Scholars: '自由主義の' 評判 of 9th 回路・連盟 overblown
SEATTLE (AP) ― The 9th U.S. 回路・連盟 法廷，裁判所 of 控訴，上告s, which is 重さを計るing the 控訴，上告 関心ing 大統領 Donald Trump's (n)役員／(a)執行力のある order on 移民／移住, is the 連邦の 控訴，上告s 法廷，裁判所 保守的なs have long ridiculed as the "nutty 9th" or the "9th Circus."
Covering a 抱擁する 列 of 領土 ― nine western 明言する／公表するs 加える Guam ― the San Francisco-based 法廷，裁判所 扱うs far more 事例／患者s than any other 連邦の 控訴，上告s 法廷，裁判所, 含むing some 判決，裁定s that have invoked 熱狂的興奮状態 from 保守的なs over the years. の中で them: finding that the phrase "under God" in the 誓約（する） of 忠誠 is 憲法違反の, that the "don't ask, don't tell" 政策 on gays in the 軍の was problematic long before 大統領 Barack Obama's 行政 ended it, and that 明言する／公表するs can 軍隊 pharmacies to dispense 緊急 contraceptives.
But some 合法的な scholars say the 9th 回路・連盟's 自由主義の 評判 is overblown and that the 法廷，裁判所 has moved to the middle as some of 大統領 Jimmy Carter's 任命された人s ― who were considered 極端に 自由主義の ― have taken 半分-retired "上級の" status or passed away. A Democratic 議会 nearly 二塁打d the number of 裁判官s on the 法廷，裁判所 during Carter's 任期, and his 任命された人s 直面するd 平易な 確定／確認 in the 上院.
FILE--In this Sept. 8, 2014, pool とじ込み／提出する photo, Hawaii 副 司法長官 Robert Nakatsuji 現在のs arguments on the gay marriage 禁止（する） in Hawaii at the 9th U.S. 回路・連盟 法廷，裁判所 of 控訴，上告s in San Francisco, Calif. The 連邦の 控訴裁判所 is 審理，公聴会 arguments whether to 復帰させる 大統領 Donald Trump's 移民／移住 travel 禁止（する）. (AP Photo/Jeff Chiu, Pool)
大統領 George W. Bush 任命するd six of the 法廷，裁判所's 25 active 裁判官s, but 18 have been 任命するd by 民主党員s, though the seven 任命するd by 大統領 Barack Obama are 一般に considered 穏健な, said University of Richmond 法律 School Professor Carl Tobias.
Tobias called the notion that the 9th 回路・連盟 is 自由主義の "時代遅れの." Arthur Hellman, a 連邦の 法廷，裁判所s scholar at University of Pittsburgh 法律 School, said the picture of where the 法廷，裁判所 stands in relation to other 回路・連盟s has become muddier.
"The 評判 is certainly deserved based on the history of the last 40 years or so," Hellman said Monday. "It's been more 自由主義の, by which we mean more 同情的な to habeas petitioners, civil 権利s 原告／提訴人s, anti-信用 事例／患者s, 移民／移住 事例／患者s. But it's いっそう少なく of an outlier now than it was."
That history has 誘発するd repeated, 不成功の 成果／努力s to 分裂（する） the 9th 回路・連盟 ― most recently in 提案s とじ込み／提出するd this year by Arizona's congressional 代表. A 法案 introduced last week by Sens. John McCain and Jeff Flake would put Arizona in a new 12th 回路・連盟 with Alaska, Idaho, Montana, Nevada and Washington while leaving California, Hawaii and Oregon 加える Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands in the 9th 回路・連盟.
A House 見解／翻訳／版 以前 introduced by Reps. Andy Biggs and four other Arizona 共和国の／共和党の 代表者／国会議員s would leave Washington in the 9th 回路・連盟.
In a news 解放（する）, Biggs said his 目的（とする） was "to 解放する／自由な Arizona from the burdensome and undue 影響（力） of the 9th 回路・連盟 法廷，裁判所."
