Retired 司法（官） Sandra Day O'Connor, the first woman on the 最高裁判所, has died at age 93

By Associated 圧力（をかける）

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WASHINGTON (AP) - Retired 最高裁判所 司法（官） Sandra Day O´Connor, an unwavering 発言する／表明する of 穏健な 保守主義 and the first woman to serve on the nation´s highest 法廷，裁判所, died Friday. She was 93.

O´Connor died in 不死鳥／絶品, of 複雑化s 関係のある to 前進するd dementia and a respiratory illness, the 最高裁判所 said in a news 解放（する）.

長，指導者 司法（官） John Roberts 嘆く／悼むd her death. "A daughter of the American 南西, Sandra Day O´Connor 炎d an historic 追跡する as our Nation´s first 女性（の） 司法（官）," Roberts said in 声明 問題／発行するd by the 法廷，裁判所. "She met that challenge with undaunted 決意, indisputable ability, and engaging candor."

In 2018, she 発表するd that she had been 診断するd with "the beginning 行う／開催する／段階s of dementia, probably Alzheimer´s 病気." Her husband, John O´Connor, died of 複雑化s of Alzheimer´s in 2009.

O´Connor´s 指名／任命 in 1981 by 大統領 Ronald Reagan and その後の 確定／確認 by the 上院 ended 191 years of male exclusivity on the high 法廷，裁判所. A native of Arizona who grew up on her family´s sprawling ranch, O´Connor wasted little time building a 評判 as a hard 労働者 who （権力などを）行使するd かなりの political clout on the nine-member 法廷，裁判所.

The granddaughter of a 開拓する who traveled west from Vermont and 設立するd the family ranch some three １０年間s before Arizona became a 明言する／公表する, O´Connor had a tenacious, 独立した・無所属 spirit that （機の）カム 自然に. As a child growing up in the remote outback, she learned 早期に to ride horses, 一連の会議、交渉／完成する up cattle and 運動 トラックで運ぶs and tractors.

FILE - U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor is shown before administering the oath of office to members of the Texas Supreme Court, Jan. 6, 2003, in Austin, Texas. O'Connor, who joined the Supreme Court in 1981 as the nation's first female justice, has died at age 93.(AP Photo/Harry Cabluck, File)

FILE - U.S. 最高裁判所 司法（官） Sandra Day O'Connor is shown before 治めるing the 誓い of office to members of the Texas 最高裁判所, Jan. 6, 2003, in Austin, Texas. O'Connor, who joined the 最高裁判所 in 1981 as the nation's first 女性（の） 司法（官）, has died at age 93.(AP Photo/Harry Cabluck, とじ込み／提出する)

"I didn´t do all the things the boys did," she said in a 1981 Time magazine interview, "but I 直す／買収する，八百長をするd windmills and 修理d 盗品故買者s."

On the （法廷の）裁判, her 影響（力） could best be seen, and her 合法的な thinking most closely scrutinized, i n the 法廷，裁判所´s 判決，裁定s on abortion, perhaps the most contentious and 意見の不一致を生じる 問題／発行する the 司法（官）s 直面するd. O´Connor 妨げるd at letting 明言する／公表するs 無法者 most abortions, 辞退するing in 1989 to join four other 司法（官）s who were ready to 逆転する the 目印 1973 魚の卵 v. Wade 決定／判定勝ち（する） that said women have a 憲法の 権利 to abortion.

Then, in 1992, she helped (1)偽造する／(2)徐々に進む and lead a five-司法（官） 大多数 that 再確認するd the 核心 持つ／拘留するing of the 1973 判決，裁定. "Some of us as individuals find abortion 不快な／攻撃 to our most basic 原則s of morality, but that can´t 支配（する）／統制する our 決定／判定勝ち（する）," O´Connor said in 法廷，裁判所, reading a 要約 of the 決定／判定勝ち（する） in Planned Parenthood v. Casey. "Our 義務 is to define the liberty of all, not to 委任統治（領） our own moral code."

Thirty years after that 決定／判定勝ち（する）, a more 保守的な 法廷，裁判所 did overturn 魚の卵 and Casey, and the opinion was written by the man who took her high 法廷，裁判所 seat, 司法（官） Samuel Alito. He joined the 法廷，裁判所 upon O´Connor´s 退職 in 2006, chosen by 大統領 George W. Bush.

