For 30 years ¾åµé¤Î Tory BILL CASH has been derided for tirelessly ·Ù¹ð the EU was a corrupt superstate »ÙÇÛ¤¹¤ëd by Germany. As events ¾ÚÌÀ¤¹¤ë him ¸¢Íø, this is his »öÎã¡¿´µ¼Ô against the Brussels behemoth
For more than three £±£°Ç¯´Ös, SIR BILL CASH, a ¾åµé¤Î Tory MP has ·Ù¹ð¤¹¤ëd ¡½ with magnificent indefatigability ¡½ of the dangers of the European »ö¶È¡¿·×²è¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë. For his ¶ìÄËs, he has too often been belittled as a deluded Eurosceptic.?But in the past two £±£°Ç¯´Ös, much of what he has ·Ù¹ð¤¹¤ëd about has come all too true. Read this Ãê½Ð¤¹¤ë from his new Ä´½ñ¤ò¤È¤ë¡¿Í½Ì󤹤ë and see if you agree with him . . .
The British people are ľÌ̤¹¤ëing their biggest democratic ·èÄ꡿ȽÄ꾡¤Á¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë for À¤Âås. The coming ¹ṉ̃Åêɼ compares to other ¹Âç¤Ê¡¿Â¿¿ô¤Î¡¿½ÅÍ×¤Ê watersheds in British history: from the Civil War and the Éü¸Å¡¿ÊÖ´Ô, to the 1867 ²þ³×¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë ¹Ô°Ù¡¿Ë¡Îá¡¿¹ÔÆ°¤¹¤ë and the ³«È¯ of our modern µÄ²ñ¤Î Ëͼç¼çµÁ.
The ÌäÂ꡿ȯ¹Ô¤¹¤ë of Irish home »ÙÇÛ¤¹¤ë, World War I, then appeasement and World War II »ÙÇÛ¤¹¤ëd the first half of the 20th century. The ¿Ê²½ of an Åý¹ç¤¹¤ëd Europe followed, ¼çÍ×¤Ê to our joining the European ·ÐºÑŪ¤Ê Community (²¤½£¶¦Æ±ÂÎ) in 1973.
For more than three £±£°Ç¯´Ös, SIR BILL CASH, a ¾åµé¤Î Tory MP has ·Ù¹ð¤¹¤ëd ¡½ with magnificent indefatigability ¡½ of the dangers of the European »ö¶È¡¿·×²è¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë
These are the historic ÌÜ°õs against which this ¹ṉ̃Åêɼ takes place. But what is at the heart of the ÌäÂ꡿ȯ¹Ô¤¹¤ë is simple: who ¼£¤á¤ë¡¿Åý¼£¤¹¤ës us, and how, just as it was with these previous ÌÜ°õs.
On our Ëͼç¼çµÁ, all else depends.
The ¿³µÄ so far has failed to take proper account of the ·³Ââs that have ±Æ¶Á¡ÊÎÏ¡Ëd our ι¹Ô since the Forties: from within the ÉôÂâd ÌÀ¸À¤¹¤ë¡¿¸øɽ¤¹¤ës and Europe, and from Germany in particular, which under the cover of the European Union is now Äɵ᤹¤ëing a À¯ºö of assertive ·ÐºÑŪ¤Ê ¹ñ²È¼çµÁ.
The consequences for us have been ¸·¤·¤¤. We have lost »ÙÇۡʤ¹¤ë¡Ë¡¿ÅýÀ©¤¹¤ë of our ¹ñ¶s. ¿¦¶Ès have been taken away from the working class. Food prices have been driven up. And our ¾¦Çä¡¿»Å»ös are ¸ºß choked by EU red tape ¡½ 105,000 pages of µ¬Â§s that companies ignore at their ´í¸±¡¤´í¤Ê¤¯¤¹¤ë.
The European Union itself is riddled with º¾µ½, and is anti-democratic to its very ÁÏΩ¡¿´ðÁÃs. Our own Ëͼç¼çµÁ is ¸º¤é¤¹d by it. If we do not leave, where will it all end?
