Patchwork international 規則s 治める／統治する 貨物 ships like the one that 倒れるd Baltimore 橋（渡しをする）
The patchwork system of safety 規則s 付随するing to 大規模な 貨物 ships like the one that 倒れるd a major 橋（渡しをする） in Baltimore this week can 許す freight transporters to skirt oversight, critics say, making 海上の shipping what one 専門家 called "the weakest link in the transportation system."
The thousands of コンテナ ships that carry more than 80% of all goods moved around the world are 治める／統治するd by 支配するs 設立するd by the International 海上の Organization in London that are 施行するd by the さまざまな countries where ships are based and ports across the world. And many ships 飛行機で行く the 旗s of いわゆる countries of convenience that 申し込む／申し出 cheap 登録 料金s and 税金 breaks but may not have 強健な oversight.
"There´s no strong 組織／基盤／下部構造 for safety in 海上の," said Jim Hall, who led the 国家の Transportation Safety Board from 1994 to 2001. "And there´s a 欠如（する） of 適する oversight of what we have because the Coast Guard is essentially underfunded and doesn´t have the 適する 動員可能数 to do the many 職業s it is given to do."
Former U.S. Rep. Peter DeFazio of Oregon, who 議長，司会を務めるd the House Transportation 委員会 and tried to 改善する 規則s for １０年間s before leaving office last year, said the system encourages ship owners to 捜し出す out "the least-規制するd place in the world and the cheapest labor that you can 偉業／利用する and make money."
"The only 保護s we have are harbor 査察s when ships come to the U.S. さもなければ, it´s a pretty much unregulated, Wild West 産業," DeFazio said.
But regulators and ship owners defend the safety of the 産業 because 関わりなく w here a ship is based, it's still supposed to 会合，会う the same 基準s that countries and ports 施行する through periodic 査察s. 記録，記録的な／記録するs show that the the ship that struck the 橋（渡しをする） in Baltimore - the Dali - was last 検査／視察するd by the U.S. Coast Guard in New York on Sept. 13. によれば data from the shipping （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） website Equasis, the "基準 examination" didn´t identify any 欠陥／不足s. That was one of at least 27 査察s the ship underwent at ports around the world since it was built in 2015.
A コンテナ ship 残り／休憩（する）s against the 難破 of the Francis Scott 重要な 橋（渡しをする） on Thursday, March 28, 2024, in Baltimore, Md. After days of searching through murky water for the 労働者s 行方不明の after the 橋（渡しをする） 崩壊（する）d, 公式の／役人s are turning their attention Thursday to what 約束s to be a 大規模な 海難救助 操作／手術. (AP Photo/Matt Rourke)
Given the 抱擁する 量 of freight 配達するd around the world by some 90,000 ships of all sizes, 比較して few 事故s are 報告（する）／憶測d, によれば the International 議会 of Shipping 連合 of ship owners. 保険会社 Allianz 全世界の said only 38 大型船s were lost in 2022, which is 負かす／撃墜する 意味ありげに from the 1990s, when more than 200 ships were routinely lost each year.
"The 海上の 方式 of transportation merchant shipping is an incredibly, incredibly 安全な 方式 of transportation, not just here in the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs, but 世界的な," U.S. Coast Guard 副／悪徳行為 海軍大将 Peter Gautier said during a White House 要点説明 Wednesday.
The Dali was flagged in Singapore, which has one of the best safety 記録，記録的な／記録するs of any country where ships are based. It's not 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）d as one of the 42 countries identified as "旗s of convenience" by the International 輸送（する） 労働者s 連合. 当局 in Singapore have said they will 行為／行う their own 調査 into the 橋（渡しをする） 崩壊（する） and help U.S. 当局 get （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） they need from the ship's 管理／経営 company, Synergy 海洋 Group.
Aside from a problem where the 圧力 計器s for the Dali's 燃料 heaters were 設立する to be illegible last June during an 査察 in Chile and a 2016 衝突／不一致 in Belgium when it struck a 寝台／地位 used for mooring 大型船s in the port of Antwerp, the ship doesn't appear to have had many 問題／発行するs, によれば Equasis.