In 2000, O´Connor was part of the 5-4 大多数 that 効果的に 解決するd the 論争d 2000 大統領の 選挙 in 好意 of Bush, over 民主党員 Al 血の塊／突き刺す.

Bush was の中で many 目だつ Americans 申し込む／申し出ing 弔慰s Friday. "It was fitting that Sandra became the first 女性（の） 任命するd to our highest 法廷，裁判所, because she was a 開拓する who lived by the code of the west," Bush said in a 声明. "She was 決定するd and honest, modest and considerate, dependable and self-reliant. She was also fun and funny, with a wonderful sense of humor."

Former 大統領 Barack Obama, who awarded O'Connor the 大統領の メダル of Freedom in 2009, 賞賛するd her for "(1)偽造する／(2)徐々に進むing a new path and building a bri dge behind her for all young women to follow."

O´Connor was regarded with 広大な／多数の／重要な fondness by many of her 同僚s. When she retired, 司法（官） Clarence Thomas, a 一貫した 保守的な, called her "an 優れた 同僚, civil in dissent and gracious when in the 大多数."

Thomas and Roberts are the only two members of the 現在の 法廷，裁判所 to have served with O'Connor. But all the 司法（官）s 重さを計るd in Friday with remembrances of her.

"司法（官） O´Connor´s 任命 was a pivotal moment in the history of the 最高裁判所 and the nation," 司法（官） Samuel Alito said at a public 外見 in Washington Friday night. "She will always be remembered as one of the most important 司法（官）s in the history of the 最高裁判所."

The newest 司法（官）, Ketanji Brown Jackson, said O'Connor "helped 覆う the road on which other jurists, 含むing me, now walk." 司法（官） Elena Kagan said O'Connor 裁判官d with 知恵 and "a will to 促進する balance and 相互の 尊敬（する）・点 in this too-often divided country."

O'Connor could, nonetheless, 表明する her 見解（をとる）s tartly. In one of her final 活動／戦闘s as a 司法（官）, a dissent to a 5-4 判決，裁定 to 許す 地元の 政府s to 非難する and 掴む personal 所有物／資産／財産 to 許す 私的な developers to build shopping plazas, office buildings and other 施設s, she 警告するd that the 大多数 had unwisely ceded yet more 力／強力にする to the powerful. "The specter of 激しい非難 hangs over all 所有物／資産／財産," O´Connor wrote. "Nothing is to 妨げる the 明言する／公表する from 取って代わるing ... any home with a shopping 商店街, or any farm with a factory."

O´Connor, whom commentators had once called the nation´s most powerful woman, remained the 法廷，裁判所´s only woman until 1993, when, much to O´Connor´s delight and 救済, 大統領 法案 Clinton 指名するd 司法（官） Ruth Bader Ginsburg. The 現在の 法廷，裁判所 含むs a 記録，記録的な／記録する four women.

The enormity of the reaction to O´Connor´s 任命 had surprised her. She received more than 60,000 letters in her first year, more than any one member in the 法廷，裁判所´s history. "I had no idea when I was 任命するd how much it would mean to many people around the country," she once said. "It 影響する／感情d them in a very personal way. People saw it as a signal that there are 事実上 制限のない 適切な時期s for women. It´s important to parents for their daughters, and to daughters for themselves."

At times, the constant publicity was almost unbearable. "I had never 推定する／予想するd or aspired to be a 最高裁判所 司法（官）," she said. "My first year on the 法廷，裁判所 made me long at times for obscurity."

に引き続いて her 退職, O´Connor 表明するd 悔いる that a woman had not been chosen to 取って代わる her. O´Connor remained active in the 政府 even after she retired from the 法廷，裁判所. She sat as a 裁判官 on several 連邦の 控訴，上告s 法廷，裁判所s, 支持するd for judicial independence and served on the Iraq 熟考する／考慮する Group. She also was 任命するd to the 名誉として与えられる 地位，任命する of （ドイツなどの）首相／（大学の）学長 at the College of William and Mary in Virginia.

