Nations to work on 抑制（する）ing 気候 change にもかかわらず Trump

By Associated 圧力（をかける）

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BERLIN (AP) - 政府s, scientists, 産業 groups and 環境の 選挙運動者s are 会合 in Germany next week to discuss 器具／実施するing a 全世界の 協定 to 抑制（する） 気候 change, にもかかわらず 不確定 over how the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs will 人物／姿／数字 into the 成果／努力.

大統領 Donald Trump 発表するd earlier this year that the U.S. will pull out of the 2015 Paris 気候 （許可，名誉などを）与える unless his 行政 can 安全な・保証する a better 取引，協定.

Other countries have 誓約（する）d to 圧力（をかける） on regardless at the Nov. 6-17 会合 in the western German city of Bonn. The 23rd 会議／協議会 of the Parties (COP) will be 統括するd over by Fiji, one of the small island nations 特に 攻撃を受けやすい to the 影響s of 全世界の warming.

FILE - In this file photo dated Monday, Dec. 1, 2014, a wind turbine overlooks the coal-fired power station in Gelsenkirchen, Germany. The UN Climate Change Conference 2017 will take place under Presidency of the Government of Fiji in Bonn, Germany and starts on Monday, Nov. 6, 2017. (AP Photo/Martin Meissner, file)

FILE - In this とじ込み／提出する photo 時代遅れの Monday, Dec. 1, 2014, a 勝利，勝つd turbine overlooks the coal-解雇する／砲火／射撃d 力／強力にする 駅／配置する in Gelsenkirchen, Germany. The UN 気候 Change 会議／協議会 2017 will take place under 大統領／総裁などの地位 of the 政府 of Fiji in Bonn, Germany and starts on Monday, Nov. 6, 2017. (AP Photo/ツバメ Meissner, とじ込み／提出する)

研究員s say extreme 天候 like the events of 最近の months - 含むing ハリケーンs in the Caribbean, heatwaves in Europe and flooding in south Asia - are going to become more たびたび（訪れる） as a result of 気候 change. To 妨げる 壊滅的な consequences, they say countries must make 一致した 成果／努力s to 転換 the 全世界の economy away from 化石 燃料s and to adjust to some 必然的な 衝撃s, such as rising sea levels.

"This COP is more important than most people realize," Andrew Steer, 長，率いる of the World 資源s 学校／設ける, a Washington-based 環境の think 戦車／タンク, said.

Steer said a growing number of かかわり合いs from 政府s, 同様に as from major companies and cities around the world was "概して encouraging." He 公式文書，認めるd the 落ちるing cost of renewable energy - a 重要な 科学（工学）技術 要求するd to help 力／強力にする-hungry economies kick the 炭素 habit.

Most of the 195 countries coming to Bonn - where the U.N. 気候 機関 is 位置を示すd - appear willing to continue 大打撃を与えるing out the 詳細（に述べる）s needed to make the Paris 2015 （許可，名誉などを）与える work, German 環境 大臣 Barbara Hendricks said ahead of the two-week 会談.

交渉者s will try to agree on ways to 手段 each country's 温室 gas 放出／発行s and to make sure everyone is playing by the same 支配するs. Since the Paris 協定 doesn't 予知する 許可／制裁s for countries that fail to 会合，会う their 的s, peer 圧力 is the main 機械装置 for 確実にするing that 政府s がまんする by their かかわり合いs and continue to 増加する their 成果／努力s in 未来.

A 重要な 問題／発行する will be the transparency of 放出／発行s 報告（する）／憶測s, said Nigel Purvis, a former U.S. 明言する／公表する Department 交渉者 under the 法案 Clinton and George W. Bush 大統領／総裁などの地位s.

The 部隊d 明言する／公表するs us ed to be the major 軍隊 押し進めるing for more open 報告（する）／憶測ing and that will 苦しむ because of the Trump 行政's planned 撤退 from Paris, he said.

"Without U.S. leadership the 取引，協定 is likely to take a little bit longer and may not be as strong," said Purvis, 大統領，／社長 of the group 気候 助言者s.

交渉者s have until the end of 2018 to come up with the final 支配する 調書をとる／予約する; it would be 支配する to 是認 at the next 気候 首脳会議 in Katowice, Poland.

観察者／傍聴者s say that without the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs 運動ing the 会談 - as it did in Paris when Barack Obama was in the White House - other leaders will have to fill the gap.

"The 部隊d 明言する／公表するs are not anymore the most important actor in this game of 気候 change," Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, director of the Potsdam 学校／設ける for 気候 衝撃 研究, said.

"The most important actor is 中国, and India will soon become 極端に important, 同様に as the European Union," Schellnhuber said.