But another ship that w as owned by the Dali's owner, Grace Ocean, was banned from Australian ports for six months in 2021 after 当局 there discovered it had been underpaying its 労働者s and keeping them on board for months after their 契約s 満了する／死ぬd. The 13 労働者s on the Western Callao were 借りがあるd tens of thousands of dollars. Even though Grace Ocean owned both ships, a different company managed the Western Callao at the time.
University of Rhode Island Professor Douglas Hales said the Port of Baltimore has a strong 始める，決める of 規則s that appear to have been followed in this 出来事/事件. That 含むs when the Dali's 乗組員 問題／発行するd a mayday call after the ship lost 力／強力にする just before striking one of the 橋（渡しをする）´s columns. That 警告 許すd 当局 to stop 乗り物s from 運動ing の上に the 橋（渡しをする）.
"There doesn´t appear to be anything that the port 行政 could have done to 妨げる this," Hales said. "This appears to be a 失敗 of the 航海 system after the 大型船 left the port. And so far, there hasn't been anyone that said that there was an 出来事/事件 before the 大型船 left the port that people just ignored."
The 国家の Transportation Safety Board will 決定する if that's the 事例／患者 as part of its 調査 into the 原因（となる） of the 橋（渡しをする） 崩壊（する）, but it will be more than a year before the 機関 問題／発行するs its final 報告（する）／憶測.
Eight construction 労働者s who were filling potholes went into the water when the 橋（渡しをする） 崩壊（する）d, and two were quickly 救助（する）d. 捜査員s 設立する the 団体／死体s of two 労働者s on Wednesday, and the other four are 推定するd dead.
Roland Rexha, the 長官 treasurer of the oldest 海上の union in the country, the 海洋 Engineers' 有益な 協会, said it takes a major 災害 like the fiery train derailment in eastern Ohio last year or the パネル盤 飛行機で行くing off of a Boeing 737 Max 計画（する） midflight in January before the public realizes there is a problem in the transportation 産業s.
He said that with 海上の shipping 存在 the oldest transportation 産業, with its international 規則s that rely on many different countries for 施行, it may have the most problems.
"When I talk about those other transportation 産業s, the 海上の 産業 is the worst 違反者／犯罪者 of safety 違反s, of labor 違反s than any other 産業," Rexha said.
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Associated 圧力（をかける） writers Michael Kunzelman and Seung Min Kim 与える／捧げるd to this 報告（する）／憶測.
In this image 解放（する）d by the 国家の Transportation and Safety Board, NTSB 捜査官／調査官s on the 貨物 大型船 Dali, which struck and 崩壊（する）d the Francis Scott 重要な 橋（渡しをする）, Wednesday, March 27, 2024 in Baltimore. (Peter Knudson/NTSB 経由で AP)
A コンテナ ship 残り／休憩（する）s against the 難破 of the Francis Scott 重要な 橋（渡しをする） on Thursday, March 28, 2024, in Baltimore, Md. After days of searching through murky water for the 労働者s 行方不明の after the 橋（渡しをする） 崩壊（する）d, 公式の／役人s are turning their attention Thursday to what 約束s to be a 大規模な 海難救助 操作／手術. (AP Photo/Matt Rourke)
A コンテナ ship 残り／休憩（する）s against the wr eckage of the Francis Scott 重要な 橋（渡しをする） on Thursday, March 28, 2024, in Baltimore, Md. After days of searching through murky water for the 労働者s 行方不明の after the 橋（渡しをする） 崩壊（する）d, 公式の／役人s are turning their attention Thursday to what 約束s to be a 大規模な 海難救助 操作／手術. (AP Photo/Matt Rourke)
A コンテナ ship 残り／休憩（する）s against the 難破 of the Francis Scott 重要な 橋（渡しをする） on Thursday, March 28, 2024, in Baltimore, Md. After days of searching through murky water for the 労働者s 行方不明の after the 橋（渡しをする） 崩壊（する）d, 公式の／役人s are turning their attention Thursday to what 約束s to be a 大規模な 海難救助 操作／手術. (AP Photo/Matt Rourke)
