Century of 衝突/不一致s, 妥協 between UK, Ireland

DUBLIN (AP) ― Relations between Britain and Ireland have experienced a century of 反乱, terror and 条約s, 最高潮に達するing in this week's first-ever 公式訪問 by Ireland's 大統領,/社長. A look at 重要な flashpoints:

EASTER RISING

In 1916, Irish 国家主義者s 掴むd 支配(する)/統制する of 重要な Dublin buildings and 宣言するd a "一時的に" Irish 共和国. They spent a week fighting Irish police and British 軍隊/機動隊s; 466 people, mostly 非軍事のs, were killed. The 復活祭 Rising was 軍事的に doomed, but Britain's 決定/判定勝ち(する) to 遂行する/発効させる 16 ringleaders 燃料d support for その上の 反乱. One 指揮官, Eamon de Valera, 避けるd the 解雇する/砲火/射撃ing squad.

FILE - In this Wednesday, Nov. 27, 2013, file photo Sinn Fein's Martin McGuinness, right, and Gerry Adams attend the funeral of Catholic Priest Alec Reid Clo...

FILE - In this Wednesday, Nov. 27, 2013, とじ込み/提出する photo Sinn Fein's ツバメ McGuinness, 権利, and Gerry Adams …に出席する the funeral of カトリック教徒 Priest Alec Reid Clonard 修道院, West Belfast, Northern Ireland. Relations between Britain and Ireland have experienced many highs and lows in a century 示すd by 反乱, terror and 条約s. (AP Photo/Peter Morrison, とじ込み/提出する)

WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

From 1919 to 1921, the Irish 共和国の/共和党の Army 待ち伏せ/迎撃するd police and 兵士s in 追跡 of an Irish 共和国. As war 激怒(する)d in the カトリック教徒 south, the mostly Protestant north carved out a new British 領土 called Northern Ireland with its own 議会. Britain's 1921 条約 with the アイルランド共和国軍, 受託するd by most 反逆者/反逆するs, created a new Irish 解放する/自由な 明言する/公表する. It was functionally 独立した・無所属 but remained tied to Britain.

NO MORE MONARCH

De Valera, who …に反対するd the 条約, tore it up as 首相. His 1937 憲法 覆うd the way for southern Ireland to become a 共和国, 取って代わるing the British 君主 as Ireland's 長,率いる of 明言する/公表する with an elected 大統領/総裁などの地位. To British fury, he kept Ireland 中立の in World War II, 閉めだした 連合した ships from Irish ports and sent 弔慰s to Nazi Germany after Adolf Hitler's death.

RISING 'TROUBLES'

Northern Ireland, with its Protestant 政府 and 安全 軍隊s, 持続するd a peace built on 不平等. When カトリック教徒s 需要・要求するd equality in 雇用, 住宅 and 投票(する)s in the 1960s, Protestant 信奉者s of the Rev. Ian Paisley 直面するd them, often with police 支援.

In 1969, as カトリック教徒s 戦う/戦いd police in Londonderry and Protestants attacked カトリック教徒 homes in Belfast, Britain (軍隊を)展開する,配備するd its army as (国連の)平和維持軍s. カトリック教徒s turned 敵意を持った as the Protestant 政府 used the 軍隊s 主として to 戦闘 a newly 設立するd 一時的に アイルランド共和国軍. This group started 殺人,大当り police in 1970, 兵士s in 1971 and 工場/植物ing car 爆弾s in 1972.

BLOODY SUNDAY

With ツバメ McGuinness in 命令(する), the アイルランド共和国軍 in Londonderry 築くd road バリケードs to 封鎖する British 安全 軍隊s. In January 1972, the Protestant 政府 sent paratroopers to 直面する a 抗議する march there. 兵士s 嵐/襲撃するd 徹底的な a バリケード and 発射 13 非武装の デモ参加者/実演宣伝者s. As Britain exonerated the 軍隊/機動隊s, アイルランド共和国軍 support swelled. Britain 廃止するd the Protestant 政府 and again 課すd direct 支配する of Northern Ireland.

ELUSIVE PEACE

In 1973, Britain and Ireland struck a visionary peace 条約 for Northern Ireland. At its heart, a new カトリック教徒-Protestant 政府 would 協力する with the Irish 共和国. The 連合 直面するd 敵意 from both 味方するs and 崩壊(する)d in 1974.

The 無法者d Ulster Volunteer 軍隊 爆発させるd four car 爆弾s in the Irish 共和国, 殺人,大当り 33 非軍事のs, the deadliest attack of the 衝突. Direct 支配する 再開するd.