We already know: in ever-closer union, with a superstate »ÙÇÛ¤¹¤ëd by Germany.
For his ¶ìÄËs, Sir Ë¡°Æ (pictured) has too often been belittled as a deluded Eurosceptic. But in the past two £±£°Ç¯´Ös, much of what he has ·Ù¹ð¤¹¤ëd about has come all too true
GERMANY¡ÇS DOMINANCE
Since the end of World War II, Britain¡Çs leaders (except for Margaret Thatcher) have ½ª»Ï°ì´Ó¤·¤Æ acquiesced in ¡½ even appeased ¡½ Germany¡Çs Äɵá¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë¡¤Ãµº÷¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë for European Åý¹ç¡¤º¹ÊÌűÇÑ.
In 1988, before German ºÆÅý°ì, I wrote a memorandum to Thatcher ·Ù¹ð her of the dangers of ¡Æcreeping federalism¡Ç to Britain and of West Germany¡Çs growing ´ê˾¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë to ãÀ®¤¹¤ë ±Êµ×¤Î pre-eminence in the ²¤½£¶¦Æ±ÂÎ.
¤¤¤Ã¤½¤¦¾¯¤Ê¤¯ than two months later, she ÇÛ㤹¤ëd her Bruges speech against ¡Æa European ºÇ¹â¤Î-ÌÀ¸À¤¹¤ë¡¿¸øɽ¤¹¤ë ±é½¬ing a new dominance from Brussels¡Ç.
The ¡ÆGerman Europe¡Ç I have ·Ù¹ð¤¹¤ëd about for more than 30 years now ¾¡¤Ä¡¿¹¤¯°ìÂӤ˹¤¬¤ës.
In 1988, before German ºÆÅý°ì, Sir Ë¡°Æ wrote a memorandum to Thatcher ·Ù¹ð her of the dangers of ¡Æcreeping federalism¡Ç to Britain and of West Germany¡Çs growing ´ê˾¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë to ãÀ®¤¹¤ë ±Êµ×¤Î pre-eminence in the ²¤½£¶¦Æ±ÂÎ
Before the Ä´°õ of the Maastricht ¾òÌó on February 7, 1992, John Major asked me what I would do if I were in his ¾õ¶·¡¿¾ðÀª.
¡ÆYou will have to µñÈݸ¢ the ¾òÌó,¡Ç I said.
¡ÆWhy?¡Ç asked Major.
I replied: ¡ÆIt will be a German Europe. Just look at what¡Çs going on in relation to Íø±×¡¿¶½Ì£ Ψs and who is setting them.¡Ç
¡Æ°æ¸Í¡¿ÊÛ¸î»ÎÀÊ if that¡Çs the »öÎã¡¿´µ¼Ô,¡Ç Major said, ¡ÆI will have to enter into an ƱÌÁ with the French.¡Ç The conversation went no ¤½¤Î¾å¤Î ¡½ nor did any ƱÌÁ with the French.
My ´Ø¿´s about Germany¡Çs political dominance have been matched by my ´Ø¿´s about a Ϣˮ¤Î Europe ÀßΩ¤¹¤ëd on ·ÐºÑŪ¤Ê and Ä̲ߤΠunion.
In my 1991 Ä´½ñ¤ò¤È¤ë¡¿Í½Ì󤹤ë Against A Ϣˮ¤Î Europe, published at the time of the Maastricht rebellio n ¤ÎÃæ¤Ç ÊݼéŪ¤Ê MPs, I ͽÊ󤹤ëd this German-created ¡ÆEuropean À¯ÉÜ¡Ç would ºÇ¹âĬ¤Ë㤹¤ë in ¹³µÄ¤¹¤ës and ˽ưs on the continent, Â絬ÌÏ¤Ê ¼º¶È and waves of °Ü̱¡¿°Ü½» from Central and Eastern Europe.
