Will the voluntary 炭素 market 生き残る 不信 and 規則?

信用性 危機 提起する/ポーズをとるs 脅し to voluntary 炭素 market

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International 会・原則 提案するs ending '相殺する' (人命などを)奪う,主張するs

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Market is 大部分は 推定する/予想するd to be 吸収するd by 規則

By Andre Cabette Fabio

RIO DE JANEIRO, July 12 (Thomson Reuters 創立/基礎) - I n late May, Delta 空気/公表する Lines became the 的 of a 提案するd class 活動/戦闘 訴訟 in the U.S. after advertising itself as "the world's first 炭素-中立の 航空機による".

とじ込み/提出するd on に代わって of a California-based (弁護士の)依頼人 of the U.S. 運送/保菌者, the (民事の)告訴 said the (人命などを)奪う,主張する was "誤った and 誤って導くing" as it hinged on buying 炭素 相殺するs that are 大部分は worthless - and led 顧客s to believe the 航空機による had not been 責任がある 解放(する)ing 付加 炭素 into the atmosphere.

A Delta spokesperson said the 訴訟 was "without 合法的な 長所", and that "it was 可決する・採択するing 産業-主要な 気候 goals as we work に向かって 達成するing 逮捕する-無 炭素 放出/発行s by 2050".

The 全世界の $2 billion voluntary 炭素 相殺する market - where companies buy credits in 汚染-減ずるing 事業/計画(する)s like solar パネル盤 systems or tree 工場/植物ing to 相殺する their own 放出/発行s - is 直面するing ever-greater scrutiny and 批評 with 研究員s 尋問 the 有効性,効力 and 気候 利益s of the 相殺するs.

Delta in 2020 発表するd it would 投資する $1 billion by 2030 to mitigate all 放出/発行s, and has since spent at least $283 million on 炭素 相殺するs, によれば 報告(する)/憶測s on its website.

However, its spokesperson said that since March 2022, Delta "has fully 移行d its 焦点(を合わせる) away from 炭素 相殺するs toward decarbonization", which 含むs 投資するing in biofue ls.

From 航空機によるs and fashion houses to 科学(工学)技術 巨大(な)s, a growing number of 会社/団体s globally have bought credits from the voluntary 相殺するs market as 圧力 grows on the 私的な 部門 to 達成する 逮捕する-無 放出/発行s to 限界 全世界の warming.

Yet the market has been 非難するd - with 熟考する/考慮するs 特記する/引用するing poor transparency, a 限られた/立憲的な 供給(する) of credits, and the 疑わしい 有効性 of many 事業/計画(する)s in 現実に cutting 放出/発行s.

分かれて from the voluntary market, the 2015 Paris 協定 始める,決めるs out the basis for 全世界の 規制するd 炭素 貿易(する)ing overseen by the 国際連合, under which one country could 相殺する 放出/発行s by buying credits 生成するd by another nation that has より勝るd its own 的s.

While a few 規制するd markets have been 設立するd by South Korea, the European Union, and the U.S. 明言する/公表する of California, for example, large-規模 二国間の/相互の 協定s or a broader U.N. 枠組み 許すing for international 交流s are not likely to materialize in the 近づく 未来, several 産業 専門家s said.

延期する in 設立するing the 支配するs for the 提案するd U.N.-規制するd market is often used as justification by the 私的な 部門 to take the lead in 財政/金融ing 環境の 事業/計画(する)s by 生成するing and selling credits on the voluntary market.

Ana Carolina Szklo, technical director of the Voluntary 炭素 Markets 率先 (VCMI), said 規制するd 炭素 相殺する markets have proven 高くつく/犠牲の大きい and time-消費するing to 始める,決める up.

"There is a (気候) 緊急 that does not (許す for) this time, which 自然に led to the voluntary market," said Szklo, whose organization 捜し出すs to bring transparency to the market.

CREDIBILITY CRISIS FOR VOLUNTARY CARBON OFFSETS

The voluntary market was 価値(がある) about $2 billion in 2021 and will rea ch $10-40 billion in value by 2030 - transacting 0.5-1.5 billion tonnes of 炭酸ガス 同等(の), up from 500 million tonnes 現在/一般に, energy major 爆撃する said in a January 報告(する)/憶測.

But its 信用性 危機 in the 直面する of growing 批評 and ぼんやり現れるing 規則 are casting 疑問s over what 役割 the voluntary market can play in 気候 活動/戦闘 in the long-称する,呼ぶ/期間/用語 - and if it will be 結局 吸収するd by the 規制するd market.

"We have to 行為/法令/行動する now - we can't wait for 政治家,政治屋s to save the world," said Oscar Schaps, 大統領,/社長 of the Latin American 分割 of 財政上の services company StoneX, during a 審議 at the Latin America 気候 首脳会議 held last month in Panam?.