The アイルランド共和国軍 in 1979 killed Lord Mountbatten, a cousin of Queen Elizabeth II, 近づく his Irish 共和国 城. Two years later, 10 Irish 共和国の/共和党のs died in a 刑務所,拘置所 hunger strike. 投票者s elected their leader, Bobby Sands, to the British 議会 a month before his death by 餓死. Sands' victory 奮起させるd the アイルランド共和国軍's political 前線, Sinn Fein, to start contesting 選挙s.

CEASE-FIRES

まっただ中に rising Protestant 議会の 暴力/激しさ against カトリック教徒s, Sinn Fein in the 早期に 1990s discussed peace 条件 内密に with the Irish, British and U.S. 政府s. The 一時的に アイルランド共和国軍 中止するd 解雇する/砲火/射撃 in 1994, soon followed by the main 無法者d Protestant groups, the UVF and Ulster Defence 協会. Although marred by v iolations, these 停戦s 奮起させるd U.S.-led peace 会談 on Northern Ireland.

LONG GOOD FRIDAY

On Good Friday of 1998, after 22 months of 交渉s, chairman George Mitchell 明かすd a 包括的な peace 取引,協定 that Paisley …に反対するd.

It 提案するd a カトリック教徒-Protestant 政府, police 改革(する)s, British 軍の 削減(する)s, 仮釈放(する) for 議会の 罪人/有罪を宣告するs and 軍備縮小 of the アイルランド共和国軍 and Protestant ギャング(団)s. That final goal 証明するd a つまずくing 封鎖する. Sinn Fein 需要・要求するd seats in 政府 but the アイルランド共和国軍 辞退するd to 武装解除する.

When the アイルランド共和国軍 finally 放棄するd 暴力/激しさ in 2005, Protestant 投票者s had 決起大会/結集させるd to Paisley, who 需要・要求するd more.

The 行き詰まる was broken in 2007, when Sinn Fein 投票(する)d to 受託する the 当局 of Northern Ireland's police. Paisley formed a 政府 と一緒に McGuinness, the former アイルランド共和国軍 指揮官. The Democratic Unionist-Sinn Fein 連合 since has 治める/統治するd the country with 親族 harmony.

LEGACY

More than 3,600 have died in four 10年間s of 流血/虐殺 over Northern Ireland. Thousands more were maimed. Barely a family in the 州 of 1.7 million 避けるd scars of "the troubles." The simmering 衝突 still boils over into 暴動ing, 誘発する/引き起こすd by 論争s over the 陳列する,発揮する of British and Irish symbols and 伝統的な Protestant parades.

Small アイルランド共和国軍 派閥s 捜し出す to 粉々にする the 壊れやすい peace but their 時折の attacks have little 衝撃. Sinn Fein now 捜し出すs to 部隊 Ireland by building support in both parts of the island. 投票s show most Northern Ireland 居住(者)s, 含むing many Irish 国家主義者s, would rather stay in the UK.

FILE - In this Thursday, March 22, 2007, file photo Rev. Ian Paisley, Leader of the Democratic Union Party, smiles as he speaks to the press when he leaves 1...

FILE - In this Thursday, March 22, 2007, とじ込み/提出する photo Rev. Ian Paisley, Leader of the Democratic Union Party, smiles as he speaks to the 圧力(をかける) when he leaves 11 負かす/撃墜するing Street after a 会合 on the Northern Ireland 予算 with British (ドイツなどの)首相/(大学の)学長 Gordon Brown, London. Relations between Britain and Ireland have experienced many highs and lows in a century 示すd by 反乱, terror and 条約s. (AP Photo/Sang Tan, とじ込み/提出する)

FILE - In this March 3, 1939, file photo Eamon De Valera, centre, the Premier of Eire, arrives in Rome to attend the Coronation of Pope Pius XII in St. Peter...

FILE - In this March 3, 1939, とじ込み/提出する photo Eamon De Valera, centre, the 首相 of Eire, arrives in Rome to …に出席する the 載冠(式)/即位(式) of ローマ法王 Pius XII in St. Peter?s, Rome. Relations between Britain and Ireland have experienced many highs and lows in a century 示すd by 反乱, terror and 条約s. (AP Photo, とじ込み/提出する)

The President of Ireland Michael D. Higgins, centre, prepares to inspect a Guard of Honour with Britain's Prince Philip, right, at Windsor Castle in Windsor,...

The 大統領 of Ireland Michael D. Higgins, centre, 準備するs to 検査/視察する a Guard of Honour with Britain's Prince Philip, 権利, at Windsor 城 in Windsor, England, Tuesday April 8, 2014. The Irish 大統領 and his wife Sabina are 乗る,着手するing on a four day 明言する/公表する Visit to Britain, and will stay at Windsor 城 as guests of Queen Elizabeth. (AP Photo / Neil Hall)

FILE - In this Tuesday, May 8, 2007, file photo, Northern Ireland's First Minister Ian Paisley and Deputy First Minister Martin McGuinness smile after being ...

