政策 Prescriptions: Clinton and Trump on health care
WASHINGTON (AP) ― Hillary Clinton has been 伴う／関わるd in the nation's health care 審議 for more than 20 years and, as her （選挙などの）運動をする likes to say, she has the scars to 証明する it.
The Democratic 大統領の 候補者 failed in her 1990s 成果／努力 to steer her husband's 全世界の／万国共通の ニュース報道 program through 議会, as the コンビナート／複合体 計画（する） 崩壊（する）d for 欠如（する） of political support. Since then, she has tacked いつかs to the 権利 on health care, and いつかs to the left.
Clinton is （選挙などの）運動をするing as the 候補者 of 連続 and would leave all major health care programs in place. She has a long 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる） of tweaks and 調整s that 反映する her familiarity with 政策 and would 拡大する the 政府's 役割 in health care.
Donald Trump calls 大統領 Barack Obama's health care 法律 "a 災害," and 公約するs to 廃止する it. He'd 供給する a new 税金 deduction for health 保険 賞与金s, but also 限界 連邦の support for Medicaid, which covers low-income people. An 独立した・無所属 分析 recently 概算の his seven-point 計画（する） would 原因（となる） 20 million people to lose ニュース報道.
Trump's ideas on health care have 転換d over time, and his 最新の 計画（する） hews to basic GOP talking points. He's 表明するd a belief that an economically 先進国 like the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs can't have people "dying in the street" for 欠如（する） of 医療の care.
Here is a 要約 of their 提案s:
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MEDICARE
The 政府's 首相 health 保険 program covers about 57 million people, 含むing 48 million 上級のs and 9 million 無能にするd people under age 65. It enjoys strong support from 投票者s across the political spectrum, although its long-称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 財政上の 見通し is uncertain.
CLINTON: She would 権限を与える Medicare to 交渉する 麻薬 prices with 製薬の companies, and she supports 許すing 患者s to 輸入する lower-cost prescriptions from abroad. Medicare 受益者s 代表する a big 株 of the market for 医薬s.
Clinton would also 許す people ages 55-64 to buy into Medicare, although her （選挙などの）運動をする has not 解放（する）d much 詳細（に述べる） on how that would work.
TRUMP: He 約束s not to 削減（する） Medicare, and has 示唆するd that other 共和国の／共和党のs like House （衆議院の）議長 Paul Ryan made a political mistake by calling for major changes. But it remains 不明瞭な how Trump's 提案するd 廃止する of "Obamacare" would 影響する／感情 its 改良s to Medicare 利益s, 含むing の近くにing the prescription 麻薬 ニュース報道 gap known as the "doughnut 穴を開ける."
Earlier, Trump spoke approvingly of giving Medicare 合法的な 当局 to 交渉する prescription 麻薬 prices, but that idea 現在／一般に is not について言及するd in his health care 計画（する）. Instead, he also supports 許すing 麻薬 輸入.
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MEDICAID
The 連邦の-明言する／公表する program for low-income individuals covers more than 70 million people, from 妊娠している women and children to 年輩の nursing home 居住（者）s. Under Obama's health care 法律, 明言する／公表するs can 拡大する the program to 含む more low-income adults. Medicaid has いつかs carried a social stigma, but 投票s show the program has a solid base of public support.
CLINTON: She'd work to e xpand Medicaid in the 19 明言する／公表するs that have yet to take advantage of the health 法律. She's 提案するing three years of 十分な 連邦の 基金ing for those 明言する／公表するs, the same 取引，協定 given to 明言する／公表するs that embraced the 法律 権利 away.
TRUMP: In 2015 Trump told an interviewer: "I'm not going to 削減（する） Social 安全 like every other 共和国の／共和党の. And I'm not going to 削減（する） Medicare or Medicaid. Every other 共和国の／共和党の's going to 削減（する）."
But his （選挙などの）運動をする 計画（する） would 変える Medicaid into a 封鎖する 認める, ending the open-ended 連邦の entitlement and capping 基金ing from Washington. Over time, such an approach is likely to result in a big 削減（する）.
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PRIVATE INSURANCE
About 177 million people under age 65 have 私的な health 保険, with nearly 9 in 10 getting their ニュース報道 through an 雇用者. Rising out-of-pocket costs such as 保険 deductibles and copayments are a sore point with 消費者s.
