弾丸s trump rehab as Asia quickens "failing" war on 麻薬s
By Andrew R.C. Marshall and Antoni Slodkowski
BANGKOK/YANGON, Sept 11 (Reuters) - The Philippines has 開始する，打ち上げるd a 血まみれの "war on 麻薬s" that has killed at least 2,400 people in just two months, while 隣人ing Indonesia has 宣言するd a "麻薬s 緊急" and 再開するd 遂行する／発効させるing 麻薬 罪人／有罪を宣告するs after a long hiatus.
In Thailand and Myanmar, petty 麻薬 使用者s are 存在 宣告，判決d to long 刑務所，拘置所 条件 in 刑務所，拘置所s already bursting at the seams.
The 急に上がるing 人気 of methamphetamine - a cheap and 高度に 中毒の 麻薬 also known as meth - is 運動ing countries across Asia to 可決する・採択する 強行路線 anti-麻薬s 政策s. 専門家s say they are likely to only make things worse.
Geoff Monaghan has seen it all before. He 調査／捜査するd narco-trafficking ギャング（団）s during his 30-year career as a 探偵，刑事 with London's 主要都市の Police, then 証言，証人／目撃するd the 衝撃 of draconian anti-麻薬 政策s as an HIV/エイズ 専門家 in Russia.
"We have plenty of data but often we forget the history," said Monaghan. "That's the problem."
He believes 大統領 Rodrigo Duterte's anti-麻薬s （選挙などの）運動をする in the Philippines will 燃料 more 暴力／激しさ and 堅固に守る rather than uproot trafficking 網状組織s. "I'm very fearful about the 状況／情勢," he said.
反映するing the 地域の 爆発 in use, the 量 of meth 掴むd in East and Southeast Asia almos t quadrupled from about 11 トンs in 2009 to 42 トンs in 2013, said the 国際連合 Office on 麻薬s and 罪，犯罪 (UNODC).
The only 地域 掴むing more meth was North America, where the にわか景気ing 貿易（する） 奮起させるd the popular television series "Breaking Bad".
Meth was the "最初の／主要な 麻薬 of 関心" in nine Asian countries, the UNODC said, 含むing Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, Japan and South Korea.
PLAYING CATCH-UP
A rising chorus of 専門家s 非難する this 殺到する in 生産／産物 and use of meth in Asia on 効果のない／無能な and even counterproductive 政府 返答s.
They say 国家の 麻薬-支配（する）／統制する 政策s are skewed に向かって 厳しい 対策 that criminalise 使用者s but have failed to 信頼できる the deluge of 麻薬s or catch the 中心人物s behind it.
They also want a greater 強調 on 減ずるing 需要・要求する through more and better 質 麻薬 rehabilitation.
"There is so much scaremongering and hysteria surrounding the 問題／発行する of 麻薬s," says Gloria Lai of the International 麻薬 政策 国際借款団／連合 (IDPC), a 全世界の 網状組織 of 154 非，不，無-政治の groups. "That's a disincentive for challenging old ways of thinking."
Meth is a transnational 商売／仕事, 価値（がある） around $15 billion in 本土／大陸 Southeast Asia alone in 2013, the UNODC says.
Much of the 生産／産物 takes place in 研究室／実験室s in lawless western Myanmar. 成分s such as pseudoephedrine and caffeine are 密輸するd across porous 国境s from India, 中国 and Vietnam.
Laos and Thailand are major trafficking 大勝するs, with the finished 製品 travelling by road or along the Mekong River for 配当 throughou t Southeast Asia and 中国.
Meth is sold in cheap pills called "ya ba", a Thai 指名する meaning "crazy 薬／医学", or in a more potent, crystalline form known as "水晶 meth", "ice" or "shabu".
Contraband is 効果的に hidden まっただ中に rising 容積／容量s of 地域の 貿易（する）, leaving 法律 施行 to play catch-up, said Jeremy Douglas, the UNODC's Asia 太平洋の 長，指導者.
