Before Floyd death, 行動主義者s saw 進歩 on police 改革（する）s
MINNEAPOLIS (AP) - Years of 対話 about police and 犯罪の 司法（官） 改革（する）s in Minneapolis had 改善するd the 関係 between the African American community and 法律 施行, 行動主義者s say - before the police 殺人，大当り this week of George Floyd, a 手錠d 黒人／ボイコット man who died after a white officer 圧力（をかける）d his 膝 into Floyd´s neck for several minutes as he pleaded for 空気／公表する.
Floyd's death and （映画の）フィート数 of his neck pinned under the officer's 膝 have 抑えるのをやめるd 抗議するs and violent 衝突／不一致s with 法律 施行 - exposing simmering 失望／欲求不満 and the fact that there´s much work still ahead, several 支持するs and leaders told The Associated 圧力（をかける）.
"進歩 and change can ebb and flow," said Jeremiah Ellison, who won a City 会議 seat after 参加するing in past 抗議するs against police 殺人，大当りs of African Americans in Minnesota.
The four nights of 不安 this week - 含むing the たいまつing of a police 駅／配置する that officers abandoned - "証明するd to me that we´ve regressed to the point of 2015," Ellison said, referring to the year that also saw 抗議するs after the death of Jamar Clark, a 黒人／ボイコット man killed by police.
Minneapolis - a city of nearly 430,000 that is 60% white, 19% 黒人／ボイコット and 9% Hispanic - has a long history of 経済的な and 教育の 不平等s that have marginalized 黒人／ボイコット 居住（者）s for １０年間s, にもかかわらず its 評判 for 進歩／革新的な values. It is one of the most segregated cities in the country for its size, and schools を煩う stubborn 業績／成就 gaps.
The city 任命するd its first 黒人／ボイコット 長，指導者 of police nearly three years ago, after slow 進歩 toward making the department more inclusive. Earlier this year, a statewide 仕事 軍隊 made up of 行動主義者s, people 代表するing 犠牲者s of police brutality, and 法律 施行 leaders 解放（する）d 推薦s for policing 改革（する）s.
警官s amassed along Lake Street 近づく Hiawatha Ave. as 解雇する／砲火／射撃s 燃やすd after a night of 不安 and 抗議するs in the death of George Floyd 早期に Friday, May 29, 2020 in Minneapolis. Floyd died after 存在 抑制するd by Minneapolis police officers on 記念の Day. (David Joles/星／主役にする Tribune 経由で AP)
That 仕事 軍隊 was formed in the wake of several high-profile 致命的な 狙撃s of 黒人／ボイコット men by police in the Minneapolis area. Those 含むd Clark, who was killed during a struggle with two white Minneapolis officers, and Philando Castile, who was fatally 発射 by a Hispanic 郊外の police officer during a traffic stop in 2016.
While Nekima 徴収する Armstrong, a civil 権利s lawyer and former 大統領，／社長 of the Minneapolis NAACP, 認めるs that 進歩, she said that many old habits are still 堅固に守るd.
"The system itself has not changed," Armstrong said. "The culture within the Minneapolis Poli ce Department has not changed."
The city´s police department of more than 800 officers is still predominantly white, she said. The department did not 答える／応じる to a request for up-to-date 人物／姿／数字s, but the 星／主役にする Tribune 報告（する）／憶測d in 2014 that the 軍隊, 含むing cadets in field training, was 78.9% white, 9.2% 黒人／ボイコット, 5.2% Asian, 4.1% Hispanic and 2.5% American Indian.
Some leaders, 含むing former 市長 R.T. Rybak and 明言する／公表する Sen. Jeff Hayden, have 非難するd the city's police union in 最近の days for fostering a culture that 保護するs 残虐な officers and resists 成果／努力s at 改革（する）. The union's 大統領，／社長, Lt. （頭が）ひょいと動く Kroll, did not return a call 捜し出すing comment.
The 爆発 of 怒り／怒る in Minneapolis 反映するs 失望／欲求不満 over these realities, にもかかわらず some 進歩, said Teqen Z?a-Aida, a longtime 行動主義者 in the city.
But the images themselves also 需要・要求するd a "public 返答," he said, though he 押し進めるd for 抗議するs to happen online given the 危険s of 集会s during the coronavirus pandemic.
