How Qatar swayed イスラエル and Hamas to land a 7-day 一時休戦
By Andrew Mills
DOHA, Dec 1 (Reuters) - Last week, as world leaders 祝日，祝うd Qatar for 仲買人ing a 一時休戦 between イスラエル and Hamas, its 交渉者s 内密に 二塁打d 負かす／撃墜する on their 介入 成果／努力s, fearful the 停戦 would 崩壊（する） before it even started. Working through the night, Qatari 公式の／役人s helped clinch the 決定的な final 詳細（に述べる）s of a 一時休戦 that 最終的に lasted for seven days before 敵意s 再開するd on Friday, permitting the 解放（する） of dozens of 人質s held in Gaza in 交流 for hundreds of Palestinian 囚人s, and the flow of 人道的な 援助（する） into the 粉々にするd 沿岸の （土地などの）細長い一片. Qatar said on Friday it was working with both 味方するs to 修理 the 取引，協定.
Reuters has pieced together the most 詳細（に述べる）d account to date of how Qatar's 調停者s in Doha 橋（渡しをする）d the divide between イスラエル and Hamas on Nov. 22. It 申し込む／申し出s a glimpse of Qatar's muscular approach in 会談 between what one 公式の／役人 伴う／関わるd in the 交渉s called "two parties that have 無 level of 信用／信任 in each other."
When the 初めの 一時休戦 協定 was 明かすd last week, there were real 恐れるs it would never get off the ground, one of Qatar's lead 交渉者s, career 外交官 Abdullah Al Sulaiti, said.
"I thought we were going to lose it and that the 協定 wouldn't 飛行機で行く," he said in an interview. The 取引，協定 covering the 一時休戦 and …を伴ってing 囚人 and 人質 交流s had been loosely worded.
The tiny 湾 明言する／公表する's 交渉者s knew イスラエル and Hamas had yet to agree on when, or how, the 停戦 and the 交換（する） would begin, によれば sources in Qatar, the Palestinian 領土s and Egypt familiar with the high-火刑／賭けるs 会談.
It was necessary to 明らかにする all the points in the 協定 and make sure they meant the same thing to イスラエル and Hamas, a sourc e 簡潔な／要約するd on the 交渉s said.
For example, the Israeli 味方する had 誓約（する）d to "park" 戦車／タンクs it was using inside the Gaza （土地などの）細長い一片, but nobody had agreed on what that meant on the ground, said the source, who asked not to be 指名するd because of the 極度の慎重さを要する nature of the 会談.
To remain 焦点（を合わせる）d, Qatari 総理大臣 Sheikh Mohammed 貯蔵所 Abdulrahman Al Thani （疑いを）晴らすd his 協議事項, cancelling planned trips to Moscow and London, the source 簡潔な／要約するd on the 交渉s said.
Inside one of his Doha offices on the afternoon of Wednesday, Nov. 22, Sheikh Mohammed kicked off a new 一連の会議、交渉／完成する of 交渉s just hours after the 一時休戦 had been 明かすd, the source said.
In the 首相's main 会合 were the Mossad 長，指導者, David Barnea, who had flown in from イスラエル for at least the third time since the beginning of the war, and a 代表 of Egyptian 知能 officers. The Qataris used a separate room to call Hamas 委任する／代表s who had remained in their 郊外住宅 office across town, the source said.
Instead of 簡単に passing on messages from one 味方する to the other, the Qataris' approach to 介入 was to be proactive and throw their 負わせる into 交渉s, によれば a U.S. 公式の／役人 familiar with the 事柄 and Egyptian 安全 sources.
Doha had already used such 策略 to 押し進める for 解答s to の近くに the gaps in 需要・要求するs between イスラエル and Hamas, 顕著に when 交渉者s 取り組むd the 極度の慎重さを要する 問題／発行する of 人質s ahead of the first 一時休戦 告示, the U.S. 公式の／役人 said.
The U.S. Department of 明言する／公表する and the Hamas political office in Doha did not 答える／応じる to 詳細（に述べる）d questions for this article. The office of Israeli 総理大臣 Benjamin Netanyahu, which 監督するs Mossad, 拒絶する／低下するd to comment.
Qatar's foreign 省 told reporters that Hamas and イスラエル n egotiated in Doha until "the 早期に morning" of Nov. 23 and agreed on a 計画（する） to 器具／実施する the 一時休戦 取引，協定 the next day. It did not 答える／応じる to a request for comment for this story.
NOT "POSTMEN"
At the start of the 交渉s, the Netanyahu 行政 had said it would not 交換（する） Palestinian 囚人s held in イスラエル for 人質s held in Gaza. Hamas, which in 2011 had 得るd the 解放 of more than 1,000 Palestinian 囚人s 拘留するd in イスラエル in 交流 for the 解放（する） of one Israeli 兵士, made high 需要・要求するs, people familiar with the 交渉s said.
The two 味方するs 結局 agreed on a 割合 of three Palestinian 囚人s for each 非軍事の 人質.
The 重要な, the Qatari 公式の／役人 伴う／関わるd in the 交渉s said, was to 修正する what was 存在 提案するd by one 味方する until it became 許容できる by the other.
"We say 'Listen, let's have a second 一連の会議、交渉／完成する of discussions with you before we send the 提案,'" he said, speaking on the 条件 of anonymity.
"If we decided to be like postmen and 配達する letters only, I 疑問 that we would have finished this 協定."
On Nov. 22, Qatari 特使s worked the phones and moved 支援する and 前へ／外へ between different rooms, the source 簡潔な／要約するd on the 交渉s said.
