国勢（人口）調査 明らかにする／漏らすs African-American children are leaving large U.S. cities as their young parents 長，率いる for better life in 郊外s

• 黒人／ボイコット, 非，不，無-Hispanic children in New York City 落ちるs by 22 per cent in 10 years
• Even bigger 落ちるs in cities such as Los Angeles, Atlanta, Chicago and Detriot
• 黒人／ボイコット mothers having より小数の children and teen pregnancy 率s 負かす／撃墜する
• Young parents moving to 郊外s for better schools and cheaper 住宅
  

By 示す Duell
Updated: 16:10 BST, 30 June 2011

They have served for 世代s as citadels of African-American life and culture.

But powerful social 軍隊s are draining inner-city neighbourhoods such as Harlem in New York and Chicago's South 味方する of 黒人／ボイコット children.

Last year's 国勢（人口）調査 設立する that the number of 黒人／ボイコット, 非，不，無-Hispanic children living in New York City had fallen by 22.4 per cent in 10 years.

Leaving: Last year's 国勢（人口）調査 設立する that the number of 黒人／ボイコット, 非，不，無-Hispanic children living in New York City had fallen by 22.4 per cent in 10 years, as powerful social 軍隊s drain inner-city neighbourhoods of them

In raw numbers, that meant 127,058 より小数の 黒人／ボイコット kids living in the city of Jay Z and Spike 物陰／風下, even as the number of 黒人／ボイコット adults grew わずかに.

The same pattern has repeated from coast to coast. Los Angeles, California, saw a 31.8 per cent 拒絶する／低下する in its 全住民 of 黒人／ボイコット children, far より勝るing the 6.9 per cent 減少（する） in 黒人／ボイコット adults.

The number of 黒人／ボイコット children in Atlanta, Georgia, fell by 27 per cent. It was 負かす／撃墜する 31 per cent in Chicago, Illinois, and 37.6 per cent in Detroit, Michigan.

Graphic: This AP chart shows how より小数の children of African-American 降下／家系 are in the inner cities

Oakland, California, saw a 減少（する） of 42.3 per cent, an exodus that fell only six 百分率 points below the 拒絶する／低下する in flood-荒廃させるd New Orleans.

全体にわたる, the 国勢（人口）調査 設立する nearly a half-million より小数の 黒人／ボイコット children living in the 25 largest U.S. cities than there were a １０年間 earlier.

By comparison, the number of 黒人／ボイコット adults living in big cities has hardly budged.

Demographics 専門家s said a combination of factors appeared to be at work. Americans in general are having より小数の children than they once did, 予定 mostly to 増加するd use of birth 支配（する）／統制する.

That has been true, too, の中で 黒人／ボイコット mothers. Teen pregnancy 率s の中で 黒人／ボイコット people have also 急落するd.

But the more 重要な 傾向, 専門家s said, may be a 移住 by young 黒人／ボイコット parents to the 郊外s.

For many, that pull of a place with safer streets, higher-達成するing schools and more 住宅 space for the dollar has 明らかに 簡単に overridden any 願望（する） to stay in 欠陥d inner-city neighbourhoods, 簡単に because they are 黒人／ボイコット capitols.

‘I'd been in Harlem for 16 years, and when I first （機の）カム, I was young, and I was excited and it was a メッカ. But progressively each year, it got rougher and rougher to be here,’ said Rachel Noerdlinger.

Ms Noerdlinger is a publicist whose （弁護士の）依頼人s 含む the Reverend Al Sharpton. ‘The 暴力／激しさ. The profiling by the 警官，（賞などを）獲得するs,’ she 追加するd. ‘I just started to get really, really 失望させるd.’

Fi nally, she decamped across the Hudson River to the 郊外の quietude of Edgewater, New Jersey, taking her 14-year-old son with her.

‘He 行方不明になるs Harlem. He's a teenage boy who, unfortunately, grew up here. Edgewater is 静かな and slow. He's 絶えず complaining,’ Ms Noerdlinger said.

