Bhutan's Karma and the 追跡 of happiness?

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As you come out of the Paro International Airport in Bhutan, the first thing which strikes you is that the Land of the Dragon (Druk-yul) is different from any the other place you may have visited.

Though a modern 明言する／公表する, it has 保持するd its architecture, 伝統的な dresses, language, の中で others.

As importantly, Druk-yul has also kept its independence, which has not been the 事例／患者 of its once powerful northern 隣人, Tibet.

総理大臣 Narendra Modi shakes 手渡すs with Bhutan's King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck

While both Himalayan 明言する／公表するs 機能（する）／行事d in a 完全にする 自治権のある (and often reclusive) manner for centuries, Tibet became a 植民地 of 中国 in 1950.

One question comes すぐに to mind: how did Bhutan manage to keep its 'independence'?

History

Tibet's 最近の history is 井戸／弁護士席 known: a 残虐な 軍隊, with its 戦略の and 観念的な designs, took over the 平和的な land of the Dalai Lamas.

The 共産主義者 侵略 was so violent that more than one million Tibetans 死なせる／死ぬd during the first １０年間s.

It is perhaps 予定 to some 肉親，親類d of good karma that Bhutan did not have to go through such an ordeal, though its 場所 is 極端に 戦略の.

Bhutan has 保持するd its architecture, 伝統的な dresses, and language

Tibet's Chumbi Valley, 挟むd between Haa 地区 of Bhutan and Sikkim, 命令（する）s the 入ること／参加（者） to the 攻撃を受けやすい 'Siliguri 回廊（地帯）'.

India's support to the Happy Kingdom has been 決定的な. Article I of the 1949 条約 of Peace and Friendship says: 'There shall be perpetual peace and friendship between the 政府 of India a nd the 政府 of Bhutan.'

The Article II 保証するs Bhutan against any 干渉，妨害: 'The 政府 of India 請け負うs to 演習 no 干渉，妨害 in the 内部の 行政 of Bhutan.'?

However during a few １０年間s, the 王室の 政府 agreed 'to be guided by the advice of the 政府 of India in regard to its 外部の relations.'

In 1971, it is Delhi who sponsored Bhutan's candidature to the UN; it was then wisely decided that Thimphu would have no 外交関係 with any of the 永久の members of the 安全 会議 (India has had an 大使館 in Thimphu since 1968).?

In 1981, Bhutan became '全世界の' and joined the International 通貨の 基金 and World Bank, and a year later the World Health Organisation and UNESCO.

Tibetan spiritual leader the 14th Dalai Lama and India's first 総理大臣, Jawaharlal Nehru

An active SAARC member, Bhutan has today 外交関係 with 52 明言する／公表するs and the European Union.

But this does not explain how Bhutan has kept its Buddhist tradition so remarkably alive.

My 結論, after a 10-day sojourn in Bhutan, is that the 王室の 政府 has 首尾よく managed to 取り組む the 'migrants' 問題／発行する.

移住' is everywhere a 極度の慎重さを要する 事柄. The French 当局 have decided to 避難させる over 2,000 migrants from a 一時しのぎの物，策 （軍の）野営地，陣営 位置を示すd 近づく the Stalingrad metro 駅／配置する in Paris.

Earlier in the week, Reuters 報告（する）／憶測d: 'Demolition teams finished 涙／ほころびing 負かす／撃墜する unoccupied shacks and テントs in the northern seaside town on Monday after last week's 避難／引き上げ of thousands of migrants from the 'ジャングル' （軍の）野営地，陣営 where more than 6,000 people were living, most in the hope of making it across the Channel to Britain.'

窮地

Some 10 years ago, Bhutan 直面するd its own eviction 窮地 when the Lhotshampas, or Bhutanese of Nepali origin, had to be 再定住させるd to third countries, まず第一に／本来 the US, Canada, Australia and the UK.

In the late 1980s, the Bhutanese 政府 had 概算の 28 per cent of the Bhutanese 全住民 to be of Nepalese origin (非公式の 見積（る）s ran as high as 30-40 per cent).

The result of the 国勢（人口）調査 led to 指名する Nepali 難民s as '違法な 移民，移住（する）s'. A year later, Thimphu decided to stand by its own 身元: the 国家の dress code was made mandato ry.

All 国民s, 含むing the Lhotshampas, were 要求するd to follow the dress code in public during 商売／仕事 hours.

Then, the 政府 除去するd Nepali as a language of 指示／教授／教育 in schools, making Dzongkha, the 国家の language, compulsory.

The Human 権利s organisation pointed an 告発する／非難するing finger at Thimphu, which stood by its 決定／判定勝ち（する）, because Nepali influx has not been something new to Bhutan.??

Already in March 1954, volunteers of the Bhutan 明言する／公表する 議会 (defending the Nepali '原因（となる）') marched from India across the 国境 to 開始する，打ち上げる a satyagraha at Sarbhang in southern Bhutan, where thousands of Nepali Bhutanese lived.

They were 抗議するing against the 治療 of the 'migrants'.

Tibetan 孤児s arrive in Pathankot, India o n April 1963, with american 軍の 計画（する）s to reach by bus Dharamsala where Dalai Lama took 避難

身元

The Indian 総理大臣, Jawaharlal Nehru, had to 令状 to his Nepali 相当するもの: 'A number of Nepali organisations are organising satyagraha in Bhutan.

'They have made their base in Indian 領土… This is exceedingly embarrassing to us as it must be to your 政府.' Nehru continued, 'We cannot encourage Indian 領土 to be made the base of 操作／手術s.

'I am sure that your 政府 also cannot 認可する of this method. 政府s do not 機能（する）／行事 in this way… Any difficulties in Bhutan should be dealt with in a different and 政治の way.'

Human 権利s 行動主義者s have remained vociferous about the Nepalis' 権利s, though it is now （疑いを）晴らす that the 王室の 政府 took the 権利 決定／判定勝ち（する）.

Today Bhutan would have been unable to 促進する 甚だしい／１２ダース 国家の Happiness if the ticklish migrant 問題／発行する had not been solved; it 最終的に 大いに helped the nation to 保存する its own 身元 and culture.

Bhutan's King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, 検査／視察するs the guard of honour during the 儀式の 歓迎会 of Bhutan's King on January 25, 2013 in New Delhi, India

One can always argue that we are living in a 全世界の village and nobody can stop 軍隊s of globalisation, but the fact remains that part of the happiness which Bhutan is famed for is 予定 to the absence of 緊張 between the 地元の 全住民 and ?migr?s.

One can only wish that the Bhutanese remain happy, with their own 身元, for many １０年間s to come. A stable 状況／情勢?is also good for India.