性の 暴力／激しさ, a savage feature of 衝突 over centuries
JOHANNESBURG (AP) - Through the ages, 性の 暴力／激しさ has been a savage feature of 武装した 衝突, often systematically （打撃，刑罰などを）与えるd by combatants on girls and women in what the world today defines as a war 罪，犯罪. It happened in the time of the 古代の Greeks and Romans, and in modern times, too: 集まり 強姦 occurred in World War II, as it did during the Balkan wars and the Rwandan 集団殺戮 in the 1990s.
The 残虐（行為）s 広げる as 勝利を得た 闘士，戦闘機s sweep into 掴むd 領土, using 性の 暴力／激しさ out of a sense of impunity or entitlement or as a way to terrorize and punish communities. International 人道的な 法律, 含むing the Geneva 条約s, 捜し出すs to 妨げる warring 味方するs from engaging in such 乱用s.
While the 規則 of 戦時 行為／行う is inherently difficult, the awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize on Friday to a Congolese 外科医 and an Iraqi woman who speaks out for those like herself who have been 強姦d helps to 向こうずね 全世界の light on the 罪，犯罪s. Dr. Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad are 栄誉（を受ける）d for （選挙などの）運動をするing against 性の 暴力／激しさ as a 武器 of war.
公式の／役人s and 軍の 指揮官s must take the lead in discouraging a culture of 性の 暴力／激しさ の中で combatants under their 当局, 行動主義者s agree. Even the 国際連合 has struggled with 主張s of 性の 暴力／激しさ and 開発／利用 against the （国連の）平和維持軍s sent to 静める 衝突s around the globe.
There have been steps 今後. Last month, a 軍の 裁判官 in South Sudan 宣告，判決d 10 兵士s to 刑務所，拘置所 for a 2016 rampage in which five international 援助（する） 労働者s were ギャング（団）-強姦d. In December, a 軍の 法廷，裁判所 in eastern Congo 宣告，判決d 12 militiamen to life in 刑務所，拘置所 for the ギャング（団）-強姦s of dozens of children as young as 11 months old.
Here are some 最近の 事例／患者s in which 性の 暴力／激しさ occurred on a large 規模 during 衝突:
とじ込み／提出する - In this Sunday, April 3, 2016 とじ込み／提出する photo, 行動主義者 Nadia Murad, 中心, speaks during her visit to the 一時しのぎの物，策 難民 （軍の）野営地，陣営 at the northern Greek 国境 point of Idomeni, Greece. The Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded to Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad "for their 成果／努力s to end the use of 性の 暴力／激しさ as a 武器 of war and 武装した 衝突, " it was 発表するd on Friday, Oct. 5, 2018. (AP Photo/Darko Vojinovic, とじ込み／提出する )
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ISLAMIC STATE GROUP/YAZIDIS
The Yazidi community, one of Iraq's oldest 宗教的な 少数，小数派s, has been 支配するd to 残虐な attacks over the centuries. One of the worst occurred when the Islamic 明言する／公表する group committed what a 部隊d N ations （売買）手数料，委託（する）／委員会／権限 of 調査 called 集団殺戮 and other 罪，犯罪s against the Yazidi in 2014.
The 交戦的なs swept into Sinjar, the Yazidis' ancestral 母国 近づく the Syrian 国境, in August 2014 after 逮捕（する）ing the northern city of Mosul and 宣言するing an Islamic caliphate in large areas of Iraq and Syria. Tens of thousands of Yazidis escaped to 開始する Sinjar, where they were surrounded and 包囲するd. The U.S., Iraq, Britain, フラン and Australia flew in water and 供給（する）s until Kurdish 闘士，戦闘機s opened a 回廊（地帯） to 許す them to 逃げる.
About 5,000 Yazidi men were killed, several thousand are 行方不明の and many Yazidi women were 逮捕（する）d, taken as sex slaves and 支配するd to horrific 乱用.
This year, The Associated 圧力（をかける） interviewed Farida Khalaf, who was 18 when she was 逮捕（する）d and sold into slavery and 耐えるd four months of 強姦, 拷問 and beatings until she managed to escape from her Islamic 明言する／公表する captors. The AP does not 一般に identify the 犠牲者s of 性の 強襲，強姦 but Khalaf went public, 令状ing about her experience in "The Girl Who （警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域 Isis: My Story."