O´Connor 特記する／引用するd her husband´s struggle with Alzheimer´s 病気 as her 最初の／主要な 推論する／理由 for leaving the 法廷，裁判所. After moving into an 補助装置d living 中心, John O´Connor struck up a romance with a fellow Alzheimer´s 患者, a 関係 専門家s say is not uncommon の中で people with dementia. The retired 司法（官） was relieved that he was comfortable and happy at the 中心, によれば her son, Scott.

On the （法廷の）裁判, O´Connor 一般に 好意d 明言する／公表するs in 論争s with the 連邦の 政府. She often 味方するd with police when they 直面するd （人命などを）奪う，主張するs of 侵害する／違反するing people´s 権利s. In 1985, she wrote for the 法廷，裁判所 as it 支配するd that the 自白 of a 犯罪の 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑う first 警告するd about his 権利s may be used as 裁判，公判 証拠, even if police 侵害する／違反するd the 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑う´s 権利s in 得るing an earlier 自白.

A 1991 決定／判定勝ち（する） written by O´Connor said police do not 侵害する／違反する the 憲法´s 禁止（する） against 不当な searches and seizures when they board buses and 無作為に ask 乗客s to 同意 to 存在 searched. In a 1994 決定／判定勝ち（する）, O´Connor said police officers need not stop 尋問 and 捜し出す 解明 when a 犯罪の 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑う makes what might have been an あいまいな request for 合法的な help.

O´Connor wrote for the 法廷，裁判所 in 1992, when it said 刑務所，拘置所 guards 侵害する／違反する inmates´ 権利s by using unnecessary physical 軍隊 even if no serious 傷害s result, and in 1993, when it 支配するd that 雇用者s may be 有罪の of 違法な 性の いやがらせ even in the absence of any psychological 害（を与える）.

In 2004, O´Connor wrote the 大多数 opinion that went against the Bush 行政 in 判決，裁定 that an American 国民 掴むd on the Afghanistan 戦場 can challenge his 拘留，拘置 in U.S. 法廷，裁判所s. "We have long since made （疑いを）晴らす that a 明言する／公表する of war is not a blank check for the 大統領 when it comes to the 権利s of the Nation´s 国民s," O´Connor wrote.

O´Connor once 述べるd herself and her eight fellow 司法（官）s as nine firefighters: "When (someone) lights a 解雇する／砲火／射撃, we invariably are asked to …に出席する to the 炎. We may arrive at the scene a few years later."

O´Connor 発表するd her 退職 in a one-宣告，判決 written 声明. She 特記する／引用するd her age, then 75, and said she "needs to spend time" with her family. Her 公式の／役人 辞職 letter to Bush was 類似して succinct. "It has been a 広大な／多数の／重要な 特権 indeed to have served as a member of the 法廷，裁判所 for 24 条件," the 司法（官） wrote. "I will leave it with enormous 尊敬（する）・点 for the 正直さ of the 法廷，裁判所 and its 役割 under our 憲法の structure."

"For an old ranching girl, you turned out pretty good," Bush told her in a 私的な call n ot long after receiving her letter, an 補佐官 said. Then, in the Rose Garden outside the Oval Office, he 賞賛するd her as "a discerning and conscientious 裁判官 and a public servant of 完全にする 正直さ."

O´Connor was 51 when she joined the 法廷，裁判所 to 取って代わる the retired Potter Stewart. A 事実上の unknown on the 国家の scene until her 任命, she had served as an Arizona 明言する／公表する 裁判官 and before that as a member of her 明言する／公表する´s 立法機関.

The woman who climbed higher in the 合法的な profession than had any other woman did not begin her career auspiciously. As a 最高の，を越す-階級d 卒業生（する） of Stanford´s prestigious 法律 school, class of 1952, O´Connor discovered that most large 法律 会社／堅いs did not 雇う women.

One Los Angeles 会社／堅い 申し込む／申し出d her a 職業 as a 長官. Perhaps it was that 早期に experience that 形態／調整d O´Connor´s professional tenacity. While 週労働日数s typically stretched to 60 hours or more, she 設立する time to play tennis and ゴルフ. Before her husband developed Alzheimer´s, they danced expertly and made たびたび（訪れる） 外見s on the Washington party 回路・連盟.

