政府 制限s on 宗教 増加するing 世界的な

NEW YORK (AP) - 政府 制限s on 宗教 have 増加するd markedly in many places around the world, not only in 権威主義者 countries, but also in many of Europe's 僕主主義s, によれば a 報告(する)/憶測 調査するing 198 countries that was 解放(する)d Monday.

The 報告(する)/憶測 解放(する)d by the Pew 研究 中心, covering 開発s through 2017, also 捜し出すs to 文書 the 範囲 of 宗教-based いやがらせ and 暴力/激しさ. Regarding the world's two largest 宗教s, it said Christians were 悩ますd in 143 countries and イスラム教徒s in 140.

This was Pew's 10th 年次の 報告(する)/憶測 on 全世界の 制限s on 宗教. It said 52 政府s, 含むing those in Russia and 中国, 課す high levels of 制限s on 宗教, up from 40 政府s in 2007. It said 56 countries in 2017 were experiencing social 敵意s 伴う/関わるing 宗教, up from 39 in 2007.

Pew said the Middle East and North Africa, of the five major 地域s it 熟考する/考慮するd, had the highest level of 政府 制限s on 宗教, followed by the Asia-太平洋の 地域. However, it said the biggest 増加する during the 2007-2017 period was in Europe, where the number of countries placing 制限s on 宗教的な dress - 含むing burqas and 直面する 隠すs worn by some イスラム教徒 women - rose from five to 20.

の中で other 対策 in 2017, Austria 制定するd a 禁止(する) on 十分な-直面する 隠すs in public spaces, and Germany banned 直面する 隠すs for anyone 運動ing a モーター 乗り物 or working in the civil service. In Switzerland, 投票者s in two 地域s have 認可するd 禁止(する)s on 直面する 隠すs, and 投票者s 全国的な 支援するd a 禁止(する) on the construction of new minarets.

In Spain, によれば the 報告(する)/憶測, some 地方自治体の 知事s have introduced 禁止(する)s on burqas and 直面する-covering 隠すs, and have also 制限するd public preaching and proselytizing by such groups as the Jehovah's 証言,証人/目撃するs and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

FILE - In this Nov. 4, 2009, file photo, people walk by a poster from the right-wing Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC) depicting a woman wearing a burqa in front of a Swiss flag upon which are minarets which resemble missiles, at the central station in Geneva, Switzerland. Later in the month, a successful referendum banned the construction of new minarets in the country. (Salvatore Di Nolfi/Keystone via AP, File)

FILE - In this Nov. 4, 2009, とじ込み/提出する photo, people walk by a poster from the 右翼 スイスの People's Party (SVP/UDC) 描写するing a woman wearing a burqa in 前線 of a スイスの 旗 upon which are minarets which 似ている ミサイルs, at the central 駅/配置する in Geneva, Switzerland. Later in the month, a successful 国民投票 banned the construction of new minarets in the country. (Salvatore Di Nolfi/Keystone 経由で AP, とじ込み/提出する)

Circumcision of boys also has been an 問題/発行する in Europe. イスラム教徒 and ユダヤ人の groups in Germany and Slovenia have complained of 政府 公式の/役人s 干渉するing in their 宗教的な traditions by trying to criminalize circumcision for nonmedical 推論する/理由s.

Globally, amon g the 25 most populous countries, those with the highest level of 政府 制限s were 中国, Iran, Russia, Egypt and Indonesia, the 報告(する)/憶測 said. The lowest levels of 制限 were in South Africa, Japan, the Philippines, Brazil and South Korea.

ーに関して/ーの点でs of 政府 いやがらせ of 宗教的な groups, Pew said the 現象 was most pronounced in the Middle East-North Africa 地域, but two examples from Asia were 最高潮の場面d. The 報告(する)/憶測 公式文書,認めるd that hundreds of thousands of Uighur イスラム教徒s were sent to reeducation (軍の)野営地,陣営s in 中国, while in Myanmar there were large-規模 乱用s against the Rohingya, a イスラム教徒 民族の 少数,小数派, 主要な to 大規模な 排水(気)量.