Some are also placing their hopes in Emmanuel Macron. The French 大統領，／社長 is 推定する／予想するd to 飛行機で行く in on Nov. 15 to show his support during the final 段階 of the 会談. Macron has called for a follow-up 会合 in Paris next month.

German （ドイツなどの）首相／（大学の）学長 Angela Merkel, a 退役軍人 of past 気候 首脳会議s, will also put in an 外見 in Bonn にもかかわらず 存在 tied up in 交渉s to form a new 政府. The Green Party, with which she hopes to (1)偽造する／(2)徐々に進む a 連合, has 勧めるd Merkel to 始める，決める a 会社／堅い date for Germany to end the use of coal-解雇する／砲火／射撃d 力／強力にする 工場／植物s.

環境保護主義者 are planning to 最高潮の場面 Germany's continued 依存 on ひどく 汚染するing coal with a 抗議する at a coal 地雷 近づく Bonn.

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Geir Moulson and Pietro De Cristofaro in Berlin, Catherine Gaschka in Paris and Seth Borenstein in Washington, 与える／捧げるd to this 報告（する）／憶測.

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Follow Frank Jordans on Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/wirereporter

FILE - In this April 3, 2014 file photo giant machines dig for brown coal at the open-cast mining Garzweiler in front of a power plant near the city of Grevenbroich in western Germany. The UN Climate Change Conference 2017 will take place under Presidency of the Government of Fiji in Bonn, Germany and starts on Monday, Nov. 6, 2017. (AP Photo/Martin Meissner, File)

FILE - In this April 3, 2014 とじ込み／提出する photo 巨大（な） machines dig for brown coal at the open-cast 採掘 Garzweiler in 前線 of a 力／強力にする 工場／植物 近づく the city of Grevenbroich in western Germany. The UN 気候 Change 会議／協議会 2017 will take place under 大統領／総裁などの地位 of the 政府 of Fiji in Bonn, Germany and starts on Monday, Nov. 6, 2017. (AP Photo/ツバメ Meissner, とじ込み／提出する)

In this Dec. 19, 2016 file photo Chinese people wearing masks for protection against pollution exercise at Ritan Park during a heavily polluted day in Beijing. The UN Climate Change Conference 2017 will take place under Presidency of the Government of Fiji in Bonn, Germany and starts on Monday, Nov. 6, 2017. (AP Photo/Andy Wong,file)

In this Dec. 19, 2016 とじ込み／提出する photo Chinese people wearing masks for 保護 against 汚染 演習 at Ritan Park during a ひどく 汚染するd day in Beijing. The UN 気候 Change 会議／協議会 2017 will take place under 大統領／総裁などの地位 of the 政府 of Fiji in Bonn, Germany and starts on Monday, Nov. 6, 2017. (AP Photo/Andy Wong,とじ込み／提出する)

FILE - In this Feb. 14, 2017 file photo, smoke rises from chimneys of the coal-fired power plant in Bogatynia, Poland. The picture was taken from a hill near the town of Frydlant, Czech Republic. The UN Climate Change Conference 2017 will take place under Presidency of the Government of Fiji in Bonn, Germany and starts on Monday, Nov. 6, 2017. (AP Photo/Petr David Josek,file)

FILE - In this Feb. 14, 2017 とじ込み／提出する photo, smoke rises from chimneys of the coal-解雇する／砲火／射撃d 力／強力にする 工場／植物 in Bogatynia, Poland. The picture was taken from a hill 近づく the town of Frydlant, Czech 共和国. The UN 気候 Change 会議／協議会 2017 will take place under 大統領／総裁などの地位 of the 政府 of Fiji in Bonn, Germany and starts on Monday, Nov. 6, 2017. (AP Photo/Petr David Josek,とじ込み／提出する)

FILE - In this Sept. 19, 2017 file photo the morning sky is colorful illuminated behind wind turbines near Jacobsdorf, Germany. The UN Climate Change Conference 2017 will take place under Presidency of the Government of Fiji in Bonn, Germany and starts on Monday, Nov. 6, 2017. (Patrick Pleul/dpa via AP, file)

FILE - In this Sept. 19, 2017 とじ込み／提出する photo the morning sky is colorful illuminated behind 勝利，勝つd turbines 近づく Jacobsdorf, Germany. The UN 気候 Change 会議／協議会 2017 will take place under 大統領／総裁などの地位 of the 政府 of Fiji in Bonn, Germany and starts on Monday, Nov. 6, 2017. (Patrick Pleul/dpa 経由で AP, とじ込み／提出する)

