South Sudan: five things to know
A Sudanese 難民 sits at a donkey-pulled-cart at a UN 難民 （軍の）野営地，陣営 in the city of Nyala, in South Darfur, on January 9, 2017
South Sudan, where the 政府 on Monday 宣言するd 飢饉 in some parts of the country, is 苦境に陥るd in an 経済的な 危機 予定 to a 破滅的な civil war.
独立した・無所属 since 2011, the world's newest country was （海，煙などが）飲み込むd by civil war in 2013 after 大統領 Salva Kiir （刑事）被告 his 競争相手 and former 副 Riek Machar of plotting a クーデター against him.
The 衝突 has left tens of thousands dead and more than three million 追い出すd.
Five things to know about the African nation:
- Economy in 廃虚s -
Oil 生産／産物 -- from which South Sudan 伸び（る）d 98 パーセント of its 歳入s on its independence five-and-a-half years ago -- has 急落するd by more than half and the country is struggling to 停止（させる） はびこる インフレーション.
Juba, which upon independence 相続するd three ４半期/4分の1s of the former Sudan's oil reserves, depends on its northern 隣人's oil 組織／基盤／下部構造 -- 精油所s and pipelines -- for its 輸出（する）s.
On Monday, UN 援助（する） 機関s said that 4.9 million South Sudanese, or 42 pe rcent of the 全住民, were going hungry, with 100,000 people 影響する／感情d by the 飢饉. It 脅すs another one million people in the coming months.
- War against イスラム教徒 north -
Before South Sudan became 独立した・無所属, it was the southern part of Sudan, which was the scene of two civil wars, …に反対するing おもに Christian and animist 謀反のs in the south and Khartoum's Arab-支配するd 政府. Millions died in the 衝突s.
Sudan's independence from Britain and Egypt in January 1956 原因（となる）d a first war in the south against northern 支配. The （許可，名誉などを）与えるs of 1972 brought an end to 17 years of 衝突, and the south was given a 手段 of 自治.
But in 1983, Khartoum 取り消すd on the （許可，名誉などを）与えるs, 抑えるのをやめるing another war between north and south. That 再燃するd an independence movement led by John Garang and his ゲリラ兵 反逆者／反逆する 軍隊, the Sudan People's 解放 Army (SPLA).
In January 2005, Garang 調印するd a peace （許可，名誉などを）与える with Khartoum which 免除されたd the south from sharia 法律 and 認めるd it six years of 自治 ahead of a 国民投票 on independence.
Garang was killed in a ヘリコプター 衝突，墜落 in July 2005 and was 後継するd as southern leader by Kiir.
- The world's youngest 明言する／公表する -
South Sudan 飢饉
On July 9, 2011, South Sudan 布告するd its independence, six months after 投票（する）ing by nearly 99 パーセント to 脱退する from the north. Kiir was sworn in as the coun try's first 大統領，／社長.
The international community, led by the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs, 中国, Russia and the European Union, 同様に as Sudan, quickly recognised the new African 明言する／公表する.
- Former 同盟（する）s become enemies -
Kiir and his former 副 Machar, were linked by a ありふれた 原因（となる） during the 反乱 against Khartoum before independence, but also by 民族の and political 競争s.
During the second Sudanese civil war, Machar, an 民族の Nuer, joined the southern 反逆者／反逆する SPLA, which was up to then おもに made up of Kiir's Dinka tribe. Machar …に反対するd Garang and his 同盟（する）s, 含むing Kiir, and created a 競争相手 group which 連合した itself with Khartoum, before reintegrating the SPLA in the 早期に 2000s.
Kiir 指名するd him as 副／悪徳行為 大統領，／社長, first in 2005 in the 半分-自治権のある South Sudan 地域, then in July 2011 after the South 伸び（る）d independence.
- 脅し of 集団殺戮 -
In December 2013, the new country descended into civil war when fighting broke out within the 国家の army, 土台を崩すd by differences fuelled by the 競争 between Kiir and Machar.
An August 2015 peace 取引，協定 was left in tatters when fighting broke out in Juba in July last year.
In 2016, the 国際連合 警告するd of 可能性のある 集団殺戮 and 民族の 洗浄するing, pointing to 性の and 民族の 暴力／激しさ 荒廃させるing the country.