O'Connor's 生存者s 含む her three sons, Scott, Brian and Jay, six grandchildren and a brother.

In late 1988, O´Connor was 診断するd as having breast 癌, and she underwent a mastectomy. She 行方不明になるd just two weeks of work. That same year, she had her 虫垂 除去するd.

O´Connor was embarrassed in 1989 after 保守的な 共和国の／共和党のs in Arizona used a letter she had sent to support their （人命などを）奪う，主張する that the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs is a "Christian nation." The 1988 letter, which 誘発するd some 厳しい 批評 of O´Connor by 合法的な scholars, 特記する／引用するd three 最高裁判所 判決，裁定s in which the nation´s Christian 遺産 was discussed.

O´Connor said she regretted the letter´s use in a political 審議. "It was not my 意向 to 表明する a pers onal 見解（をとる） on the 支配する of the 調査," she said.

Funeral 計画（する）s were not すぐに 利用できる.

FILE - President Barack Obama presents the 2009 Presidential Medal of Freedom to Sandra Day O'Connor, Aug. 12, 2009. O'Connor, who joined the Supreme Court in 1981 as the nation's first female justice, has died at age 93. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, File)

FILE - 大統領 Barack Obama 現在のs the 2009 大統領の メダル of Freedom to Sandra Day O'Connor, Aug. 12, 2009. O'Connor, who joined the 最高裁判所 in 1981 as the nation's first 女性（の） 司法（官）, has died at age 93. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, とじ込み／提出する)

FILE - Supreme Court Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor poses for a photo in 1982. O'Connor who joined the Supreme Court in 1981 as the nation's first female justice, has died at age 9 3. (AP Photo, File)

FILE - 最高裁判所 Associate 司法（官） Sandra Day O'Connor 提起する／ポーズをとるs for a photo in 1982. O'Connor who joined the 最高裁判所 in 1981 as the nation's first 女性（の） 司法（官）, has died at age 93. (AP Photo, とじ込み／提出する)

FILE - Sandra Day O'Connor and Chief Justice Warren Burger pose for pictures at the U.S. Supreme Court building in Washington, Sept. 25, 1981. O'Connor will be sworn in as the first female justice of the Supreme Court later this afternoon. O'Connor, who joined the Supreme Court in 1981 as the nation's first female justice, has died at age 93. (AP Photo, File)

FILE - Sandra Day O'Connor and 長，指導者 司法（官） 過密な住居 Burger 提起する／ポーズをとる for pictures at the U.S. 最高裁判所 building in Washington, Sept. 25, 1981. O'Connor will be sworn in as the first 女性（の） 司法（官） of the 最高裁判所 later this afternoon. O'Connor, who joined the 最高裁判所 in 1981 as the nation's first 女性（の） 司法（官）, has died at age 93. (AP Photo, とじ込み／提出する)

FILE - Justice Sandra Day O'Connor poses for photos on the steps of the Supreme Court before being sworn in with her family on Sept. 26, 1981. From left are: Justice O'Connor's father, Harry Day; her husband, John J. O'Connor; her mother, Ada Mae Day; O'Connor; Chief Justice Warren Burger; and her sons, Brian, Jay and Scott. O'Connor, who joined the Supreme Court in 1981 as the nation's first female justice, has died at age 93. (AP Photo/Bob Daugherty, File)

FILE - 司法（官） Sandra Day O'Connor 提起する／ポーズをとるs for photos on the steps of the 最高裁判所 before 存在 sworn in with her family on Sept. 26, 1981. From left are: 司法（官） O'Connor's father, Harry Day; her husband, John J. O'Connor; her mother, Ada Mae Day; O'Connor; 長，指導者 司法（官） 過密な住居 Burger; and her sons, Brian, Jay and Scott. O'Connor, who joined the 最高裁判所 in 1981 as the nation's first 女性（の） 司法（官）, has died at age 93. (AP Photo/（頭が）ひょいと動く Daugherty, とじ込み／提出する)

