フラン vs. 偽の news 申し込む／申し出s 実験（する） 事例／患者 for democratic 窮地

By Associated 圧力（をかける）

Published: | Updated:

PARIS (AP) - Can a democratic country 無法者 偽の news?

フラン is about to find out, after 大統領 Emmanuel Macron ordered a 法律 to quash 誤った （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） disseminated around 選挙（人）の （選挙などの）運動をするs.

批評 is 注ぐing in from マスコミ 支持するs, tech 専門家s - and Kremlin-支援するd 放送者 RT. They say the 法律 smacks of 権威主義, would be impossible to 施行する and is sure to backfire.

The mixing and editing desk at RT France is pictured in Paris, Tuesday, Jan. 9, 2018. Russian state broadcaster RT, formerly known as Russia Today, already broadcasts in English, Spanish, and Arabic, and has launched a French-language channel on Dec. 18. French President Emmanuel Macron's plan for a law against false information around election campaigns is drawing criticism from media advocates, tech experts and others. They say it's impossible to enforce and smacks of methods used by authoritarians, not democracies. (AP Photo/Francois Mori)

The mixing and editing desk at RT フラン is pictured in Paris, Tuesday, Jan. 9, 2018. ロシアの 明言する／公表する 放送者 RT, 以前は known as Russia Today, already broadcasts in English, Spanish, and Arabic, and has 開始する，打ち上げるd a French-language channel on Dec. 18. French 大統領 Emmanuel Macron's 計画（する） for a 法律 against 誤った （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） around 選挙運動s is 製図／抽選 批評 from マスコミ 支持するs, tech 専門家s and others. They say it's impossible to 施行する and smacks of methods used by 権威主義者s, not 僕主主義s. (AP Photo/Francois Mori)

Macron's 姿勢 "could be just the beginning of 現実に censoring freedom of speech. We believe it is a very dangerous 状況／情勢," Xenia Fedorova, director of RT's newly 開始する，打ち上げるd French-language channel, told The Associated 圧力（をかける）.

Yet in a world where a falsehood can reach billions instantaneously and political 巧みな操作 is ますます sophisticated, Macron argues something must be done.

A congressional 報告（する）／憶測 by U.S. 民主党員s 解放（する）d Thursday 詳細（に述べる）d 明らかな ロシアの 成果／努力s to 土台を崩す politics in 19 European countries since 2016, using cyberattacks, 故意の誤報, 内密の social マスコミ 操作／手術s, 財政／金融ing of fringe political groups and, in extreme 事例／患者s, 暗殺 試みる／企てるs. Macron's own （選挙などの）運動をする 苦しむd a big 切り開く／タクシー／不正アクセスing attack last year, though the 政府 later said it 設立する no proof of ロシアの 関与.

宣伝 and 故意の誤報 aren't new or unique to Russia. Author and 科学（工学）技術 historian Edward Tenner argues that 偽の news is as old as George Washington's cherry tree - an 耐えるing but untrue legend about the first U.S. 大統領，／社長.

While 僕主主義s usually rely on defamation and 名誉き損 法律s to 戦闘 誤った 出版（物）s, Macron wants more.

In a New Year's speech to 新聞記者／雑誌記者s, he said he's ordering a new "合法的な 兵器庫" that would 強いる news 場所／位置s to 明らかにする／漏らす who owns them and where their money comes from. It could cap the money 許すd for content seen as 目的（とする）d at swaying an 選挙 and 許す 緊急 合法的な 活動／戦闘 to 封鎖する websites. The French broadcast regulator's 力／強力にする would 拡大する to 許す it to 一時停止する マスコミ seen as trying to 動揺させる a 投票（する） - 顕著に those "controlled or 影響（力）d by foreign 力／強力にするs."

That probably means 出口s such as RT - whose ニュース報道 was seen as 好意ing far-権利 候補者 海洋 Le Pen in last year's French 選挙 and which many consider a 道具 of the ロシアの 政府 - and スプートニク, another ロシアの-支援するd 出口 that drew attention for 報告（する）／憶測ing a 噂する during the French 大統領の （選挙などの）運動をする that Macron was having a gay 事件／事情／状勢.

He 否定するd it, and （警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域 Le Pen anyway, but never forgot.

RT's Fedorova says they are 存在 不公平に 的d. Speaking from RT's gleaming French studios on the banks of the Seine River, she says she struggled to get 許すs to open in フラン, and her 新聞記者／雑誌記者s are routinely 閉めだした from the Elysee Palace after Macron （刑事）被告 RT and スプートニク last year of 存在 "組織／臓器s" of ロシアの 影響（力）.