FILE - In this March 27, 27, 1995 file photo then German environment minister Angela Merkel speaks on occasion of the UN summit on Climate in Berlin. The UN Climate Change Conference 2017 will take place under Presidency of the Government of Fiji in Bonn, Germany and starts on Monday, Nov. 6, 2017. (AP Photo/Jan Bauer,file)

FILE - In this March 27, 27, 1995 とじ込み／提出する photo then German 環境 大臣 Angela Merkel speaks on occasion of the UN 首脳会議 on 気候 in Berlin. The UN 気候 Change 会議／協議会 2017 will take place under 大統領／総裁などの地位 of the 政府 of Fiji in Bonn, Germany and starts on Monday, Nov. 6, 2017. (AP Photo/Jan Bauer,とじ込み／提出する)

FILE - In this Oct. 20, 2017 file photo morning smog envelops the skyline in Mumbai, India. The UN Climate Change Conference 2017 will take place under Presidency of the Government of Fiji in Bonn, Germany and starts on Monday, Nov. 6, 2017. (AP Photo/Rafiq Maqbool)

FILE - In this Oct. 20, 2017 とじ込み／提出する photo morning smog envelops the skyline in Mumbai, India. The UN 気候 Change 会議／協議会 2017 will take place under 大統領／総裁などの地位 of the 政府 of Fiji in Bonn, Germany and starts on Monday, Nov. 6, 2017. (AP Photo/Rafiq Maqbool)

FILE - In this Aug. 2, 2017 file photo the exhaust pipes of a VW Diesel car are photographed in Frankfurt, Germany.The UN Climate Change Conference 2017 will take place under Presidency of the Government of Fiji in Bonn, Germany and starts on Monday, Nov. 6, 2017. (AP Photo/Michael Probst,file)

FILE - In this Aug. 2, 2017 とじ込み／提出する photo the exhaust 麻薬を吸うs of a VW ディーゼル car are photographed in Frankfurt, Germany.The UN 気候 Change 会議／協議会 2017 will take place under 大統領／総裁などの地位 of the 政府 of Fiji in Bonn, Germany and starts on Monday, Nov. 6, 2017. (AP Photo/Michael Probst,とじ込み／提出する)

FILE - In this March 17, 2017 file photo a group of people, stranded in flood waters, hold onto a rope as they wade through flood waters to safety in Lima, Peru. The UN Climate Change Conference 2017 will take place under Presidency of the Government of Fiji in Bonn, Germany and starts on Monday, Nov. 6, 2017. (AP Photo/Martin Mejia,file)

FILE - In this March 17, 2017 とじ込み／提出する photo a group of people, 立ち往生させるd in flood waters, 持つ／拘留する の上に a rope as they wade through flood waters to safety in Lima, Peru. The UN 気候 Change 会議／協議会 2017 will take place under 大統領／総裁などの地位 of the 政府 of Fiji in Bonn, Germany and starts on Monday, Nov. 6, 2017. (AP Photo/ツバメ Mejia,とじ込み／提出する)

FILE - In this Nov. 30, 2011 file photo photovoltaic modules and a windmill are pictured in the village of Feldheim near Berlin, Germany. The UN Climate Change Conference 2017 will take place under Presidency of the Government of Fiji in Bonn, Germany and starts on Monday, Nov. 6, 2017. (AP Photo/Michael Sohn, File)

FILE - In this Nov. 30, 2011 とじ込み／提出する photo photovoltaic modules and a windmill are pictured in the village of Feldheim 近づく Berlin, Germany. The UN 気候 Change 会議／協議会 2017 will take place under 大統領／総裁などの地位 of the 政府 of Fiji in Bonn, Germany and starts on Monday, Nov. 6, 2017. (AP Photo/Michael Sohn, とじ込み／提出する)

File - In this Aug. 9, 2011 file photo, a pregnant Somali woman sits by a tree trunk at UNHCR's Ifo Extension camp outside Dadaab, eastern Kenya, 100 kms (60 miles) from the Somali border. The UN Climate Change Conference 2017 will take place under Presidency of the Government of Fiji in Bonn, Germany and starts on Monday, Nov. 6, 2017. (AP Photo/Jerome Delay,file)

とじ込み／提出する - In this Aug. 9, 2011 とじ込み／提出する photo, a 妊娠している Somali woman sits by a tree trunk at 国連難民高等弁務官's Ifo 拡張 （軍の）野営地，陣営 outside Dadaab, eastern Kenya, 100 kms (60 miles) from the Somali 国境. The UN 気候 Change 会議／協議会 2017 will take place under 大統領／総裁などの地位 of the 政府 of Fiji in Bonn, Germany and starts on Monday, Nov. 6, 2017. (AP Photo/Jerome 延期する,とじ込み／提出する)

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