The voluntary market 直面するd fresh scrutiny in January after an 調査 by the 後見人 and Die Zeit newspapers said that most rainforest credits 認可するd by Verra - a 主要な 基準s group - did not 代表する 本物の 炭素 削減s.

Verra 堅固に 論争d the findings, and said in a 声明 in January that it "develops and continually 改善するs methodologies based on the best-利用できる science and 科学(工学)技術 through rigorous 協議s with many academics and 専門家s".

に引き続いて the 調査, the value of voluntary 炭素 credits from nature 事業/計画(する)s 登録(する)d by Verra - which were already on a downward trajectory - nearly halved, 落ちるing to a 記録,記録的な/記録する low of $2.07 per tonne of CO2 同等(の) in 早期に February, によれば U.S. 交流 操作者 CME Group.

The credits were 貿易(する)ing at about $2.29 as of July 12.

にもかかわらず the market's woes, Verra 問題/発行するd 93 million credits in the first six months of this year, up from 77.8 million credits in the same period for 2022, data on its website shows.

炭素 相殺するs from "避けるd 森林伐採" 事業/計画(する)s have been the foc us of much of the 批評 of the voluntary market.

Through this 機械装置, land that would have been deforested or degraded is instead kept 損なわれていない, with the 続いて起こるing 避けるd 放出/発行s sold as 炭素 credits. Yet there have been 疑問s raised by several academics and 分析家s over the methodology.

分かれて, conservationists in Kenya have said the approach can 燃料 不平等 by 利益ing land owners more than the wider community, while in Brazil, 研究員s and 当局 have (刑事)被告 事業/計画(する) developers of sourcing credits from public or communal land without authorization, based on 無効の 肩書を与えるs.

FROM VOLUNTARY TO REGULATED MARKETS?

The VCMI last month 開始する,打ち上げるd a new code of practice - 部分的に/不公平に 基金d by the British 政府 - which 目的(とする)s to help 投資家s 設立する whether 気候 (人命などを)奪う,主張するs made by companies using 炭素 相殺するs are 信頼できる.

Under the 枠組み, instead of 宣言するing 炭素 中立 達成するd by buying voluntary 相殺するs, companies should make "出資/貢献 (人命などを)奪う,主張するs" based on 放出/発行s mitigation 成果/努力s.

政府s of the countries hosting offsetting 事業/計画(する)s should be able to (人命などを)奪う,主張する the 炭素 mitigation as part of their 国家的に 決定するd 出資/貢献s - 活動/戦闘 計画(する)s to 削減(する) 放出/発行s laid out by the Paris 協定 - said VCMI's Szklo.

Susana V?lez Haller, a 上級の 経営者/支配人 for Verra in Latin America, said she was skeptical over whether the VCMI's new code would 控訴,上告 to the 私的な 部門.

"When companies 投資する they want something in 交流, some sort of advantage", such as (人命などを)奪う,主張するing 炭素 相殺するs, she 追加するd.

Going 今後, the 設立 of 規制するd 国家の and international 炭素 相殺する markets is likely to 取って代わる much of the voluntary one, によれば Haller, yet she sa id the latter would remain an important source of 基金ing for poorer nations.

This is because such countries 欠如(する) the 資源s to keep an updated 在庫 of their 放出/発行s, which will be 要求するd for them to tap into 二国間の/相互の 貿易協定s or a U.N. 規制するd 全世界の market, she explained.

Another 問題/発行する is whether nations will want companies to keep 投資するing in voluntary 炭素 相殺するs 事業/計画(する)s, often overseas, if those 放出/発行s 削減s cannot be counted as 公式の/役人 国家の 出資/貢献s to 気候 活動/戦闘 under a U.N. 枠組み.

"Why would you 許す an unregulated activity to compete with a 規制するd one?" said Carlos de Mathias ツバメs, CEO of EQAO, a Brazilian company that develops 炭素 credit 事業/計画(する)s connected to renewable energy, from hydropower dams to biomass 燃焼.

ツバメs said he 推定する/予想するs 国家の and international 規則s to 結局 吸収する most of the voluntary market.

However, Dirk Forrister, CEO of the International 放出/発行s 貿易(する)ing 協会 (IETA) - a 非,不,無-利益(をあげる) 商売/仕事 協会 - said voluntary and 規制するd markets would be able to coexist.

"In places where you don't have 政府 規則, that's where the voluntary market can really kick in and make a difference", he said. (報告(する)/憶測ing by Andre Cabette Fabio; Editing by Megan Rowling and Kieran Guilbert. The Thomson Reuters 創立/基礎 is the charitable arm of Thomson Reuters. Visit https://www.状況.news/)

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