RT フラン's ニュース報道 appears 概して 類似の to other French 網状組織s, with a わずかに greater 強調 on street 暴力／激しさ and migrants. The biggest difference: its 広範囲にわたる ニュース報道 of Syria, which 強調する／ストレスs the 見解（をとる）s of the ロシアの and Syrian 政府s.

"RT stands for giving the 床に打ち倒す, the 壇・綱領・公約 to different opinions, and I 本人自身で believe that 多様制 of 発言する／表明するs is 絶対 necessary ーするために have the big picture," said Fedorova, who says RT will be watching Macron's 計画（する） closely.

マスコミ freedom 監視者 Reporters Without 国境s is also watching closely. It has decried 偽の news as 土台を崩すing 新聞記者／雑誌記者s who work hard to 暴露する 悪事を働くこと and 立証する （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状）, but the group is 用心深い of Macron's order.

"We are not …に反対するd to the 原則 of a 法律 against 偽の news. But the point is to be able to 令状 a 法律 without 危うくするing the freedom to 明らかにする／漏らす things," the gro up's 長，指導者, Christophe Deloire, told the AP.

"Probably our 僕主主義s have to be defended in 前線 of the 偽の news wave," he said, but not "with the ways that despotic countries use."

His group, also known by French acronym RSF, is working with partners on a 可能性のある certification system that could 分類する news sources によれば their 立証 methods, transparency about 財政／金融ing and other 基準 - and leave it up to the public to decide what to believe.

As フラン's 政府 準備するs its 法案, it will be learning lessons from a German 法律 that went into 影響 this month 割れ目ing 負かす／撃墜する on hate speech on social 網状組織s. Some 恐れる 合法的 地位，任命するs by satirists or 新聞記者／雑誌記者s are 存在 accidentally caught up in the 大捜査網.

Shutting 負かす／撃墜する websites can also backfire by calling more attention to them.

"The only long-称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 解答 for the 偽の news problem is a more sophisticated public," Tenner said.

"Sophisticated manipulators of facts will always find a way around whatever 規則s are in place," such as creating a 前線 company to sponsor a website or 令状ing "something that is 誤って導くing and inflammatory that is factually true," he said.

Daniel Castro, 副／悪徳行為 大統領，／社長 of the （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） 科学（工学）技術 and 革新 創立／基礎, 輪郭（を描く）s another problem: "People like 偽の news. It 増強するs their beliefs."

Macron is 誘発するing "a very valid conversation" about 選挙資金ing and transparency. But "where it runs into trouble is when they try to define 偽の news," he said.

The Macron 政府's 数字表示式の 事件／事情／状勢s 長，指導者 is lucid about the challenges ahead.

"This is the beginning of the 審議. We won't go too 急速な／放蕩な," Mounir Mahjoubi told the AP.

He 主張するs 政府s shouldn't remain complacent, 特に with 選挙s coming up in Italy, Russia and the U.S., and for the European 議会 next year.

"We need to ask this question," he said, "and work all together on what can be done."

___

David Rising in Berlin and Jona Kallgren in Las Vegas 与える／捧げるd to this 報告（する）／憶測.

Employees work at Reporters without Borders in Paris, Tuesday, Jan. 9, 2018. French President Emmanuel Macron's plan for a law against false information around election campaigns is drawing criticism from media advocates, tech experts and others. They say it's impossible to enforce and smacks of methods used by authoritarians, not democracies. (AP Photo/Francois Mori)

従業員s work at Reporters without 国境s in Paris, Tuesday, Jan. 9, 2018. French 大統領 Emmanuel Macron's 計画（する） for a 法律 against 誤った （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） around 選挙運動s is 製図／抽選 批評 from マスコミ 支持するs, tech 専門家s and others. They say it's impossible to 施行する and smacks of methods used by 権威主義者s, not 僕主主義s. (AP Photo/Francois Mori)

Xenia Fedorova, chief executive of RT France attends an interview with the Associated Press in Paris, Tuesday, Jan. 9, 2018. Russian state broadcaster RT, formerly known as Russia Today, already broadcasts in English, Spanish, and Arabic, and has launched a French-language channel on Dec. 18. French President Emmanuel Macron's plan for a law against false information around election campaigns is drawing criticism from media advocates, tech experts and others. They say it's impossible to enforce and smacks of methods used by authoritarians, not democracies. (AP Photo/Francois Mori)