New Nobel 勝利者 Murad was の中で those who fled from IS and told the world about those horrors, 演説（する）／住所ing the U.N. 安全 会議 in December 2015.
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CONGO
The sprawling central African nation where Nobel laureate Mukwege 作品 was once called "the 強姦 資本／首都 of the world" by Margot Wallstrom, then the U.N. 長官-general's special 代表者／国会議員 on 性の 暴力／激しさ in 衝突.
"Women have no 権利s if those who 侵害する／違反する their 権利s go unpunished," Wallstrom said in 2010. "Our 目的（とする） must be to 支持する international 法律, so that women - even in the war-torn corners of the world - can sleep under the cover of 司法（官）."
Yet 強姦 remains a 武器 of war and 力／強力にする in Congo, 特に in the east, which has seen more than two １０年間s of 血まみれの 衝突 の中で 武装した groups. Some are fighting for 支配（する）／統制する of the country's mineral wealth, 強めるing the cycle of 暴力／激しさ.
Women have suff ered as 反逆者／反逆するs and 兵士s carry out 性の 暴力／激しさ and 強姦. Mukwege and his team have 扱う／治療するd thousands of women, many who have been ギャング（団）-強姦d. His work made him a 的: 武装した men tried to kill him in 2012, 軍隊ing him to 一時的に leave the country.
"There is impunity in 強姦 and 暴力／激しさ," Solange Furaha Lwashiga, a women's 権利s 行動主義者 in Congo, told the AP.
"Unfortunately, people look for 力／強力にする by dehumanizing people," she said. "強姦 is a manner of 捜し出すing 力／強力にする and dehumanizing the Congolese societies."
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MYANMAR/ROHINGYA MUSLIMS
Human 権利s 捜査官／調査官s from the 国際連合 and 独立した・無所属 権利s groups have 最高潮の場面d 性の 暴力／激しさ as one of the many egregious 乱用s they 告発する／非難する Myanmar's 軍の of carrying out against the country's イスラム教徒 Rohingya 少数，小数派.
A 報告（する）／憶測 現在のd last month to the U.N. Human 権利s 会議 recommended that some 最高の，を越す Myanmar 軍の leaders be 起訴するd for war 罪，犯罪s, 罪，犯罪s against humanity and 集団殺戮 against the Rohingya during a counterinsurgency （選挙などの）運動をする that followed 交戦的な attacks in August 2017 on 政府 安全 地位，任命するs in the western 明言する／公表する of Rakhine.
It 特記する／引用するd 主張s of 罪，犯罪s 含むing 殺人, 拷問, 略奪するing, 死刑執行 without 予定 過程, 強姦, 性の slavery and 人質-taking. More than 700,000 Rohingya fled to Bangladesh.
The AP talked to some Rohingya women who said they were 強姦d by 兵士s. Some ended pregnancies from the 強姦s 早期に by taking cheap abortion pills 利用できる in 難民 （軍の）野営地，陣営s. Others gave birth to unloved babies; some agonized over whether to give them away. The 幼児s are 思い出の品s of the horrors that the women 生き残るd. Their community often 見解（をとる）s 強姦 as shameful, and 耐えるing a baby conceived by Buddhists as sacrilege.
Before she took 力／強力にする in 2016 as Myanmar's leader, Aung San Suu Kyi said the 軍の used 強姦 as a 武器 to 脅迫してさせる 民族の 国籍s. Her 政府, however, 否定するs 事実上の／代理 in that manner against the Rohingya.< /p>
But the 規模 of the 活動／戦闘s against the Rohingya in a nation that is about 90 パーセント Buddhist brought the 問題／発行する into 焦点（を合わせる）.
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Associated 圧力（をかける） writers Bassem Mroue in Beirut, Carley Petesch in Dakar, Senegal and 認める つつく／ペック in Bangkok 与える／捧げるd.
FILE - In this Wednesday, Feb. 26, 2014 とじ込み／提出する photo, actor and Eastern Congo 率先 創立者 Ben Affleck, 権利, applauds Dr. Denis Mukwege, 創立者 of Panzi Hospital in the Democratic R epublican of the Congo, on （ワシントンの）連邦議会議事堂 Hill in Washington. The Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded to Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad "for their 成果／努力s to end the use of 性の 暴力／激しさ as a 武器 of war and 武装した 衝突, " it was 発表するd on Friday, Oct. 5, 2018. (AP Photo/Susan Walsh, とじ込み／提出する)
