In Nigeria, 援助（する） 機関s 捜し出す to kindle hope for life after Boko Haram
By Kieran Guilbert
MAIDUGURI, Nigeria, Feb 7 (Thomson Reuters 創立／基礎) - A lmost two years after Boko Haram 交戦的なs attacked his hometown in northeast Nigeria, killed his 隣人s and 軍隊d his family to 逃げる to safety, Ibrahim Usman 直面するs a 窮地.
Either he, his wife and five children stay in their 一時しのぎの物，策 避難所 in Maiduguri, the 資本／首都 of Borno 明言する／公表する, and 危険 餓死, or they return home to a town 減ずるd to がれき, and the 脅し of その上の 暴力／激しさ from the jihadists.
"The 状況／情勢 for the 追い出すd here is so desperate that some people will go 支援する even if their village is not 安全な, even if there is a 危険 of 存在 killed," he said, walking through a maze of flimsy huts packed together on a small 陰謀（を企てる） of land.
Boko Haram's seven-year 企て，努力，提案 to create an Islamic 明言する／公表する in northeast Nigeria has uprooted 1.8 million people - three in four of whom are residing in 地元の communities, rather than in （軍の）野営地，陣営s - says the International Organization for 移住.
This has fuelled 緊張s and piled 圧力 on services and 組織／基盤／下部構造 - from schools and clinics to 洗面所s - in these stretched communities, leaving people ますます 扶養家族 on dwindling 援助（する） in a 地域 where food and 避難所 are 不十分な.
まっただ中に the 緊張する, more than 90 パーセント of the 追い出すd are 反対／詐欺s idering going home as Nigeria's army 奪い返すs 支配（する）／統制する of more areas held by Boko Haram, said the U.N. 難民 機関 (国連難民高等弁務官).
援助（する） 機関s now 直面する a 二塁打 challenge: to think beyond 伝統的な 援助（する） and find ways to help host communities 対処する with the 現在進行中の 圧力 on their 資源s; and to 補助装置 the 追い出すd planning to 再構築する their lives 支援する home.
The needs are 抱擁する on both 前線s - from 供給するing people with 技術s and 職業s, to 再開するing 農業 and markets - in a 地域 where long-称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 開発 and resilience-building 成果／努力s have been 限られた／立憲的な, 援助（する） 専門家s told the Thomson Reuters 創立／基礎.
"It is （疑いを）晴らす that 人道的な handouts will not solve problems for that many people," said Lucky Musonda, 広報担当者 for the 国際連合 開発 Programme.
"Resilience is kicking in now but it is just the beginning," Musonda 追加するd. "It helps 保存する hope for the 未来... that people can have better lives than they did before the 危機."
LACK OF FUNDING
投資 in services, 組織／基盤／下部構造 and 経済成長 has long been 欠如（する）ing in mostly イスラム教徒 northeast Nigeria, によれば 地元のs who say it has been 除外するd from １０年間s of petro-dollars flowing into Africa's 最高の，を越す oil 生産者.
While Boko Haram's 血まみれの 暴動, starting in 2009, made things even worse, 成果／努力s to bounce 支援する from the 危機 by the 明言する／公表する, 寄贈者s and 援助（する） 機関s are 進行中で, albeit moving slowly, said Adrian Ouvry, a 人道的な 助言者 at Mercy 軍団.
"There is a 欠如（する） of knowledge about what building resilience 現実に means," said Ouvry, 特記する／引用するing examples such as 青年 empowerment, 気候-smart 農業 and 回復するing peace to communities fractured by the 衝突. "Communities have mostly been left to manage as best they can by themselves."
調整するing 援助（する） in the 地域 has 証明するd a major challenge for Nigeria, which has not 直面するd such a 人道的な 危機 since a 1967-70 civil war in which a million people died, and is grappling with its first 後退，不況 in 25 years as oil prices 落ちる.
緊張s have ゆらめくd between the 政府 and 援助（する） 機関s over the 規模 of hunger in the northeast, which is 苦しむing from a 欠如（する） of 基金ing from international 寄贈者s, 専門家s say.