Xenia Fedorova, 長，指導者 (n)役員／(a)執行力のある of RT フラン …に出席するs an interview with the Associated 圧力（をかける） in Paris, Tuesday, Jan. 9, 2018. ロシアの 明言する／公表する 放送者 RT, 以前は known as Russia Today, already broadcasts in English, Spanish, and Arabic, and has 開始する，打ち上げるd a French-language channel on Dec. 18. French 大統領 Emmanuel Macron's 計画（する） for a 法律 against 誤った （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） around 選挙運動s is 製図／抽選 批評 from マスコミ 支持するs, tech 専門家s and others. They say it's impossible to 施行する and smacks of met 売春婦d used by 権威主義者s, not 僕主主義s. (AP Photo/Francois Mori)

Secretary General of Reporters without Borders Christophe Deloire talks to the Associated Press in Paris, Tuesday, Jan. 9, 2018. French President Emmanuel Macron's plan for a law against false information around election campaigns is drawing criticism from media advocates, tech experts and others. They say it's impossible to enforce and smacks of methods used by authoritarians, not democracies. (AP Photo/Francois Mori)

長官 General of Reporters without 国境s Christophe Deloire 会談 to the Associated 圧力（をかける） in Paris, Tuesday, Jan. 9, 2018. French 大統領 Emmanuel Macron's 計画（する） for a 法律 against 誤った （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） around 選挙運動s is 製図／抽選 批評 from マスコミ 支持するs, tech 専門家s and others. They say it's impossible to 施行する and smacks of methods used by 権威主義者s, not 僕主主義s. (AP Photo/Francois Mori)

Secretary General of Reporters without Borders Christophe Deloire talks to the Associated Press in Paris, Tuesday, Jan. 9, 2018. French President Emmanuel Macron's plan for a law against false information around election campaigns is drawing criticism from media advocates, tech experts and others. They say it's impossible to enforce and smacks of methods used by authoritarians, not democracies. (AP Photo/Francois Mori)

長官 General of Reporters without 国境s Christophe Deloire 会談 to the Associated 圧力（をかける） in Paris, Tuesday, Jan. 9, 2018. French 大統領 Emmanuel Macron's 計画（する） for a 法律 against 誤った （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） around 選挙運動s is 製図／抽選 批評 from マスコミ 支持するs, tech 専門家s and others. They say it's impossible to 施行する and smacks of methods used by 権威主義者s, not 僕主主義s. (AP Photo/Francois Mori)

Xenia Fedorova, chief executive of RT France attends an interview with the Associated Press in Paris, Tuesday, Jan. 9, 2018. Russian state broadcaster RT, formerly known as Russia Today, already broadcasts in English, Spanish, and Arabic, and has launched a French-language channel on Dec. 18. French President Emmanuel Macron's plan for a law against false information around election campaigns is drawing criticism from media advocates, tech experts and others. They say it's impossible to enforce and smacks of methods used by authoritarians, not democracies. (AP Photo/Francois Mori)

Xenia Fedorova, 長，指導者 (n)役員／(a)執行力のある of RT フラン …に出席するs an interview with the Associated 圧力（をかける） in Paris, Tuesday, Jan. 9, 2018. ロシアの 明言する／公表する 放送者 RT, 以前は known as Russia Today, already broadcasts in English, Spanish, and Arabic, and has 開始する，打ち上げるd a French-language channel on Dec. 18. French 大統領 Emmanuel Macron's 計画（する） for a 法律 against 誤った （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） around 選挙運動s is 製図／抽選 批評 from マスコミ 支持するs, tech 専門家s and others. They say it's impossible to 施行する and smacks of methods used by 権威主義者s, not 僕主主義s. (AP Photo/Francois Mori)

Xenia Fedorova, chief executive of RT France attends an interview with the Associated Press in Paris, Tuesday, Jan. 9, 2018. Russian state broadcaster RT, formerly known as Russia Today, already broadcasts in English, Spanish, and Arabic, and has launched a French-language channel on Dec. 18. French President Emmanuel Macron's plan for a law against false information around election campaigns is drawing criticism from media advocates, tech experts and others. They say it's impossible to enforce and smacks of methods used by authoritarians, not democracies. (AP Photo/Francois Mori)

Xenia Fedorova, 長，指導者 (n)役員／(a)執行力のある of RT フラン …に出席するs an interview with the Associated 圧力（をかける） in Paris, Tuesday, Jan. 9, 2018. ロシアの 明言する／公表する 放送者 RT, 以前は known as Russia Tod ay, already broadcasts in English, Spanish, and Arabic, and has 開始する，打ち上げるd a French-language channel on Dec. 18. French 大統領 Emmanuel Macron's 計画（する） for a 法律 against 誤った （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） around 選挙運動s is 製図／抽選 批評 from マスコミ 支持するs, tech 専門家s and others. They say it's impossible to 施行する and smacks of methods used by 権威主義者s, not 僕主主義s. (AP Photo/Francois Mori)

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