On the move: Rachel Noerdlinger and her son Khari, 14, pictured by the Hudson River 近づく their home in Edgewater, New Jersey, across from Harlem, New York, where she had lived for 16 years before leaving

But as for herself, she said, ‘I'm in heaven. I just love it. ... If I had done this 20 or 16 years ago, I would be a 完全に different person.’

In several cities, the change has come just as 歴史的に 黒人／ボイコット neighbourhoods have been making a 安定した 回復 from １０年間s of horrific decay and neglect.

Oakland, a city fraught for years with 暴力／激しさ and high poverty 率s, has at last been experiencing a renaissance, but the number of white hipsters, Asians and Hispanics moving in has been より勝るd by the number of 黒人／ボイコット families that have disappeared.

That 拒絶する／低下する has been led by the 42.3 per cent 減少（する） in the number of 黒人／ボイコット children, from 38,765 a １０年間 ago to 22,377 last year.

By comparison, the number of 黒人／ボイコット adults dropped by just under 17 per cent. Oakland 市長 ジーンズ Quan 非難するd the 出発s on a 欠如（する） of affordable 住宅.

市長 Quan, who became the city's first Asian 市長 (and only the city's second 非，不，無-黒人／ボイコット 市長 since 1977) when she took office in January, said she runs into African-Americans all the time who have given up the city for 郊外s as far away as Antioch, California, a small city that has seen its 株 of 黒人／ボイコット 居住（者）s grow from 2.6 per cent in 1990 to 17 per cent last year.

‘I ask them: “Do you live in Oakland?” They say: “No, but I used to”.’ That 減少（する） has been a source of 狼狽 の中で some in Oakland 関心d about the city losing its cultural 身元.

落ちるing numbers: A rooftop 見解（をとる） from a 居住の hi-rise 逮捕（する）s a six square 封鎖する area of Harlem, New York, where 国勢（人口）調査 data has 公式文書，認めるd a 38 per cent 減少（する） in the 全住民 of 黒人／ボイコット children over the past 10 years

The Harlem of the past ten years has been another place where 減少（する）s in violent 罪，犯罪 and a 漸進的な erasing of １０年間s of blight have brought an influx of new 居住（者）s and 関心s about the neighbourhood's 遺産.

It would be 平易な to 非難する gentrification for 押し進めるing young families out, yet 国勢（人口）調査 data shows that the sections of the neighbourhood with the steepest 減少（する）s in the number of 黒人／ボイコット children are those where 経済的な 回復 has been more 不振の.

Co nsider 国勢（人口）調査 tract 232, an eight-封鎖する area of tenements and public 住宅 事業／計画（する）s in Central Harlem that saw its 全住民 of 黒人／ボイコット children 落ちる by 830, or 38 per cent, over the past 10 years.

Although the neighbourhood now has a Starbucks and two new supermarkets の近くに by, gunmen 発射 up the playground on 143rd Street in 2006, 負傷させるing three adults and a six-year-old girl.

City 公式の／役人s tried to の近くに the 地元の elementary school two years ago for poor 業績／成果.

At the public 住宅 事業／計画（する） on Frederick Douglas Boulevard, a police officer had to rappel 負かす／撃墜する the 味方する of the building in 2003 to tranquillise a 400lbs tiger living in a 居住（者）'s apartment.

Last summer, officers patrolling a late-night 封鎖する party 解雇する／砲火／射撃d a fusillade of 弾丸s at two men struggling over a gun, 殺人，大当り one of them, 厳しく 負傷させるing the other and 負傷させるing three innocent bystanders - 加える two fellow officers. It all took place a 封鎖する from Sharpton's （警察，軍隊などの）本部.

High prices: Youngsters walk 近づく a $40million 転換 of a century-old public school on 147th Street in Harlem, New York, where market 率 apartments are going for between $450,000 and $899,000

Carnetta Clark, a retired tenant leader in one of the two large public 住宅 事業／計画（する）s in the neighbourhood, said she has noticed より小数の children in the area now than when she first moved in nearly 20 years ago.

