From restaurants to 暗礁s: 再生利用するing discarded oyster 爆撃するs
ON LAKE ATHANASIO, La. (AP) - If you slurp oysters from the half-爆撃する in New Orleans, you may be doing more than 満足させるing a culinary craving: You could be helping to 建設する 暗礁s that 環境の groups hope will save a bit of Louisiana's coastline.
Since 2014, restaurants have 与える／捧げるd nearly 2,600 トンs of 爆撃するs to the 連合 to 回復する 沿岸の Louisiana and The Nature Conservancy, which have already used a ４半期/4分の1 of them to 建設する a half-mile-long 暗礁 about 40 miles outside of New Orleans.
Tiny oyster larvae like nothing better than oyster 爆撃するs to 固く結び付ける themselves to as their 永久の home. Up to 10 of the larvae, known as spat, can stick to a 選び出す／独身 爆撃する. Left undisturbed, the 暗礁 grows up and out, 供給するing homes for other types of 海洋 life and slowing the waves that chew continually at Louisiana's coast. The oysters also filter up to 25 gallons of water a day, 改善するing water 質.
In a Friday, Nov. 18, 2016 photo, Richie Blink, left, of the 国家の 野性生物 連合, and Ben LeBlanc, 大統領，／社長 of LeBlanc 海洋 Construction, look over a 地図／計画する of the area where a 暗礁 was 建設するd from 再生利用するd oyster 爆撃するs in St. Bernard Parish, La. The oyster 爆撃する 再生利用するing program spearheaded by two 環境の groups in 調整 with area restaurants 目的（とする）s to take a waste 製品 that used to fill landfills and instead make it into a structure that tiny oyster larvae can latch の上に and grow. The structures in turn can slow 腐食 and 嵐／襲撃する 殺到する that is 速く eating into Louisiana's coast 同様に as 供給する other 環境の 利益s. (AP Photo/Janet McConnaughey)
For thousands of years, people have been 運ぶ／漁獲高ing oysters out of the sea, chowing 負かす／撃墜する on the ounce or so of meat inside, and then 投げ上げる／ボディチェックするing the 爆撃するs. 先史の Indians left oyster and clamshell heaps up to 600 feet long and 50 to 100 feet high on every U.S. coast. These days, the 爆撃するs either 結局最後にはーなる in landfills or are ground up into road 構成要素 or chicken 料金d.
Although Louisiana's oyster 漁業 is the nation's largest - producing nearly 6,600 トンs in 2015 alone - until recently the 明言する／公表する built shallow-water 暗礁s mostly of 固める／コンクリート or 石灰岩, not 爆撃するs. 再生利用するing oyster 爆撃するs was 奮起させるd by programs in other 明言する／公表するs, 含むing Texas.
A 245-foot-long, more-than-20-foot-wide 暗礁 in south Texas' Aransas Bay has had 明白な results since it was started in 2011, said Gail Sutton of the Harte 研究 学校／設ける at Texas A&M University. She points to Google Earth photos of a fishing pier at Goose Island 明言する／公表する Park in 2011, showing a thin white line of easily erodible sand nearby. Photos taken in 2016 show that sea grass has grown over the sand, its roots 持つ／拘留するing the 壊れやすい land more securely, she said.
事前の to the 暗礁's 取り付け・設備, "the wave 活動／戦闘 was so 厳しい that the sea grass could not latch 負かす／撃墜する and stay put," she said. "Now we're seeing it fill in. ... It's changing the whole 味方する of that one cove."
The new 暗礁 off Louisiana's coast, 完全にするd in November, consists of about 650 トンs of 爆撃するs, bagged and then placed into steel-mesh boxes known as gabion baskets 手段ing 6 feet long, 3 feet wide and 3 feet high.
The baskets, each of which 持つ／拘留するs 2 トンs of 爆撃するs, are laid end-to-end about 20 feet from shore, with gaps to match inlets in the 沼 along the shore of Lake Athanasio - really a 湾 Coast bay on the ragged 辛勝する／優位 of St. Bernard Parish. The 最高の，を越す is only about a foot below the surface at high tide, so 調印するs have been 始める，決める up to 警報 boaters.