CLINTON: She has 提案するd a new 税金 credit of up to $5,000 per family, or $2,500 for an individual, for 世帯s that 直面する "過度の" out-of-pocket costs. The credit would be refundable, meaning that people who don't 借りがある 所得税 could still get money 支援する. An 独立した・無所属 分析 of her 計画（する） defined "過度の" costs as 越えるing 5 パーセント of 世帯 income.
Clinton would also 要求する 保険会社s to cover three sick visits to the doctor each year without 患者s needing first to 会合，会う their 計画（する）'s deductible, the 年次の 量 患者s 支払う／賃金 before their 保険 kicks in.
TRUMP: He has no 類似の 提案s on out-of-pocket expenses but has called for 要求するing hospitals, clinics and doctors to 公表する／暴露する prices so 患者s can shop around to 減ずる costs. And he would 拡大する the use of 税金-避難所d he alth 貯金 accounts, used to 支払う／賃金 for 医療の expenses not covered by 保険.
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PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
More than half of U.S. adults take prescription 麻薬s, and によれば a 最近の Kaiser Family 創立／基礎 投票 most of those 患者s 報告（する）／憶測 no major problems affording their own 医薬s.
But 消費者s have been alarmed by the introduction of 打開 麻薬s costing tens of thousands of dollars a year, along with a 洪水／多発 of seemingly 無作為の price 引き上げ（る）s for older 医薬s. More than 3 out of 4 say the cost of prescription 麻薬s is 不当な. A 大多数 好意s 政府 活動／戦闘 to 抑制（する） costs.
CLINTON: She has several 提案s, 含むing a new 政府 board with the 力／強力にする to penalize 麻薬 companies for "unjustified, outlier price 増加するs," a 月毎の 限界 of $250 on 患者s' copayments for prescription 麻薬s, lowering the period of 保護 from generic 競争 for biologic 麻薬s from 12 years to 7 years, and 要求するing 麻薬 companies to 供給する rebates for 医薬s used by low-income Medicare 受取人s.
Those ideas are on 最高の，を越す of Medicare 交渉s and 許すing 患者s to 輸入する lower-cost prescription 麻薬s from abroad.
TRUMP: In 新規加入 to 支援 麻薬 輸入, he also has called on 議会 to 除去する 障壁s to 競争 from lower-price, 平等に 効果的な 医薬s.
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'OBAMACARE'
The 2010 Affordable Care 行為／法令／行動する 拡大するd ニュース報道 for the uninsured and made carrying health 保険 a 合法的な 義務 for most people. It 申し込む／申し出s 補助金を支給するd 私的な 保険 for people who don't have 接近 to a 職業-based 計画（する）, along with a 明言する／公表する 選択 to 拡大する Medicaid.
About 11 million people are covered through the 法律's 私的な 保険 markets, while the Medicaid 拡大 has 追加するd at least 9 million to that program. It's 不明瞭な if all those people were 以前 uninsured, but 専門家s say the 法律 deserves most of the credit for 21 million 伸び（る）ing ニュース報道 since its passage. Americans, however, remain 深く，強烈に divided over "Obamacare."
CLINTON: She wants to 強化する Obama's 署名 法律. Clinton would 解決する a "family glitch" that 否定するs health 保険 補助金s to some 扶養家族s, sweeten 補助金s for people buying ニュース報道 on the health 法律's markets, and 申し込む／申し出 a new 政府-sponsored 保険 計画（する） to compete with 私的な companies.
Her 提案s would 拡大する ニュース報道 to about 9 million more uninsured people, によれば a 最近の 熟考する／考慮する by the 連邦／共和国 基金 and the RAND 会社／団体.
But Clinton would 廃止する the 法律's 税金 on high-cost 保険, known as the "Cadillac 税金." Many 経済学者s are 批判的な, 説 廃止する of the 税金 would 除去する a ブレーキ on costs.
TRUMP: He would 完全に 廃止する the 2010 法律 and start over again. Trump has 提案するd a 税金 deduction for health 保険 賞与金s, and also 許すing 保険会社s to sell 政策s across 明言する／公表する lines, a 長年の GOP idea.
Critics say a deduction, usually （人命などを）奪う，主張するd after the end of the 税金 year, wouldn't do much to help lower-income people squeezed to 支払う／賃金 賞与金s.
And the idea of selling across 明言する／公表する lines has been …に反対するd in the past by 明言する／公表する 保険 commissioners and 弁護士／代理人／検事s general, who 警告するd that it would undercut 消費者 保護s. The 保険 産業 is divided, with smaller companies 恐れるing it would 好意 major 保険会社s.
