EXPLAINER: What do we know about booster 発射s for COVID-19?
U.S. health 公式の／役人s may soon recommend COVID-19 booster 発射s for fully vaccinated Americans. A look at what we know about boosters and how they could help fight the coronavirus:
WHY MIGHT WE NEED BOOSTERS?
It´s ありふれた for 保護 from ワクチンs to 減少（する） over time. A tetanus booster, for example, is recommended every 10 years.
研究員s and health 公式の／役人s have been 監視するing the real-world 業績／成果 of the COVID-19 ワクチンs to see how long 保護 lasts の中で vaccinated people. The ワクチンs 権限を与えるd in the U.S. continue to 申し込む／申し出 very strong 保護 against 厳しい 病気 and death.
But 研究室／実験室 血 実験（する）s have 示唆するd that antibodies - one of the 免疫の system's 層s of 保護 - can 病弱な over time. That doesn't mean 保護 disappears, but it could mean 保護 is not as strong or that it could take longer for the 団体／死体 to fight 支援する against an 感染.
The delta variant has 複雑にするd the question of when to give boosters because it is so much more contagious and much of the data gathered about ワクチン 業績／成果 is from before the delta variant was 広範囲にわたって 広まる. Delta is taking off at the same time that ワクチン 免疫 might also be 病弱なing for the first people vaccinated.
FILE - In this April 8, 2021, とじ込み／提出する photo, 登録（する）d nurse fills a 洗浄器／皮下注射／浣腸器 with the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 ワクチン at a pop up ワクチン接種 場所／位置 in the Staten Island borough of New York. 研究員s and health 公式の／役人s have been 監視するing the real-world 業績／成果 of the COVID-19 ワクチンs to see how long 保護 lasts の中で vaccinated people. (AP Photo/Mary Altaffer, とじ込み／提出する)
イスラエル is 申し込む／申し出ing a booster to people over 50 who were vaccinated more than five months ago. フラン and Germany 計画（する） to 申し込む／申し出 boosters to some people in the 落ちる. The European 薬／医学s 機関 said it too is reviewing data to see if booster 発射s are needed.
WHEN WOULD THEY BE GIVEN?
It depends on when you got your 初期の 発射s. One 可能性 is that health 公式の／役人s will recommend people get a booster 概略で eight months after getting their second 発射 of the Pfizer or Moderna ワクチン.
公式の／役人s are continuing to collect （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） about the one-発射 Johnson & Johnson ワクチン, which was 権限を与えるd for use in the U.S. in late February, to 決定する when to recommend boosters.
世界保健機構 WOULD GET THEM?
The first people vaccinated in the 部隊d 明言する／公表するs would likely be first in line for boosters too. That means health care 労働者s, nursing home 居住（者）s and other older Americans, who were the first to be vaccinated once the 発射s were 権限を与えるd last December.
BOOSTER? THIRD SHOT? WHAT´S THE DIFFERENCE?
移植（する） 受取人s and other people with 弱めるd 免疫の systems may not have gotten enough 保護 from ワクチンs to begin with. They can now receive a third dose at least 28 days after their second 発射 as part of their 初期の 一連の 発射s needed for them to be fully vaccinated. For those with normal 免疫の systems, boosters are given much later after 十分な ワクチン接種 - not to 設立する 保護, but to rev it up again.
WHAT QUESTIONS REMAIN?
Still unknown is whether people should get the same type of 発射 they got when first vaccinated. And the nation´s 最高の，を越す health 助言者s will be looking for 証拠 about the safety of boosters and how 井戸／弁護士席 they 保護する against 感染 and 厳しい 病気.
全世界の 接近 to ワクチンs is also important to 茎・取り除く the pandemic and 妨げる the 出現 of new variants. Booster 発射s could crimp already tight 全世界の ワクチン 供給（する）s.
WHAT ABOUT THE UNVACCINATED?
Dr. Melanie Swift, who has been 主要な the ワクチン接種 program at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, says getting more 発射s into people who 港／避難所't yet been vaccinated at all is "our best 道具, not only to 妨げる 入院 and mortality from the delta variant, but to stop 伝達／伝染." Every 感染, she says, "gives the ウイルス more chances to 突然変異する into who knows what the next variant could be."
"People who took the ワクチン the first time are likely to line up and get their booster," Swift says. "But it´s not going to 達成する our goals 全体にわたる if all their unvaccinated neighbors are not vaccinated."
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