Afghan women 難民s resurrected as India's plastic waste 軍人s
By Nita Bhalla
NEW DELHI, June 23 (Thomson Reuters 創立／基礎) - Farah Naz is used to attracting scathing 発言／述べるs and disapproving looks from 隣人s in her Afghan 難民 community as she leaves for work each day.
They tell her she is "not a good woman", what she is doing is "shameful" and that her rightful place is inside her south Delhi home - caring for her sick husband and five children.
But after 逃げるing the Taliban five years ago - where she was drenched in kerosene and almost burnt alive, her husband was ordered killed, and her children were 脅すd with 誘拐する - the 32-year-old 難民 woman is past caring what people think.
She is on her way to becoming a 商売／仕事 woman.
"I had no choice but to work, and now I am proud," said Naz. "I am feeding my family and changing the 見解（をとる） of women in my community, but most importantly I am doing a 職業 which is showing that 難民s also can do something good."
Naz is one of five Afghan 難民 women who are not only 戦う／戦いing 伝統的な gender 役割s by going out to work, but who have also become ありそうもない 軍人s in the Indian 資本／首都's fight to 抑制（する） plastic waste 汚染.
The 仕事 is 巨大な and 10 手渡すs will not solve it. But this 事業／計画（する） is 伸び（る）ing international support for its twin 役割s of 演説（する）／住所ing India's chronic waste problem and 権力を与えるing 難民 women who often flounder in their 可決する・採択するd 母国s.
雇うd under "事業／計画（する） Patradya" - an 率先 led by Delhi University students - the Afghan women produce and 供給（する） edible bowls, cups and cutlery to cafes and ice-cream parlours as an 代案／選択肢 to 非，不，無-biodegradable plastic ones.
Made from millet and wheat flour, the 薄焼きパン／素焼陶器-like tableware is 伸び（る）ing 人気 in the West as a 維持できる, 環境-friendly 選択 to 使い捨てできる plastic utensils, and those behind the 率先 believe India is an 未開発の market.
"We 手配中の，お尋ね者 to create a social 企業 model which was not only looking at 改善するing the 環境 but also had a 商売／仕事 計画（する） that could 雇う 除外するd communities such as 難民s," said 20-year-old 商業 student Nishchay Hans.
PLAGUED WITH PLASTIC POLLUTION
Hans is one of more than 40 students at Kirori Mal College (KMC) who are part of Enactus, a charity that supports young people across the world work with poor communities and build 維持できる, eco-friendly 商売／仕事s.
Their 事業／計画（する）s 範囲 from creating 動きやすい salons for 失業した hairdressers in Ghana to working with 村人s in Malaysia to build home stays - all with the 目的（とする） of 結局 手渡すing over the 商売／仕事s to communities to run themselves.
With New Delhi 生成するing around 650 metric tonnes (650,000 kg) of plastic waste daily, only 60 パーセント of which is 再生利用するd, KMC students honed in on plastic 汚染 as a serious and neglected social problem.
They 設立する 使い捨てできる plastic plates, bowls, cups and utensils （不足などを）補う much of the plastic waste in Delhi's burgeoning landfills, where it can （問題を）取り上げる to up to 1,000 years to 分解する and 漏れる 汚染物s into the 国／地域 and water.
Most of the litter and 汚染 影響する／感情ing oceans also derives from plastics. This has 悲惨な consequences for 海洋 種類, which in turn is harmful for those その上の up the food chain, 含むing humans, who 消費する the 汚染するd fish.
During their months of 研究, the students visited Delhi cafes and 協議するd restaurateurs, パン職人s and 顧客s -- 結局 settling on the idea of edible tableware as an 代案／選択肢 to use-and-throw utensils.
The students then approached the city's 難民s to join their 投機・賭ける in a move welcomed by the 国際連合.
"Not only are 難民s learning 価値のある new 技術s, they are also part of a meaningful and innovative 率先," said Ipshita Sengupta, 政策 associate at the U.N. 難民 機関.
"Such 事業／計画（する）s 論証する that 難民s are active members of our society making 肯定的な 出資／貢献s to the communities they live in."
BOMB BLASTS TO BUSINESS WOMEN
India - a 安全な 港／避難所 in a volatile 地域 - is home to more than 200,000 難民s and 亡命 探検者s, many of whom were 軍隊d to 逃げる 衝突 or 迫害 in 隣人ing countries such as Sri Lanka, 中国, Afghanistan and Myanmar.
But the country has not 調印するd the 目印 1951 難民 条約, which （一定の）期間s out the 合法的な 義務s of 明言する／公表するs to 保護する 難民s, nor does it have any 国内の 法律制定 in place to 確実にする their basic 権利s.
As a result, many 難民s are 攻撃を受けやすい to いやがらせ and 開発／利用. They cannot easily 接近 education and health services and 耐える 職業 差別 and low 支払う／賃金.
The 11,000-加える Afghan 難民s in India fare better than some other poor communities, but many still live 手渡す to mouth.
適切な時期s to 改善する their lives and 伸び（る） new 技術s are 限られた／立憲的な, so when Naz and the four other women were 申し込む／申し出d the chance to join 事業／計画（する） Patradya, they did not hesitate.
Most are the wives of once 豊富な businessmen who had good lives in Kabul, but the constant 恐れる of 自殺 attacks at schools, 爆弾 爆破s at markets and death and ゆすり，強要 脅しs from the Taliban left them with to choice but to 逃げる.
In India now for almost five years, the 役割s have 逆転するd and these women are the breadwinners - some now 未亡人s, others have husbands who are too sick to work or unable to find a 職業.
They work five hours daily at a charity office, above a 金物類／武器類 蓄える／店 along the bustling 狭くする 小道／航路s of Bhogal market, where they sit around a large （米）棚上げする／（英）提議する, carefully kneading and rolling dough, cutting and placing it into baking moulds.
同様に as making the 製品s, the women are also trained in sales and marketing, 会合，会う 顧客s and take orders, with the understanding they will run the 商売／仕事 within three years.
Patradya has been in 操作／手術 for six months and is 現在／一般に 供給（する）ing edible tableware to 10 cafes and ice-cream parlours in Del hi, 同様に as taking online orders.
The women are turning over a small 利益（をあげる）, 普通の／平均（する）ing 7,500 rupees ($115) 月毎の, which is divided 平等に between them.
"It's just the beginning, so the money is not much," said Hasiba Fata, a 41-year-old mother of four, as she ぱらぱら雨d flour over the ball of dough in 前線 of her.
"But we are excited about the idea that we can become 商売／仕事 women and run our own company, 雇う other people and also do something for the 環境. Maybe it's possible." (報告（する）／憶測ing by Nita Bhalla @nitabhalla, Editing by Lyndsay Griffiths. Please credit the Thomson Reuters 創立／基礎, the charitable arm of Thomson Reuters, that covers 人道的な news, women's 権利s, trafficking, 所有物／資産／財産 権利s, 気候 change and resilience. Visit http://news.信用.org)