"We need to start thinking about big-time 地域の 約束／交戦, up to the highest level. It's impossible to を取り引きする the problem on a country-by-country basis," he said.
"I can't 解任する the last time a major trafficking 中心人物 was caught."
SOCIAL COST
The meth 爆発 carries 抱擁する social consequences: overburdened health services, overcrowded 刑務所，拘置所s, families and communities torn apart.
Small-time 使用者s and 売買業者s 耐える the brunt of unsparing 法律 施行 that is popular in 罪，犯罪-疲れた／うんざりした communities. In 中央の-July, as 麻薬 war 殺人，大当りs 増大するd in the Philippines, one 調査する put 大統領 Duterte's 是認 率ing at 91 パーセント.
Thailand 開始する，打ち上げるd an 平等に popular "war on 麻薬s" in 2003 that killed about 2,800 people in three months. But 人物／姿／数字s show it had no 継続している 衝撃 on meth 供給（する） or 需要・要求する in Thailand.
"The world has lost the war on 麻薬s, not only Thailand," the country's 司法（官） 大臣 Paiboon Koomchaya told Reuters in July.
Paiboon hinted at a 過激な 転換 in 政策, 説 he 手配中の，お尋ね者 to reclassify meth to 減ずる 宣告，判決s for 所有するing and 取引，協定ing the 麻薬.
For now though, Thailand continues to 刑務所，拘置所 thousands of petty 麻薬 使用者s, with about 70 パーセント of its 300,00 0 or so 囚人s 刑務所，拘置所d on 麻薬s offences, によれば 政府 data.
TOUGH TO TREAT
Meth 中毒 is 堅い to 扱う／治療する, ideally 要求するing 高くつく／犠牲の大きい and time-消費するing counselling. Long-称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 use can 原因（となる） changes in brain structure and 機能（する）／行事.
In March, U.S. 大統領 Barack Obama said 麻薬 dependency should be seen as "a public health problem and not a 犯罪の problem", part of a 企て，努力，提案 to roll 支援する a "war on 麻薬s" begun in the 1970s and now 広範囲にわたって seen as a 失敗.
政策 in Asia is 大部分は moving in the opposite direction, with 麻薬 rehabilitation underfunded and 不十分な.
いっそう少なく than 1 パーセント of 扶養家族 麻薬 使用者s in Indonesia got 治療 in 2014, said the UNODC. 欠如（する）ing 代案／選択肢s, desperate Indonesians 訴える手段／行楽地 to herbal baths, Islamic 祈り and other 治療（薬）s of unproven efficacy.
"Rehab" in many countries often means 拘留，拘置 at a 明言する／公表する 施設. In Thailand, thousands of 使用者s are held at army （軍の）野営地，陣営s for four months. Relapse 率s at 麻薬 拘留，拘置 centres 範囲 from 60-90 パーセント, says the World Health Organisation.
"Often, the 政府 返答 原因（となる）s more 害（を与える） to an individual than the 麻薬 itself," said the IDPC's Lai.
証拠 shows that the most 効果的な 治療 is voluntary and community-based. A 2015 熟考する／考慮する in Malaysia 設立する that half the people at compulsory centres relapsed within 32 days of 解放（する）, compared with 429 days for those who had volunteered for 治療.
取り組むing 需要・要求する is 複雑にするd by meth's 幅の広い 控訴，上告 across different ages, professions and social classes.
In Myanmar, 手動式の labourers clai m that smoking ya ba 上げるs their stamina, while students say it 上げるs their grades.
A Yangon student who asked to be identified by the 愛称 "Nick" told Reuters at a grim 明言する／公表する-run rehab clinic that he smoked ya ba to help him concentrate on his 熟考する／考慮するs.
When asked how many of his fellow students also used it, Nick replied: "Almost all of them." (付加 報告（する）／憶測ing by Amy Sawitta Lefevre and Patpicha Tanakasempipat in Bangkok, Kanupriya Kapoor in Jakarta and Wa 孤独な in Yangon; Editing by Alex Richardson)