FILE - Supreme Court Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor poses with Chief Justice Warren Burger after her swearing in at the Supreme Court in Washington, Sept. 25, 1981. O'Connor, who joined the Supreme Court in 1981 as the nation's first female justice, has died at age 93. (AP Photo/Ron Edmonds, File)

FILE - 最高裁判所 Associate 司法（官） Sandra Day O'Connor 提起する／ポーズをとるs with 長，指導者 司法（官） 過密な住居 Burger after her 断言するing in at the 最高裁判所 in Washington, Sept. 25, 1981. O'Connor, who joined the 最高裁判所 in 1981 as the nation's first 女性（の） 司法（官）, has died at age 93. (AP Photo/Ron Edmonds, とじ込み／提出する)

FILE - President Reagan presents his Supreme Court nominee Sandra Day O'Connor to members of the press in the White House Rose Garden, July 15, 1981, prior to their Oval Office meeting. O'Connor, who joined the Supreme Court in 1981 as the nation's first female justice, has died at age 93. (AP Photo, File)

FILE - 大統領 Reagan 現在のs his 最高裁判所 指名された人 Sandra Day O'Connor to members of the 圧力（をかける） in the White House Rose Garden, July 15, 1981, 事前の to their Oval Office 会合. O'Connor, who joined the 最高裁判所 in 1981 as the nation's first 女性（の） 司法（官）, has died at age 93. (AP Photo, とじ込み／提出する)

FILE - Supreme Court nominee Sandra Day O'Connor is shown speaking before a Senate hearing on her nomination to the U.S. Supreme Court in a Sept. 9, 1981 file photo. O'Connor, who joined the Supreme Court in 1981 as the nation's first female justice, h as died at age 93. (AP Photo/ John Duricka, File)

FILE - 最高裁判所 指名された人 Sandra Day O'Connor is shown speaking before a 上院 審理，公聴会 on her 指名／任命 to the U.S. 最高裁判所 in a Sept. 9, 1981 とじ込み／提出する photo. O'Connor, who joined the 最高裁判所 in 1981 as the nation's first 女性（の） 司法（官）, has died at age 93. (AP Photo/ John Duricka, とじ込み／提出する)

FILE - Supreme Court nominee Sandra Day O'Connor smiles during her appearance, Sept. 11, 1981, before the Senate Judiciary Committee on Capitol Hill. O'Connor who joined the Supreme Court in 1981 as the nation's first female justice, has died at age 93.(AP Photo/J.Scott Applewhite, File )

FILE - 最高裁判所 指名された人 Sandra Day O'Connor smiles during her 外見, Sept. 11, 1981, before the 上院 司法の 委員会 on （ワシントンの）連邦議会議事堂 Hill. O'Connor who joined the 最高裁判所 in 1981 as the nation's first 女性（の） 司法（官）, has died at age 93.(AP Photo/J.Scott Applewhite, とじ込み／提出する )

FILE - Supreme Court Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor listens to remarks by President Bush and U.S. Attorney General Alberto Gonzales after she administered the oath of office to Gonzales during an installation ceremony at the Justice Department in Washington, Feb. 14, 2005. O'Connor, who joined the Supreme Court in 1981 as the nation's first female justice, has died at age 93. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, File)

FILE - 最高裁判所 Associate 司法（官） Sandra Day O'Connor listens to 発言／述べるs by 大統領 Bush and U.S. 司法長官 Alberto Gonz ales after she 治めるd the 誓い of office to Gonzales during an 取り付け・設備 儀式 at the 司法（官） Department in Washington, Feb. 14, 2005. O'Connor, who joined the 最高裁判所 in 1981 as the nation's first 女性（の） 司法（官）, has died at age 93. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, とじ込み／提出する)

FILE - Judge Sandra Day O'Connor, smiles as she arrives for the start of her confirmation hearings before the Senate Judiciary Committee in Capitol Hill in Washington for the post of Supreme Court Associate Justice, Sept. 9, 1981. O'Connor, who joined the Supreme Court in 1981 as the nation's first female justice, has died at age 93. (AP Photo, File)

