EXPLAINER-UAW strikes 的 Detroit Three 自動車製造業者s
Sept 16 (Reuters) - The 部隊d 自動車 労働者s (UAW) union on Friday 開始する，打ち上げるd strikes at three U.S. 自動車 工場／植物s after failing to reach an 協定 over new 契約s, the first-ever 同時の labor 活動／戦闘 against the Detroit Three 自動車製造業者s.
The UAW 契約s at General モーターs, Ford モーター and Chrysler parent Stellantis 満了する／死ぬd at 11:59 p.m. EDT on Thursday.
Detroit 自動車製造業者s, like their 全世界の 相当するものs, have been 焦点（を合わせる）d on cost 削減s, which in some 事例／患者s 含む 職業 削減（する）s, to help 加速する a 転換 to electric 乗り物s (EVs) from ガソリン-力／強力にするd 乗り物s.
世界保健機構 IS THE UNION NEGOTIATING WITH?
The UAW, which 代表するs 46,000 GM 労働者s, 57,000 Ford 従業員s and 43,000 Stellantis 労働者s, kicked off 交渉s with the companies in July.
The union 歴史的に has 選ぶd one of the Detroit Three to 交渉する with first as the いわゆる 的 that 始める，決めるs the pattern on which その後の 取引，協定s are based. This time, UAW 大統領 Shawn Fain 的d all three companies 同時に.
契約 会談 between the UAW and the Detroit 自動車製造業者s in past years had gone on until the strike 最終期限 and beyond.
WHAT ARE THE CURRENT OFFERS FROM THE DETROIT THREE?
Stellantis said on Saturday it has 引き上げ（る）d its 行う 申し込む／申し出, 提案するing raises of 20% over a four-and-a-half-year 契約 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語, 含むing an 即座の 10% 引き上げ（る）. That matches 提案s from GM and Ford.
The 自動車製造業者s say the 提案s work out to a cumulative 21% 引き上げ（る） over the period.
WHAT DOES THE UAW HAVE TO SAY ABOUT THE OFFERS?
The union 以前 has 拒絶するd the companies' 申し込む／申し出s. It has 需要・要求するd a 40% w age 引き上げ（る）, 含むing a 20% 即座の 増加する, and 改良s in 利益s.
"We'll 組織する one day longer than they can and go the distance to 勝利，勝つ 経済的な and social 司法（官） at the Big Three," UAW 大統領 Shawn Fain said on Saturday.
WHAT ARE THE UNION'S DEMANDS?
The UAW is 押し進めるing 自動車製造業者s to 除去する the two-tier 行う system under which new 雇うs earn as much as 25% いっそう少なく than 退役軍人s.
Fain has said 繰り返して that the union will 押し進める to 回復する 支払う／賃金 改良s tied to the cost of living and retiree 利益s 削減（する） during the 2008-2009 経済的な 危機.
The UAW also wants strong salary 増加するs, given the 財政上の success of the 自動車製造業者s, 特記する／引用するing generous (n)役員／(a)執行力のある payouts and large U.S. 連邦の 補助金s for EV sales.
The union also wants defined 利益 年金s for all 労働者s 回復するd, 32-hour work weeks and 付加 cost-of-living 引き上げ（る）s, 職業 安全 保証（人）s and an end to the use of 一時的な 労働者s.
Fain also is 目的（とする）ing to get 協定s that would 許す the UAW to 代表する hourly 労働者s at 共同の-投機・賭ける EV 殴打／砲列 工場／植物s opened or planned by the Detroit Three.
The UAW has been 用心深い of the 産業 転換 to EVs and called on the Biden 行政 to 軟化する its 提案するd 乗り物 放出／発行 削減（する）s that would 要求する 67% of new 乗り物s to be electric by 2032.
EVs 要求する より小数の parts to build, and 産業 公式の／役人s have said that will result in a need for より小数の 労働者s. Fain has said there should be no 職業s lost because of the EV 転換.
WHAT DO AUTOMAKERS WANT?
The Detroit Three want to の近くに the cost gap they have with foreign 自動車製造業者s with 非，不，無-unionized U.S. factories.
Ford sources 見積（る） that their U.S. labor costs are $64 an hour, compared with an 概算の $55 for foreign 自動車製造業者s and $45 to $50 for EV leader Tesla.
The companies also want greater 柔軟性 in how they use their U.S. 全労働人口s to 増加する efficiency and 削減（する） costs as the 産業 転換s to EVs.
WHAT IS AT STAKE?
The 産業の 活動／戦闘 攻撃する，衝突する the Detroit Three 自動車製造業者s as they ramp up 成果／努力s to maximize ガソリン and EV 乗り物 生産／産物 to 出資する on 需要・要求する for new 乗り物s.
A 十分な strike would 攻撃する，衝突する 収入s at each 影響する／感情d 自動車製造業者 by about $400 million to $500 million per week assuming all 生産／産物 was lost, Deutsche Bank 以前 概算の. Some losses could be recouped by 上げるing 生産／産物 schedules later, but that 可能性 fades if a strike 延長するs to weeks or months.
In 会計の 2019, GM's fourth-４半期/4分の1 利益（をあげる） took a $3.6 billion 攻撃する，衝突する from a 40-day UAW strike.
A 幅の広い strike could also trickle 負かす／撃墜する and squeeze 年４回の 利益（をあげる）s for 自動車 part 供給者s such as Aptiv, Lear Corp and Magna.
A 10-day strike by the UAW could cost 製造業者s, 労働者s, 供給者s and 売買業者s more than $5 billion, によれば an 分析 by the Anderson 経済的な Group, a 協議するing 会社／堅い.
HOW WIDESPREAD IS THE STRIKE?
The ストライキ on Friday was smaller than some 分析家s 推定する／予想するd, with only three 自動車 工場／植物s in Michigan, Ohio and Missouri 的d. Those 工場／植物s produce the Ford Bronco, Jeep Wrangler and Chevrolet Colorado, along with other popular models. (報告（する）／憶測ing by Nathan Gomes in Bengaluru and Paul Simao in Washington; Editing by Sriraj Kalluvila and Diane （手先の）技術)
