 地元の energy 機関 in Southeast Sulawesi all 拒絶する／低下するd to comment for this story.
"Even for 1 billion rupiah ($65,537), I don't want to sell," said cashew grower Hastati, 42, whose land has already been 部分的に／不公平に （疑いを）晴らすd.
The southeastern Sulawesi coastline has borne the brunt of the 環境の 衝撃 of the nickel 地雷s
Several 抗議する人s in Wawonii have been 拘留するd after the land 論争s 誘発するd demonstrations, 暴動s, and in some 事例／患者s 武装した 対決s.
Hastoma, a 37-year-old coconut 農業者, said he was 拘留するd for 45 days last year after 衝突／不一致s between 村人s and 鉱夫s.
Other 村人s have 封鎖するd 鉱夫s' 乗り物s and 始める，決める 激しい 器具／備品 on 解雇する／砲火／射撃, while some held 鉱夫s 人質, 抑制するing them with ropes for up to 12 hours.
"If I keep 静かな... where we live will be destroyed," Hastoma said, 追加するing that two ヘクタールs of his land were 掴むd after his 解放（する）.
"I will continue to fight to defend our area."
- Nickel museum -
While land 登録（する）s in many parts of Indonesia are 貧しく managed, a 大統領の 法令 問題／発行するd in 2018 recognised 農業者s' 権利s on 明言する／公表する lands they use.
特記する／引用するing a 2007 法律 designed to 保護する 沿岸の areas and small islands like Wawonii, 法廷，裁判所s have on several occasions 支配するd in favour of 原告／提訴人s contesting 採掘 投資s.
トラックで運ぶs 輸送（する） 国／地域 含む／封じ込めるing nickel 鉱石 in Pomalaa in southeast Sulawesi
But Jakarta is てこ入れ／借入資本ing its 資源s to entice 投資家s, with many land 論争s stemming from overlapping （人命などを）奪う，主張するs 予定 to a 欠如（する） of 適する 所有権 checks.
"The problem is, 許すs are often 片側だけに 問題／発行するd" by the 政府, said Benni Wijaya of the 国際借款団／連合 for 農地の 改革（する） advocacy group.
"After the 許す is 問題／発行するd, it turns out that people have been cultivating the land for years. This is what 運動s these 衝突s," he 追加するd.
の中で the 主要な international 投資家s are Chinese companies.
Indonesian 政府 data shows Chinese 会社／堅いs pumped $8.2 billion into the country last year -- more than 二塁打 the 2021 人物／姿／数字 of $3.1 billion.
In central Sulawesi, Chinese companies have 始める，決める up their own nickel 鉱石 過程ing 施設s and even built a nickel museum.
The 投資s have come at a cost, より悪くするing 汚染 and stoking 緊張s over poor working 条件s at Chinese-run 施設s, 含むing a deadly January 暴動.
- Red waters -
The southeastern Sulawesi coastline has borne the brunt of the 環境の 衝撃 of the 地雷s.
In a village in the Pomalaa 地域 of the island, stilt houses sit above rust-red sludge where children swim in murky waters.
Children swim in 汚染するd seawater in Pomalaa
汚染するd 国／地域 from nickel 地雷s brought 負かす／撃墜する the hills by rain has turned the 沿岸の waters of the 太平洋の Ocean a 深い red colour, 地元のs said.
"When there were no 地雷s, the water was not like this. It was clean," said 村人 Guntur, 33.
明言する／公表する-owned 会社／堅い PT Aneka Tambang Tbk (Antam) is の中で the 会社／堅いs that have 地雷 譲歩s in the area.
But Antam's 法人組織の／企業の 長官 Syarif Faisal Alkadrie told AFP "there has been no 採掘 activity" there.
"The company is always committed to 器具／実施するing good 採掘 practice 原則s" in its 操作／手術s, he said, 公式文書，認めるing that other companies had 譲歩s and operated nearby.
Fishermen have also 苦しむd from the 衝撃 of nickel 汚染, and Asep Solihin said he now has to sail much その上の than he used to for a catch.
"We are only just able to 生き残る," said the 44-year-old, who has been 伴う／関わるd in 抗議するs against the 採掘 事業／計画（する）s.
"Up the re it's 地雷d, 負かす／撃墜する there is mud. What about the next 世代?"
- 'What can we do?' -
Not all the 地元のs …に反対する the 事業／計画（する）s, with some 安全な・保証するing work thanks to the 投資s, while others have seen their small 商売／仕事s' 利益（をあげる）s rise.
Sasto Utomo, 56, built a 立ち往生させる 近づく the smelter in Morosi, where he sells 黒人／ボイコット pepper crab and fried rice.
"I fully support the factories. 以前 we could not sell. Thank God my income has 増加するd," he said, 追加するing he had bought a house and 農地 with 収入s.
Indonesia is Southeast Asia's largest economy, and the World Bank says it has made 抱擁する strides in poverty 削減 in 最近の years.
A nickel smelter operated by Virtue Dragon Nickel 産業 in Morosi
In a speech last month 大統領 Joko Widodo said the country would "keep moving" with the 目的（とする） of reaching developed nation status.
But 農業者s like Royani said they would 辞退する to 屈服する to the 産業の 運動.
"What can we do?" she said, 追加するing that she spends much of her day standing guard against trespassers.
They have been 軍隊d to defend their spaces or 潜在的に lose them forever, said Kisran Makati, director of Southeast Sulawesi Human 権利s 熟考する／考慮する and Advocacy 中心.
"There is no other choice."