Another 部類 in the 報告(する)/憶測 was 宗教的な いやがらせ by individuals and social groups. The 部隊d 明言する/公表するs 階級d の中で the worst-得点する/非難する/20ing countries in this 部類 in 2017, in part because of the 部隊 the 権利 決起大会/結集させる in Charlottesville, Virginia, where white supremacist 抗議する人s 陳列する,発揮するd swastika 旗s and 詠唱するd anti-Semitic スローガンs.

Pew said the biggest 増加する in 宗教的な 敵意 by individuals occurred in Europe. 犠牲者s of 暴力/激しさ, in 出来事/事件s 特記する/引用するd in the 報告(する)/憶測, 含む Jehovah's 証言,証人/目撃するs in ウクライナ共和国 and a rabbi and a イスラム教徒 woman in Belgium.

In Germany, Pew said, there were 報告(する)/憶測s that thousands of 難民s were 圧力d to 変える to Christianity after 存在 警告するd they might さもなければ be 国外追放するd.

Jocelyne Cesari, a professor of 宗教 and politics at the University of Birmingham in Britain, 見解(をとる)s 政治の and societal 差別 against イスラム教徒s in Europe as a 脅し to the broader 原則s of 宗教的な freedom.

She also 示唆するd that headscarf 禁止(する)s and 類似の 法律s play into the 手渡すs of 過激な Islamist groups "that build their legitimacy の中で some segments of the イスラム教徒 青年 in Europe by 現在のing the West as the enemy of the Islamic 宗教."

Jonathan Laurence, a political science professor at Boston College who has written about Europe's イスラム教徒s, said the 反対/詐欺 tinent's 審議 over headscarf 禁止(する)s has 強化するd the 手渡す of 人民党員 parties while failing to 橋(渡しをする) social 分割s.

"Ironically, headscarf 法律s that were ーするつもりであるd to 軍隊 統合,差別撤廃 have instead 加速するd the 創造 of 公然と 補助金を支給するd 宗教的な schools where children may wear what they like," he said in an email.

宗教的な 差別 and 迫害 will be the topic of a three-day 会合 hosted by the U.S. 明言する/公表する Department starting Tuesday in Washington, …に出席するd by hundreds of 政府 公式の/役人s, 宗教的な leaders and other 関係者s from all 地域s of the world.

Previewing the event, Sam Brownback, the U.S. 政府's 外交官/大使-at-large for international 宗教的な freedom, 公式文書,認めるd that 宗教s of all sorts are 攻撃を受けやすい to 迫害.

"Almost every 約束 that's a 大多数 somewhere is a 少数,小数派 somewhere else and often gets 迫害するd where they're a 少数,小数派," Brownback said at a 明言する/公表する Department 要点説明. "So that's why a big part of our 成果/努力 is to get the 約束s to come together and to stand for each other."

"We're not talking ありふれた theology here - nobody agrees on theology," he 追加するd. "We're talking about a ありふれた human 権利."

Pew's 年次の 報告(する)/憶測s are 収集するd by 研究員s who 毎年 徹底的に捜す through 非常に/多数の sources of (警察などへの)密告,告訴(状), 含むing 年次の 報告(する)/憶測s on international 宗教的な freedom by the 明言する/公表する Department and the U.S. (売買)手数料,委託(する)/委員会/権限 on International 宗教的な Freedom, 同様に as 出版(物)s by European, U.N. 団体/死体s and nongovernmental organizations.

FILE - In this June 29, 2018, file photo, Rohingya refugees gather near a fence during a government organized media tour to a no-man's land between Myanmar and Bang
ladesh, near Taungpyolatyar village, Maung Daw, northern Rakhine State, Myanmar. A government security operation in Myanmar's Rakhine state sparked a humanitarian crisis that sent hundreds of thousands fleeing to neighboring Bangladesh. (AP Photo/Min Kyi Thein, File)

FILE - In this June 29, 2018, とじ込み/提出する photo, Rohingya 難民s gather 近づく a 盗品故買者 during a 政府 組織するd マスコミ 小旅行する to a no-man's land between Myanmar and Bangladesh, 近づく Taungpyolatyar village, Maung Daw, northern Rakhine 明言する/公表する, Myanmar. A 政府 安全 操作/手術 in Myanmar's Rakhine 明言する/公表する 誘発するd a 人道的な 危機 that sent hundreds of thousands 逃げるing to 隣接地の Bangladesh. (AP Photo/Min Kyi Thein, とじ込み/提出する)

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