But she doesn't think it is because 暴力／激しさ is 脅すing parents away. If anything, she said, the neighbourhood has gotten safer and more stable over the years.

‘There are a lot of older people in the neighbourhood now,’ she said. ‘There are いっそう少なく people hanging out on the corners. The police are watching, taking care of things. I've always felt 安全な.

‘Even when I was working nights. I never 恐れるd living here.’

Indeed, there are still plenty of kids in the neighbourhood - more, in fact, per adult than the 国家の 普通の／平均（する）.

明言する／公表する Assemblyman Keith Wright, whose 地区 covers Central Harlem, has noticed より小数の children in the area 同様に, but he also thinks the 現象 has いっそう少なく to do with flight from 罪，犯罪 or decay, and more to do with the high price of city living.

‘You don't see those big families anymore,’ Wright said. ‘A lot of our younger folks, I find, are moving to New Jersey. They think the city life is too expensive. It comes 負かす／撃墜する to a 事柄 of 経済的なs.’

Playing: Youngsters leave a basketball 法廷，裁判所 at the 陸軍大佐 Charles Young playground in Harlem on Tuesday

Some 黒人／ボイコット city 居住（者）s, he said, are also migrating ‘支援する 負かす／撃墜する South, where they think the dollar will go さらに先に.’

That 移住 has been evident in places like Henry 郡, Georgia, an area of 郊外の Atlanta that has seen its 黒人／ボイコット 全住民 more than ３倍になる in the past １０年間.

黒人／ボイコット people now （不足などを）補う 37 per cent of the 郡 of nearly 204,000 people.

The 傾向 has also been showing up in a いっそう少なく 明白な way in countless mostly white 郊外s like Livonia, Michigan, outside of Detroit.

Just a １０年間 ago, there were 951 黒人／ボイコット people living in the entire ci ty, out of a 全住民 of around 100,000. Now there are 3,309. The same 傾向 has repeated in white 郊外s across the country.

‘直面する it: In a lot of 郊外s, there was a 際立った 成果／努力 to keep 黒人／ボイコットs out,’ said David Bositis, a 上級の 研究員 at the 共同の 中心 for Political and 経済的な 熟考する／考慮するs and former 国勢（人口）調査 Bureau demographer.

Those 障壁s have now been 落ちるing, he said, 開始 the door for 黒人／ボイコット people to follow in the footsteps of white families who had their own diaspora to the 郊外s after World War Two.

‘More African Americans are going to college. There were big income 伸び（る）s during the Clinton 行政,’ he said. ‘Now they are moving to the 郊外s where they have better schools ... They don't want their children in inner-city schools.’

大きくする ?

集中: This 国勢（人口）調査 data 地図／計画する shows how 黒人／ボイコット people ar e mostly concentrated in the Southeast

Even cities that saw a large rise in their 全体にわたる 黒人／ボイコット 全住民 saw their numbers of 黒人／ボイコット children 落ちる, or grow at a much slower 率.

In 不死鳥／絶品, Arizona, the number of 黒人／ボイコット adult 居住（者）s grew by 44.8 per cent over the past １０年間, but 追加するd より小数の than 4,000 黒人／ボイコット children, for a growth 率 of 18.6 per cent.

Houston 追加するd 21,324 黒人／ボイコット adults, but had 23,219 より小数の 黒人／ボイコット children.

On a 国家の level, the number of 黒人／ボイコット children has インチd 負かす／撃墜する by only 2.3 per cent, compared to a much larger 9.8 per cent 減少（する） for white children.

より小数の children in a city is not やむを得ず a 調印する of abandonment.

After all, one of the hallmarks of poverty is an over-豊富 of children, packed into overcrowded apartments and schools, with a paucity of adult oversight.

‘There is nothing inherently bad,’ about a city having より小数の children, Mr Bositis said. ‘On one level, it is a big 加える for the cities. People without children are much cheaper than people with children.

‘特に young people. They are making very little in way of 需要・要求するs on city services.’