Qatari 交渉者s shepherded イスラエル and Hamas to agree on 正確に／まさに where in Gaza Israeli 戦車／タンクs would be 駅／配置するd during the 一時休戦. 類似して, they 仲買人d an 協定 on how Israeli 兵士s would 会合，会う a Hamas 需要・要求する to vacate Gaza hospitals, 含むing Al Shifa, where they had taken positions, the source said.
The 交渉者s, some of whom have been 伴う／関わるd in イスラエル-Hamas 介入s since 2014, also needed to work out a 決定的な element: a 保護（する）／緊急輸入制限 機械装置 designed to 確実にする that any small 違反 in t he 停戦 would not 原因（となる） it to 崩壊（する）, he said.
They managed to get both 味方するs to 調印する off on 明確な／細部 手続きs they would have to follow in the event of an 出来事/事件, reviewing 詳細（に述べる）d シナリオs such as 砲火 or 戦車／タンク movements, he said.
The 機械装置 was 活動させる／戦時編成するd すぐに after the 一時休戦 （機の）カム into 軍隊, when Israeli 兵士s opened 解雇する／砲火／射撃 on Palestinians trying to move to northern Gaza, the source said.
About five hours into the 会合, Qatar's 首長 Sheikh Tamim 貯蔵所 Hamad Al Thani spoke on the phone with U.S. 大統領 Joe Biden and discussed the 取引，協定's 実施, によれば the White House readout of the call.
After the マラソン 開会／開廷／会期 was over some hours later, Qatar's foreign 省 発表するd the 一時休戦 would come into 軍隊 on Friday, Nov. 24 at 7 a.m. in Gaza.
GO-TO MEDIATOR
As one of the very few countries with an open line of communication to both イスラエル and Hamas, gas-rich Qatar has 現れるd as the lead go-to 交渉者 in the weeks-long war that began with Hamas attack on Oct. 7. In 新規加入 to the U.S., Russia has also 賞賛するd the 役割 of its "Qatari friends."
Qatar's 介入 has also elicited 批評 in the West, with some U.S. and European 政治家，政治屋s 告発する／非難するing the 湾 明言する／公表する of supporting a group, Hamas, they regard as a テロリスト organization.
The ambivalence was on 十分な 陳列する，発揮する when Sheikh Tamim landed in Berlin last month: "公式訪問 by the 血 首長," said an Oct. 12 旗，新聞一面トップの大見出し／大々的に報道する headline on German newspaper Bild. Qatari 公式の／役人s say they began hosting Hamas 代表者／国会議員s in Doha in 2012 at Washington's request, when the Palestinian 交戦的なs' political office was 追い出すd from Syria. イスラエル vets all 財政上の 移転s Qatar makes to Palestinians in Gaza, Qatari sources have said.
Qatar's personal 関係 to the 交戦的な group's 重要な 人物／姿／数字s is perhaps the most important factor behind Qatar's ability to 効果的に 交渉する in this 衝突, said Mehran Kamrava, professor of 政府 at Georgetown University in Qatar.
"They say, 'Look. We've 供給するd an office and logistical support at tremendous reputational cost...We were the only ones who were there for you when you needed us and now is the time when you need to return the favour,'" he said.
にもかかわらず proximity to Hamas 公式の／役人s, Qatari 交渉者s did not speak 直接／まっすぐに to the group's leaders in Gaza, but through its 代表者／国会議員s based in Doha. The communication chain broke several times, at one point for two 十分な 連続した days, during the month and a half of 激しい fighting that に先行するd the Nov. 24 一時休戦, because of 力／強力にする outage or Israeli shutdown, the source 簡潔な／要約するd on the 会談 said.
Mossad often plays a 外交の 役割 in イスラエル's 取引 with Qatar, because the two countries do not have formal 外交関係, a 状況／情勢 that one Western source in the 湾 said also slowed the 過程.
Netanyahu has sworn to 絶滅する Hamas, which 支配するs Gaza, in 返答 to the Oct. 7 rampage by the 交戦的な group, when イスラエル says gunmen killed 1,200 people and took 240 人質s.
In 返答, イスラエル 砲撃するd the 領土 for seven weeks and killed more than 15,000 Palestinians, によれば health 当局 in the 沿岸の （土地などの）細長い一片.
Since the pause in fighting began, around 100 人質s have been 解放（する）d from Gaza, 含むing 非，不，無-Israelis. イスラエル has 解放（する）d at least 210 Palestinians from its 刑務所，拘置所s and 許すd 救済 organizations to 増加する 出荷／船積みs of 人道的な 援助（する） and 燃料 to Gaza.
Speaking to Reuters days after the 停戦 started, Al Sulaiti, the Qatari 調停者, said his work was far from over.
"At the beginning I thought 達成するing an 協定 would be the most difficult step," said the civil servant who has been 伴う／関わるd in イスラエル-Hamas 介入s since 2014. "I've discovered that 支えるing the 協定 itself is 平等に challenging."
The 一時休戦 lasted almost 正確に／まさに a week. 敵意s 再開するd on Friday after イスラエル （刑事）被告 Hamas of 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing ロケット／急騰するs and 取り消すing on a 取引，協定 to 解放する／自由な all women held as 人質s.
(付加 報告（する）／憶測ing by Ahmed Mohamed Hassan in Cairo, Nidal al-Mughrabi in Cairo, Matt Spetalnick in Washington and Dan Williams in Jerusalem; 令状ing by David Gauthier-Villars; Editing by Frank Jack Daniel.)