"We're going to 手段 success by its growth over time," said Kim Reyher, (n)役員／(a)執行力のある director of the 連合 to 回復する 沿岸の Louisiana.
The remaining 爆撃するs already 寄付するd and those still 存在 追加するd go into 抱擁する heaps on land owned by the Department of 野性生物 and 漁業s, where they cure in the sun until they are ready to be used for 未来 暗礁s. The 明言する／公表する department doesn't 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金 rent, but gets a 百分率 of the 爆撃するs for its own programs.
New Orleans' 爆撃する-collection program has grown much faster than those in other 明言する／公表するs, thanks to a $1 million 認める that covered its first three years and let the 連合 to 回復する 沿岸の Louisiana and The Nature Conservancy 運ぶ／漁獲高 away 爆撃するs without 非難する restaurants.
But now that the 認める has 満了する／死ぬd, restaurants are 存在 asked to 支払う／賃金 about half the cost: $150 per 32-gallon collection 貯蔵所. その結果, more than half of the 26 参加するing restaurants have dropped out - 含むing one that 供給するd 484 トンs of 爆撃するs. That restaurant might have had to 支払う／賃金 as much as $3,000 a month to stay in the program.
The 連合 is 適用するing for 付加 認めるs to keep 基金ing the program; in the 合間, the restaurants that are sticking with it 含む some of the largest contributors. 全体にわたる, the 10 remaining restaurants 寄付するd more than one-third of the total received in the program's first three years.
の中で them is the No. 2 爆撃する contributor, Bourbon House, whose general 経営者／支配人, Steven Schnell, 見積（る）s the 再生利用するing program will cost the restaurant about $900 a month going 今後. Schnell says the restaurant has 供給するd about 334 トンs of 爆撃するs so far.
"It takes about 700 トンs to build one of these 暗礁s," he said. "So we're really proud of the fact that half a 暗礁 is coming 直接／まっすぐに from this restaurant."
This Nov. 17, 2016 photo 供給するd by the 連合 To 回復する 沿岸の Louisiana shows large piles of 爆撃する 存在 蓄える／店d in Buras, La., which were collected for an oyster 爆撃する 再生利用するing program. The program spearheaded by two 環境の groups in 調整 with area restaurants 目的（とする）s to take a waste 製品 that used to fill landfills and instead make it into a structure that tiny oyster larvae can latch の上に and grow. The structures in turn can slow 腐食 and 嵐／襲撃する 殺到する that is 速く eating into Louisiana's coast 同様に as 供給する other 環境の 利益s. (Sarah Pate/連合 To 回復する 沿岸の Louisiana 経由で AP)
This Nov. 16, 2016 photo 供給するd by the 連合 To 回復する 沿岸の Louisiana shows gabion baskets filled with 再生利用するd oyster 爆撃するs in Buras, La., before 存在 負担d の上に a 船 for 暗礁 construction. The oyster 爆撃する 再生利用するing program spearheaded by two 環境の groups in 調整 with area restaurants 目的（とする）s to take a waste 製品 that u sed to fill landfills and instead make it into a structure that tiny oyster larvae can latch の上に and grow. The structures in turn can slow 腐食 and 嵐／襲撃する 殺到する that is 速く eating into Louisiana's coast 同様に as 供給する other 環境の 利益s. (Nic Dixon/連合 To 回復する 沿岸の Louisiana 経由で AP)