"We saw his 注目する，もくろむs ... we saw a lynching. George Floyd is Emmett Till, 2020," he said, referring to the 黒人／ボイコット 14-year-old who was 誘拐するd, beaten and killed in 1955 after he was （刑事）被告 of whistling at a white woman in Mississippi, a lynching that helped 刺激（する） the civil 権利s movement.
Bystander ビデオ and photos of the 逮捕（する） show Floyd on the ground with his neck under Officer Derek Chauvin's 膝, while Chauvin ignores his 嘆願s for help. Two other officers appear to help 持つ／拘留する him 負かす／撃墜する, and a fourth 試みる／企てるs to keep space around the scene.
"My stomach 傷つけるs, my neck 傷つけるs, everything 傷つけるs ... I can´t breathe," Floyd says in the ビデオ before 結局 becoming motionless.
Police 最初 said they 逮捕（する）d Floyd because he matched the description of a man 嫌疑者，容疑者／疑うd of passing a 偽造の $20 法案 at a grocery 蓄える／店 and that he resisted 逮捕（する）. Police were trying to put Floyd in a squad car when he 強化するd up and fell to the ground, 説 he was claustrophobic, によれば t he 犯罪の （民事の）告訴 詳細（に述べる）ing 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s against Chauvin.
In 新規加入 to 点火（する）ing the 騒動 in Minneapolis, Floyd´s death has 獲得するd 国家の attention, and it drew comparisons to the 事例／患者 of Eric 獲得する, a 黒人／ボイコット man who died in 2014 in New York after he was placed in a chokehold by police and also said he could not breathe.
The 延期する in Chauvin's 逮捕（する） may have also helped to 運動 the 抗議するs, which turned markedly more violent than those that followed the deaths of either Clark or Castile. 当局 逮捕（する）d Chauvin and 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d him Friday with third-degree 殺人 and second-degree 過失致死. His 弁護士／代理人／検事 had no comment when reached by the AP. The other three officers 伴う／関わるd have not been 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d, but the 調査 is continuing. All four were 解雇する／砲火／射撃d Tuesday すぐに after the ビデオ began 広まる.
Some 行動主義者s and community leaders said they 推定する／予想するd the 抗議するs to continue to 押し進める for the 逮捕（する）s of and 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s for the three other officers.
Floyd´s death "just touched people in a way that they didn´t 推定する／予想する," said Armstrong.
"We must get to the underlying 解答s or we will be 権利 支援する here in a 公正に／かなり short time," said Keith Ellison, the 明言する／公表する's first African American 弁護士／代理人／検事 general, whose son is the Minneapolis city councilman. "We´ve got to literally 転換 policing."
Ramsey 郡 Undersheriff 法案 Finney, who in 1992 became the first African American police 長，指導者 in Minnesota when he was 任命するd to the 職業 in 隣接地の St. Paul, said even when the 関係 between police and the 黒人／ボイコット community 改善するs, all 味方するs must guard against complacency.
"You have to 絶えず make deposits into the community bank of 好意／親善," Finney said. "You want to get to a place where the community stops considering you as `the police´ and starts seeing you as their police."
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Morrison and Nasir are members of the AP´s Race and Ethnicity team. Follow Morrison on Twitter at https://twitter.com/aaronlmorrison. Follow Nasi r at https://twitter.com/noreensnasir.
Protestors 論証する outside of a 燃やすing Minneapolis 3rd Police 管区, Thursday, May 28, 2020, in Minneapolis. 抗議するs over the death of George Floyd, a 黒人／ボイコット man who died in police 保護／拘留 Monday, broke out in Minneapolis for a third straight night. (AP Photo/John Minchillo)
Protestors 論証する outside of a 燃やすing 急速な／放蕩な food restaurant, Friday, May 29, 2020, in Minneapolis. 抗議するs over the death of George Floyd, a 黒人／ボイコット man who died in police 保護／拘留 Monday, broke out in Minneapolis for a third straight night. (AP Photo/John Minchillo)
Protestors 論証する outside of a 燃やすing Minneapolis 3rd Police 管区, Thursday, May 28, 2020, in Minneapolis. 抗議するs over the death of George Floyd, a 黒人／ボイコット man who died in police 保護／拘留 Monday, broke out in Minneapolis for a third straight night. (AP Photo/John Minchillo)