FILE - In this Tuesday, May 8, 2007, とじ込み/提出する photo, Northern Ireland's First 大臣 Ian Paisley and 副 First 大臣 ツバメ McGuinness smile after 存在 sworn in as 大臣s of the Northern Ireland 議会, at the Stormont 議会の Building, Belfast. Relations between Britain and Ireland have experienced many highs and lows in a century 示すd by 反乱, terror and 条約s. The 行き詰まる was broken in 2007, when Sinn Fein 投票(する)d to 受託する the 当局 of Northern Ireland?s police 軍隊. Paisley then stunned Northern Ireland by agreeing to form a 連合 と一緒に McGuinness, the former アイルランド共和国軍 指揮官. The Democratic Unionist-Sinn Fein 連合 since has 治める/統治するd the country with few 列/漕ぐ/騒動s and surprising 安定. (AP Photo/Paul 約束, Pool, とじ込み/提出する)

FILE - This Saturday, Feb. 10, 1996, file photo shows the destruction of a bomb blast at South Quay in London's Docklands area in which 30 people were injure...

FILE - This Saturday, Feb. 10, 1996, とじ込み/提出する photo shows the 破壊 of a 爆弾 爆破 at South Quay in London's Docklands area in which 30 people were 負傷させるd. The 爆弾 爆発するd 近づく Britain's tallest high-rise, Canary Wharf Tower, just an hour after the アイルランド共和国軍 発表するd Friday it was 中止するing a one and a half year-old 停戦. Relations between Britain and Ireland have experienced many highs and lows in a century 示すd by 反乱, terror and 条約s. (AP Photo/Alastair 認める, とじ込み/提出する)

FILE - In this Aug. 27, 1979 file photo, workers lift an unidentified body from a small boat in Mullaghmore harbor after an explosion aboard a fishing boat k...

FILE - In this Aug. 27, 1979 とじ込み/提出する photo, 労働者s 解除する an 身元不明の 団体/死体 from a small boat in Mullaghmore harbor after an 爆発 船内に a fishing boat killed Earl Mountbatten and two other people in Ireland. Mountbatten was setting out on a fishing trip with a family party when the boat 爆発するd at Donegal Bay. The 爆弾 was 工場/植物d by the Irish 共和国の/共和党の Army. Britain and Ireland joined the European 経済的な Community in 1973 and, that year, struck a 調停(の) 条約 on Northern Ireland. It created a カトリック教徒-Protestant 政府 誓約(する)d to 協力する with the Irish 共和国. The 連合 直面するd 対立 both from most Protestants, who didn?t want to 株 力/強力にする with the Irish 少数,小数派, and the 一時的に アイルランド共和国軍, which 手配中の,お尋ね者 Northern Ireland overthrown, not 改革(する)d. 力/強力にする-株ing 崩壊(する)d in May 1974 as Protestant hard-liners brought Northern Ireland to a 黒人/ボイコットd-out 行き詰まり and 爆発させるd four no-警告 car 爆弾s in the Irish 共和国, 殺人,大当り 33 非軍事のs, the deadliest attack of the entire 衝突. Years of 軍の attrition followed, 示すd by the アイルランド共和国軍?s 1979 殺人,大当り of Lord Mountbatten, the queen?s cousin, and by a 1981 刑務所,拘置所 hunger strike that left 10 Irish 共和国の/共和党のs dead. (AP Photo, とじ込み/提出する)

FILE - In this Feb. 2, 1972, file photo Pallbearers carry one of 13 coffins of Bloody Sunday victims to a graveside during a funeral in Derry, Northern Irela...

FILE - In this Feb. 2, 1972, とじ込み/提出する photo Pallbearers carry one of 13 棺s of 血まみれの Sunday 犠牲者s to a graveside during a funeral in Derry, Northern Ireland, に引き続いて requiem 集まり at nearby St. Mary's church at Creggan Hill. About 10,000 people 株d in the funeral services. 血まみれの Sunday occurred when the アイルランド共和国軍 in Londonderry under the 命令(する) of ツバメ McGuinness 築くd roadblocks that (判決などを)下すd カトリック教徒 地区s of Northern Ireland?s second-largest city off-限界s to police and 軍隊/機動隊s. The Protestant 政府 (軍隊を)展開する,配備するd Britain?s toughest 軍の 部隊, the paratroopers, to 直面する an 違法な march in January 1972. 兵士s 嵐/襲撃するd through the アイルランド共和国軍 バリケードs and 発射 13 非武装の 抗議する人s. As Britain exonerated the 軍隊/機動隊s? 活動/戦闘s, カトリック教徒 support for the アイルランド共和国軍 swelled. Britain 廃止するd the Protestant 政府 and took direct 支配(する)/統制する of Northern Ireland as 1972 became the deadliest year of 衝突, with more than 470 dead. (AP Photo, とじ込み/提出する)

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