This Nov. 16, 2016 photo 供給するd by the 連合 To 回復する 沿岸の Louisiana shows construction of a 暗礁 made from 再生利用するd oyster 爆撃するs in Lake Athanasio, in Saint Bernard, La. The oyster 爆撃する 再生利用するing program spearheaded by two 環境の groups in 調整 with area restaurants 目的（とする）s to take a waste 製品 that used to fill landfills and instead make it into a structure that tiny oyster larvae can latch の上に and grow. The structures in turn can slow 腐食 and 嵐／襲撃する 殺到する that is 速く eating into Louisiana's coast 同様に as 供給する other 環境の 利益s. (Nic Dixon/連合 To 回復する 沿岸の Louisiana 経由で AP)
This Nov. 16, 2016 photo 供給するd by the 連合 To 回復する 沿岸の Louisiana shows 機械／機構 placing gabion baskets 十分な of 再生利用するd oyster 爆撃するs to form a 暗礁 on the shoreline of Saint Bernard, La. The oyster 爆撃する 再生利用するing program spearheaded by two 環境の groups in 調整 with area restaurants 目的（とする）s to take a waste 製品 that used to fill landfills and instead make it into a structure that tiny oyster larvae can latch の上に and grow. The structures in turn can slow 腐食 and 嵐／襲撃する 殺到する that is 速く eating into Louisiana's coast 同様に as 供給する other 環境の 利益s. (Christa Russell/連合 To 回復する 沿岸の Louisiana 経由で AP)
In a Friday, Nov. 18, 2016 photo, 再生利用するd oyster 爆撃するs are seen in a gabion basket in Lake Athanasio, as part of a 暗礁 that was 建設するd in St. Bernard, La. An oyster 爆撃する 再生利用するing program spearheaded by two 環境の groups in 調整 with area restaurants 目的（とする）s to take a waste 製品 that used to fill landfills and instead make it into a structure that tiny oyster larvae can latch の上に and grow. The structures in turn can slow 腐食 and 嵐／襲撃する 殺到する that is 速く eating into Louisiana's coast 同様に as 供給する other 環境の 利益s. (AP Photo/Janet McConnaughey)
In a Friday, Nov. 18, 2016 photo, gabion baskets 含む／封じ込めるing 再生利用するd oyster 爆撃するs protrude out of the water where a 暗礁 was 建設するd in St. Bernard, La. The oyster 爆撃する 再生利用するing program spearheaded by two 環境の groups in 調整 with area restaurants 目的（とする）s to take a waste 製品 that used to fill landfills and instead make it into a structure that tiny oyster larvae can latch の上に and grow. The structures in turn can slow 腐食 and 嵐／襲撃する 殺到する that is 速く eating into Louisiana's coast 同様に as 供給する other 環境の 利益s. (AP Photo /Janet McConnaughey)
In a Friday, Nov. 18, 2016 photo, member of the 連合 To 回復する 沿岸の Louisiana walks out on a 暗礁 建設するd from 再生利用するd oyster 爆撃するs, in St. Bernard, La., Fr iday, Nov. 18, 2016. The oyster 爆撃する 再生利用するing program spearheaded by two 環境の groups in 調整 with area restaurants 目的（とする）s to take a waste 製品 that used to fill landfills and instead make it into a structure that tiny oyster larvae can latch の上に and grow. The structures in turn can slow 腐食 and 嵐／襲撃する 殺到する that is 速く eating into Louisiana's coast 同様に as 供給する other 環境の 利益s. (AP Photo/Janet McConnaughey)
This Nov. 16, 2016 photo 供給するd by the 連合 To 回復する 沿岸の Louisiana shows a section of the new oyster 暗礁, left of land 集まり in 中心 部分 of photo, made from 再生利用するd oyster 爆撃するs, on the shoreline of Saint Bernard, La. An oyster 爆撃する 再生利用するing program spearheaded by two 環境の groups in 調整 with area restaurants 目的（とする）s to take a waste 製品 that used to fill landfills and instead make it into a structure that tiny oyster larvae can latch の上に and grow. The structures in turn can slow 腐食 and 嵐／襲撃する 殺到する that is 速く eating into Louisiana's coast 同様に as 供給する other 環境の 利益s. (Nic Dixon /連合 To 回復する 沿岸の Louisiana 経由で AP)