FILE - 裁判官 Sandra Day O'Connor, smiles as she arrives for the start of her 確定／確認 審理，公聴会s before the 上院 司法の 委員会 in （ワシントンの）連邦議会議事堂 Hill in Washington for the 地位，任命する of 最高裁判所 Associate 司法（官）, Sept. 9, 1981. O'Connor, who joined the 最高裁判所 in 1981 as the nation's first 女性（の） 司法（官）, has died at age 93. (AP Photo, とじ込み／提出する)

FILE - Sandra Day O'Connor waves as she arrives at the Capitol in this Sept. 10, 1981 black-and-white file photo, shortly after her nomination to the Supreme Court was confirmed by the Senate. From left, Sen. Barry Goldwater, R-Ariz., Attorney General William French Smith, O'Connor, Sen. Strom Thurmond, R-S.C., and Sen. Dennis DeConcini, D-Ariz. O'Connor, who joined the Supreme Court in 1981 as the nation's first female justice, has died at age 93. (AP Photo/Scott Applewhite, File)

FILE - Sandra Day O'Connor waves as she arrives at the （ワシントンの）連邦議会議事堂 in this Sept. 10, 1981 黒人／ボイコット-and-white とじ込み／提出する photo, すぐに after her 指名／任命 to the 最高裁判所 was 確認するd by the 上院. From left, Sen. Barry Goldwater, R-Ariz., 司法長官 William French Smith, O'Connor, Sen. Strom Thurmond, R-S.C., and Sen. Dennis DeConcini, D-Ariz. O'Connor, who joined the 最高裁判所 in 1981 as the nation's first 女性（の） 司法（官）, has died at age 93. (AP Photo/Scott Applewhite, とじ込み／提出する)

FILE - In this photo released by the White House, Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, the first female justice of the Supreme Court, is sworn in by Chief Justice Warren Burger in the court's conference room in Washington, Sept. 25, 1981. Justice O'Connor's husband John holds two family Bibles. O'Connor, who joined the Supreme Court in 1981 as the nation's first female justice, has died at age 93. (AP Photo/The White House, File)

FILE - In this photo 解放（する）d by the White House, 司法（官） Sandra Day O'Connor, the first 女性（の） 司法（官） of the 最高裁判所, is sworn in by 長，指導者 司法（官） 過密な住居 Burger in the 法廷，裁判所's 会議／協議会 room in Washington, Sept. 25, 1981. 司法（官） O'Connor's husband John 持つ／拘留するs two family Bibles. O'Connor, who joined the 最高裁判所 in 1981 as the nation's first 女性（の） 司法（官）, has died at age 93. (AP Photo/The White House, とじ込み／提出する)

FILE - Britain's Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher poses with U.S. Chief Justice Warren Burger, and U.S. Supreme Court Judge Sandra Day O'Connor, prior to talks at 10 Downing Street in London, July 25, 1984. O'Connor, who joined the Supreme Court in 1981 as the nation's first female justice, has died at age 93. (AP Photo/Pool/John Redman, File)

FILE - Britain's 総理大臣 Margaret Thatcher 提起する／ポーズをとるs with U.S. 長，指導者 司法（官） 過密な住居 Burger, and U.S. 最高裁判所 裁判官 Sandra Day O'Connor, 事前の to 会談 at 10 負かす／撃墜するing Street in London, July 25, 1984. O'Connor, who joined the 最高裁判所 in 1981 as the nation's first 女性（の） 司法（官）, has died at age 93. (AP Photo/Pool/John Redman, とじ込み／提出する)

FILE - Sen. Barry Goldwater, R-Ariz., and Supreme Court nominee Judge Sandra Day O'Connor, talk prior to the start of her confirmation hearings before the Senate Judiciary Committee on Capitol H ill, Sept. 9, 1981. O'Connor, who joined the Supreme Court in 1981 as the nation's first female justice, has died at age 93. (AP Photo)

FILE - Sen. Barry Goldwater, R-Ariz., and 最高裁判所 指名された人 裁判官 Sandra Day O'Connor, talk 事前の to the start of her 確定／確認 審理，公聴会s before the 上院 司法の 委員会 on （ワシントンの）連邦議会議事堂 Hill, Sept. 9, 1981. O'Connor, who joined the 最高裁判所 in 1981 as the nation's first 女性（の） 司法（官）, has died at age 93. (AP Photo)

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