"As a 約束 to my 選挙権を持つ／選挙人s last year, I introduced this 法案 to 保護する Arizona from a 連邦の 回路・連盟 法廷，裁判所 that does not 反映する the values nor 法律s of our 明言する／公表する," he said. "The Ninth 回路・連盟 cannot 扱う the number of 明言する／公表するs 現在／一般に entrapped within its 裁判権, 原因（となる）ing 接近 to 司法（官） to be 延期するd."
Tobias said that while the 9th 回路・連盟 could use more 裁判官s, it makes little sense to 分裂（する） the 回路・連盟. California 生成するs so many 事例／患者s that the 9th is always going to have a 激しい workload ― it 扱うd 11,888 of the 56,244 事例／患者s 扱うd by all 連邦の 控訴，上告s 法廷，裁判所s in the 12 months ending last June. And Tobias said he doesn't consider the sort of judicial gerrymandering Biggs 捜し出すs as a valid 推論する／理由 to 分裂（する） the 法廷，裁判所.
裁判官 Alex Kozinski, the 回路・連盟's former 裁判長, once joked in a New York Times interview that far from splitting the 9th, he was hoping to acquire more 領土. He had his sights on Utah, for the good skiing, he said.
The three 裁判官s 重さを計るing Trump's travel 禁止（する） are on the 事例／患者 by virtue of having been 無作為に 割り当てるd to the 回路・連盟's 動議s パネル盤 for this month. 上級の 回路・連盟 裁判官 William C. Canby Jr. was 任命するd by Carter in 1980; 上級の 回路・連盟 裁判官 Richard R. Clifton was 任命するd by Bush in 2002; and 回路・連盟 裁判官 Michelle T. Friedland was 任命するd by Obama in 2014.
Canby, who is based in 不死鳥／絶品, was a first 中尉／大尉／警部補 in the 空気／公表する 軍隊 in the 1950s before becoming a Peace 軍団 行政官／管理者 in Ethiopia and Uganda in the 1960s. Clifton, who keeps his 議会s in Honolulu, （機の）カム to the （法廷の）裁判 from 私的な practice, as did Friedland, who is based in San Francisco.
They were scheduled to hear arguments by phone Tuesday on whether to 持続する a 一時的な 抑制するing order 問題／発行するd by Seattle U.S. 地区 裁判官 James L. Robart that 封鎖するd 施行 of the travel 禁止（する） 関心ing seven 大多数-イスラム教徒 nations.
FILE- In this Sept. 18, 2014, とじ込み／提出する photo, Dennis Riordan, left, 弁護士／代理人／検事 for defenda nt Barry 社債s, argues before an 11-裁判官 パネル盤 of the 9th U.S. 回路・連盟 法廷，裁判所 of 控訴，上告s in San Francisco. The 連邦の 控訴裁判所 is 審理，公聴会 arguments whether to 復帰させる 大統領 Donald Trump's 移民／移住 travel 禁止（する）. (AP Photo/Eric Risberg, Pool, とじ込み／提出する)
In this 2008 photo 供給するd by Whitman College, U.S. 地区 裁判官 James Robart, 権利, 会談 with students at the college in Walla Walla, Wash. Robart 支配するd Friday, Feb. 3, 2017, in 連邦の 法廷，裁判所 in Seattle to 一時停止する 大統領 Donald Trump's travel and 難民 禁止（する）. (Greg Lehman/Whitman College 経由で AP)
FILE- In this Sept. 18, 2014, とじ込み／提出する photo, 回路・連盟 裁判官 William A. Fletcher, 権利, questions Asst. U.S. Atty. Merry Chan about Barry 社債s' 有罪の判決 before an 11-裁判官 パネル盤 of the 9th U.S. 回路・連盟 法廷，裁判所 of 控訴，上告s in San Francisco. The 連邦の 控訴裁判所 is 審理，公聴会 arguments whether to 復帰させる 大統領 Donald Trump's 移民／移住 travel 禁止（する）. (AP Photo/Eric Risberg, Pool, とじ込み／提出する)