The 国際連合 in December 二塁打d its 援助（する） 控訴，上告 for the northeast to $1 billion for 2017 in a 企て，努力，提案 to help some 7 million people. Last year's $484 million 控訴，上告 has only been 53 パーセント 基金d, the U.N.'s 財政上の 跡をつけるing Service shows.
"寄贈者s see Nigeria as a strong economy that should be able to 料金d its own people, while the 政府 has been too proud at times to 収容する／認める it needs 援助（する）," said one 人道的な 労働者 in Maiduguri who asked not to be 指名するd 予定 to the sensitivity of the 問題／発行する.
UNDER THE RADAR
列ing for the one latrine 株d by hundreds of 追い出すd people, mother-of-six Hauwa Adam is tired of waiting - for the 洗面所, for healthcare, for water, but おもに, for food.
Surrounded by dozens of her 隣人s who fled their village in Kala Balge together when Boko Haram struck in 2015, Adam complained of 時折起こる food 援助（する） 配達／演説／出産s.
"We never know when 援助（する） will arrive - we can't keep on living like this," said Adam, who has lived in a cramped hut on a 私的な 陰謀（を企てる） of land in Maiduguri for almost two years.
T hese small groups of 追い出すd people living on 明言する／公表する or 私的な land are 非常に／多数の across the city, yet their size means they are often neglected in 援助（する） 配当s while they cannot 接近 地元の services, said Francis Tabu, 緊急 programme co-ordinator for the International 医療の 軍団.
"If it's just 50 or 100 people, they often go under the レーダ and 結局最後にはーなる without support from the 明言する／公表する, 援助（する） actors or 地元の people," he said. "They're 落ちるing through the 割れ目s."
But 援助（する） groups, 含むing the Danish 難民 会議 (DRC), are 捜し出すing to 上げる resilience in the area by 投資するing in services and 組織／基盤／下部構造 that not only 利益 the 追い出すd in the short 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語, but also 地元の communities in the long run.
対話 and planning are 重要な to 確実にする 事業／計画（する）s, from 井戸／弁護士席s and 洗面所s to health clinics, 会合，会う the needs of 地元の 居住（者）s and landowners, and will continue to do so once the 追い出すd return home, said DRC 暫定的な country director Christian Gad.
"When we take community needs and 関心s into account, we can 緩和する 緊張s and 競争 over meagre 資源s," he said.
TIME TO REBUILD
密談する／（身体を）寄せ集めるd around sewing machines in a （人が）群がるd training centre in Maiduguri, dozens of uprooted women made dresses and caps, while a group of men outside were taught carpentry 技術s.
より小数の than one in five 追い出すd 世帯s has any source of income, 軍隊ing many to spend their 貯金 and sell 資産s, thus 妨げるing their ability to 回復する in the 未来, said the U.N. Office for the 調整 of 人道的な 事件／事情／状勢s.
Teaching the 追い出すd profitable 技術s helps them not only to 料金d their families, but also to 直す／買収する，八百長をする the d amage done by Boko Haram, said James Banjo, a 暮らしs 顧問 for the 国連難民高等弁務官.
"The carpenters we train are helping the 明言する／公表する 政府 to 修理 損失d buildings in some areas," Banjo said.
"For those learning to make 着せる／賦与するs, we 供給する entrepreneur training, help them to 始める，決める up 商売／仕事s and encourage them to teach others. The goal is to make people いっそう少なく 扶養家族 on 援助（する）."
Such 適切な時期s may even dissuade some from returning home, which would 増加する the need to enable the areas where they settle to 融通する larger 全住民s, said the World Bank and the London-based Overseas 開発 学校／設ける (ODI).
"The biggest challenge is to create 経済的な 適切な時期s for the host communities 同様に as the 追い出すd," said Sherine El Taraboulsi-McCarthy, a 研究 fellow at the ODI. (報告（する）／憶測ing by Kieran Guilbert, editing by Megan Rowling; Please credit the Thomson Reuters 創立／基礎, the charitable arm of Thomson Reuters, that covers 人道的な news, women's 権利s, trafficking, 所有物／資産／財産 権利s, 気候 change and resilience. Visit http://news.信用.org)
