パナマ Papers 明らかにする／漏らす Hong Kong's murky 財政上の underbelly
Jasmine Li was still a student when she opened her first 沖合いの／海外の bank account through Mossack Fonseca Hong Kong, but the shady world she entered that day had been part of the city's underbelly for １０年間s.
The granddaughter of 中国's then fourth-階級d 政治家，政治屋 was の中で dozens 指名するd in a 広大な （武器などの）隠匿場所 of 文書s 漏れるd from the パナマ 法律 会社／堅い that have given a glimpse into how the rich and powerful hide their money.
But the いわゆる パナマ Papers, 解放（する）d by the International 国際借款団／連合 of Investigative 新聞記者／雑誌記者s this month, have also exposed the 重要な 役割 played by Hong Kong and Singapore in funnelling that wealth into 税金 港／避難所s.
The パナマ Papers have exposed the 重要な 役割 played by Hong Kong and Singa pore in funnelling wealth into 税金 港／避難所s ?Anthony Wallace (AFP/とじ込み／提出する)
Mossack Fonseca's Hong Kong offices were their busiest in the world, the ICIJ 分析 showed, setting up thousands of 爆撃する companies 含むing some linked to 中国's 最高の，を越す political 厚かましさ／高級将校連, the city's richest man, Li Ka-shing, and movie 星／主役にする Jackie Chan.
専門家s say the Asian 財政上の 中心s have already channelled billions into 税金 港／避難所s, and the Boston 協議するing Group 予報するs they will be the world's fastest-growing 沖合いの／海外の centres over the next five years.
"Hong Kong is 始める，決める up to make it 平易な for people to do 商売／仕事, and it is very 平易な to do 商売／仕事 here," said Douglas Clark, a barrister with one of Hong Kong's largest 議会s.
"But when it's 平易な to do 商売／仕事 then it's 平易な to do any type of 商売／仕事, 合法的な or 違法な."
沖合いの／海外の companies are not やむを得ず 違法な, but they operate on the fringes of what is 許すd and their opaque structures make it 平易な to 隠す ill-gotten or 政治上 inconvenient wealth.
They have 証明するd a boon for Hong Kong and Singapore, which are known not only for their 財政上の 専門的知識 but also light-touch 規則, discretion and 非，不，無-協調 with foreign 税金 当局.
Both are already on regulators' レーダs -- the EU 簡潔に 追加するd Hong Kong to its 税金 blacklist last year -- but 専門家s say they are ありそうもない to do anything to jeopardise the lucrative 沖合いの／海外の 商売／仕事.
- 'Turning a blind 注目する，もくろむ' -
住所／本籍ing 沖合いの／海外の has a long history in the 地域. In 1984, then 貿易（する）ing house Jardine, Matheson & Co, one of the most powerful companies in Hong Kong's 植民地の history, relocated to Bermuda 特記する／引用するing 反対／詐欺 cerns about the city's handover to 中国.
"Hong Kong's history as a 財政上の centre that specialises in turning a blind 注目する，もくろむ to things that would be 調査／捜査するd どこかよそで goes 権利 支援する to the 1960s," said 財政上の commentator Tom Holland.
Today, Chinese 投資家s use 沖合いの／海外の companies 合法的に in Hong Kong to bypass red tape, take advantage of 税金 breaks for foreign 投資家s and 回避する strict 資本／首都 支配（する）／統制するs.
Hong Kong University 法律 professor Douglas Arner said it has become "perfectly normal" for companies to park money from overseas 操作／手術s 沖合いの／海外の, as the city does not 税金 利益（をあげる）s made どこかよそで.
But their 普及した use has earned Hong Kong and Singapore 評判s for murky 取引, and the 税金 司法（官） 網状組織 階級d them の中で the least transparent places in the world in last year's 財政上の secrecy 索引.
In Singapore, seen as more rigorous in policing its 財政上の 部門, the TJN said a culture has 発展させるd of 施行するing the 法律 国内で but 許容するing the illicit money that flows in from 罪，犯罪s committed overseas.
"Singapore is not only a secrecy 裁判権... but also a 税金 港／避難所, 供給するing 非常に／多数の 税金 avoidance and 回避 適切な時期s," the group said in its profile of the city 明言する／公表する.
- 'They'll find snakes' -
Clark said 犯罪のs, 麻薬 売買業者s, email scammers and corrupt Chinese 公式の／役人s have turned to Hong Kong to try to hide their money 沖合いの／海外の.
But even when used 合法的に, 沖合いの／海外の companies can make it harder to 匂いをかぐ out 罪，犯罪.
地元の 株主 行動主義者 David Webb said three-４半期/4分の1s of companies 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）d in Hong Kong are 会社にする／組み込むd in the Cayman Islands or Bermuda.
Webb also 公式文書，認めるd that 在庫／株 交流 支配するs do not 要求する 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）d companies to say who owns any British Virgin Islands companies they make 取得／買収s from, その為に fostering 詐欺 and 汚職.
"I don't think there is any appetite in the 在庫／株 交流 to look under that particular 激しく揺する, because they'll find snakes if they do," he said. "They see tighter 規則 as a problem."
An 交流 広報担当者 said all companies have to 従う with the 法律 and 交流 支配するs, and those 会社にする／組み込むd in 中国 and Hong Kong count for more than half of the 交流's market capitalisation.
にもかかわらず the 論争, few 推定する／予想する 当局 in Hong Kong or Singapore to change their 規則s surrounding 沖合いの／海外の 取引 any time soon given how lucrative the 産業 is.
And, because the cities' own 法律s 港／避難所't been broken, 専門家s say even international 成果／努力s to stop 税金 cheats are ありそうもない to make any difference.
"If anything, this is going to make people even more careful when they 始める，決める up 沖合いの／海外の holdings," said Clark.
"People will make sure 投資s are structured in such a way that if they are ever 明らかにする／漏らすd, you won't be in trouble."
Hong Kong 当局 said they were aware of the パナマ Papers 主張s. Singapore's 通貨の 当局 said it was 調査／捜査するing and "will not hesitate to take 会社／堅い 活動／戦闘" against wrongdoers.
Hong Kong: Special 行政の 地域 ?John Saeki (AFP)
The logo of パナマ 法律 会社／堅い Mossack Fonseca is seen at the 入り口 of its Hong Kong office ?Aaron Tam (AFP)
Hong Kong is known for light-touch 規則 ?Philippe Lopez (AFP/とじ込み／提出する)
