Why can some ワインs be 円熟したd in 瓶／封じ込めるs for years and others can't?

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QUESTION: Why can some ワインs be 円熟したd in 瓶／封じ込めるs for years and others can't?

The ability of a ワイン to age and 改善する in the 瓶／封じ込める depends on several factors and not all ワインs are suitable, or designed, for long-称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 ageing.

Tannins are 構内／化合物s 設立する in grape 肌s, seeds and 茎・取り除くs, 同様に as in oak バーレル／樽s. Red ワインs 一般に have higher levels than white ワインs. Tannins 保存する and help ワインs age gracefully. Over time, they can polymerise and 軟化する, 主要な to a smoother texture in the ワイン.

If you were to taste a classic claret such as Chateau Margaux, Lafite or Latour in its 青年, it would taste astringent. After a １０年間 or two, the tannins will have 軟化するd to something 深い, コンビナート／複合体 and alluring on the nose and palate.

To 円熟した over a long period, a ワイン needs 構成要素s that slow its oxidation and 許す its elements to 発展させる in harmony. Tannins 供給する structure and 追加する oxidative capacity. The more tannin, the slower a ワイン will oxidise.

Grapes with a higher 酸性 tend to age better. 酸性 行為／法令／行動するs as a natural preservative and can help a ワイン 持続する its structure and freshness over time.

The ability of a ワイン to age and 改善する in the 瓶／封じ込める depends on several factors, and not all ワインs are designed or suitable for long 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 ageing?

Sugar and alcohol content are important, too; 甘い and high-alcohol ワインs tend to age better than 乾燥した，日照りの and low-alcohol ワインs. They 行為／法令／行動する as preservatives and can help 保護する the ワイン from spoilage. Sauternes, the 広大な／多数の／重要な dessert ワインs of Bordeaux, can 円熟した for １０年間s.

The way a ワイン is made, 含むing the use of oak ageing and the duration of 肌 接触する during fermentation, can 影響する／感情 its ageing 可能性のある. ワインs that have undergone 延長するd maceration (soaking 肌s in grape juice) or have been 老年の in oak バーレル／樽s can develop コンビナート／複合体 flavours and aromas over time.

Varietal 特徴 are 重要な; some grape varieties age better than others.

For example, red varietals such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Tempranillo, Nebbiolo and Sangiovese are high in tannin and 酸性の and are 深い尊敬の念を抱くd for their ageing 所有物／資産／財産s; 反して Beaujolais, a classic Rhone Valley red, is almost always drunk young. It is made from the Gamay grape, which is low in tannins and bursting with 熟した fruit ― drink almost すぐに after it's made. Many white ワイン grapes 欠如（する） tannins and their 製品 is designed to be drunk young; a good example is Sauvignon Blanc.

However, varieties such as Riesling, Chenin Blanc and the ever-versatile Chardonnay can produce ワインs that 発展させる 前向きに／確かに with age; think of some white Burgundies such as Puligny-Montrachet, Chassagne-Montrachet and Meursault, though these will cost a pretty penny.

It's important to 公式文書，認める that not all ワインs are meant to be 老年の. Many ワインs, 特に those produced for 即座の 消費, are （手先の）技術d to be enjoyed in their 青年, when their fruit flavours and freshness are at their 頂点（に達する）. Before deciding to age a ワイン, it's advisable to check with the 生産者 or 捜し出す 専門家 advice to 決定する its suitability for cellaring.

James Mullery, Oxford.

QUESTION: Was SMERSH a real organisation?

Yes, SMERSH was a real organisation. SMERSH is an acronym for 'Smert shpionam' in ロシアの, which translates as 'Death to 秘かに調査するs' in English.

Former British 知能 スパイ／執行官 Ian Fleming borrowed the 指名する SMERSH to use as his 'bad guys' in the 早期に James 社債 novels Casino 王室の, Live And Let Die, From Russia With Love and Goldfinger. He later 取って代わるd it with the いっそう少なく-political SPECTRE.

SMERSH was 指名するd and formed by Joseph Stalin himself out of counterintelligence elements of the NKVD (the Soviet secret police) in April 1943.

He placed it under his direct 支配（する）／統制する, thus bypassing the 網状組織 of NKVD leader Lavrentiy Beria. Stalin placed Viktor Abakumov (1908-54) at its 長，率いる. Abakumov was a 悪名高くも 残虐な 公式の／役人 known to 拷問 囚人s with his own 手渡すs.?

SMERSH, an acronym for Smert sphionam (death to 秘かに調査するs) was 指名するd and formed by Joseph Stalin himself out of counterintelligence elements of the NKVD in 1943

に引き続いて the 包囲 of Stalingrad and the German 退却／保養地, SMERSH's 最初の／主要な goal became finding and 逮捕（する）ing members of Nazi 知能 and counterintelligence. The arr est of Soviet 協力者s and vetting of Soviet 国民s living in areas that had been 占領するd by German 軍隊／機動隊s was another 面 of its work.

At the end of the war and in the first 戦後の year, SMERSH was 活発に 伴う／関わるd in the 査察 of former Soviet PoWs and 本国に送還するs in special filtration （軍の）野営地，陣営s organised for this 目的. More than four million people went through the system.

After 査察, countless 兵士s were sent to the Gulag, にもかかわらず having fought for their country. の中で the many thousands of 犠牲者s 逮捕（する）d by SMERSH was 大砲 officer and writer Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn.

At the end of 1946, SMERSH's activities were taken over by the 省 of 明言する／公表する 安全 (MGB).

In 1946, Stalin 任命するd Abakumov 長，率いる of MGB, carrying out the 迫害 and 拷問 of 目だつ Jews. The latter was himself 遂行する／発効させるd after 存在 公然と非難するd by one of his subordinates.

Neil J. Foulds, Gloucester.

QUESTION: Can any parts of the 団体／死体 not 傷をいやす／和解させる themselves?

The only part of the 団体／死体 that cannot regenerate to some extent is tooth enamel.

It is a 常習的な secretion of calcium phosphate, not a living tissue, and the 独房s that secrete it are dead and gone by the time a tooth 現れるs from the gum. Enamel can only be artificially 修理d by a dentist.

Tooth enamel is the only part of the 団体／死体 that cannot regenerate to some extent and can only be artificially 修理d by a dentist

Other parts of the 団体／死体 have a slow or 制限するd ability to regenerate. 損失d 神経 独房s only grow 支援する at a 率 of about an インチ a month, and 回復 is typically incomplete and slow.

Cartilage, which cushions 共同のs, has a 限られた／立憲的な 血 供給（する） and 欠如（する）s 神経 独房s. As a result, it has a poor capacity for self-修理. Cartilage 傷害s often lead to long-称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 問題／発行するs, and 条件s such as osteoarthritis can develop.

The 膵臓 has 限られた／立憲的な regenerative capacity; and 損失 to its insulin-producing beta 独房s can 与える／捧げる to the 開発 of 糖尿病.

Conversely, some tissues have tremendous capacity for regeneration. For example, the 肝臓 regrows to normal size even after half of it has been 除去するd. However, its 機能（する）／行事 can be 厳しく 妥協d if it is 繰り返して 損失d by, for example, 過度の drinking.

Dr K. Singh, Luton, Beds.