In 1993, I wrote that there would be ¡ÆÂ絬ÌÏ¤Ê political and ¾¦¶È¤Î ÉÔ°ÂÄê throughout Europe¡Ç ¡½ and that it would be ¡Æ¹½Æâ¡¿²½¹çʪd by waves of °Ü̱¡¿°Ü½» . . . ¸åÂࡤÉÔ¶· and lawlessness¡Ç.
In the Ãæ±û¤Î-Nineties, former West German ¡Ê¥É¥¤¥Ä¤Ê¤É¤Î¡Ë¼óÁê¡¿¡ÊÂç³Ø¤Î¡Ë³ØĹ Helmut Schmidt asked to see me in the Hamburg office of the newspaper Die Zeit, of which he was a publisher. He told me he had read the °ì»þ´ü¡¿»ÙÉô in my Ä´½ñ¤ò¤È¤ë¡¿Í½Ìó¤¹¤ë ¤¹¤ë¸¢Íø¤òÍ¿¤¨¤ëd A European Germany And A German Europe. He said I was ¸¢Íø.
He Äɲ乤ëd that my group of friends in the House of ¤¢¤ê¤Õ¤ì¤¿s and ¤µ¤â¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð were ¡Æthe only ones, apart from Russia [from where he had just returned] who are not afraid of Germany¡Ç.
He ¼¨º¶¤¹¤ëd ours was an admirable stand but that it would not work. He regretted ¡Æthe ½Ð¸½ of German predominance¡Ç.
Germany¡Çs strength, as I ͽÊ󤹤ëd then, has now been Áý¶¯¤¹¤ëd by saturating Eastern, Central and Mediterranean Europe with its Í¢½Ð¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ës.
We in the ÉôÂâd Kingdom, although outside the eurozone, are profoundly ±Æ¶Á¤¹¤ë¡¿´¶¾ðd by ¸ºß within the ÏÈÁÈ¤ß of the EU as a whole, both À¯¼£¾å and economically.
We have been relegated into the second tier of a two-tier Europe »ÙÇÛ¤¹¤ëd by Germany.
This is Àµ³Î¤Ë what the British À¯ÉÜ sought to Èò¤±¤ë in the Àï¸å¤Î ²ò·è¡¿Æþ¿¢ÃÏ, but is now becoming a reality.
SEX IN STRASBOURG, FIDDLES AND FRAUD
How many people are on the EU payroll? You¡Çd think it would be Ê¿°×¤Ê to find out ¡½ after all, we¡Çre all »Ùʧ¤¦¡¿Ä¶âing for them through our ÀǶâs.
But no ¡½ the EU doesn¡Çt think that the public is ¤¹¤ë¸¢Íø¤òÍ¿¤¨¤ëd to this ¡Ê·Ù»¡¤Ê¤É¤Ø¤Î¡ËÌ©¹ð¡¤¹ðÁʡʾõ¡Ë.
The most ¹ÈϰϤˤ錄¤Ã¤Æ ¼õÂ÷¤¹¤ëd ¸«Àѡʤë¡Ë is that it ľÀÜ¡¿¤Þ¤Ã¤¹¤°¤Ë ¸Û¤¦s 85,000 people. This is about the same as the entire British Army ¡½ though EU perks would make our ʼ»Îs more than ¤ï¤º¤«¤Ë envious.
Let¡Çs start with the ¸ø¼°¤Î¡¿Ìò¿Ís. At one time, those who went on Àµµ¬¤Î¡¿ÀµÁª¼ê trips got their own MasterCard with a ³Ð¤¨½ñ¤ ÃΤ餻¤ëing them ¡Æthis card is Á´¤¯ ²òÊü¤¹¤ë¡¿¼«Í³¤Ê and may also be used for »äŪ¤Ê ÌÜŪs¡Ç.
That meant any cash űÂàs outside the EU ¡½ to a ºÇÂç¸Â of ?5,000 (¡ò3,930) a month ¡½ were paid for by the European µÄ²ñ. Not bad, ÆÃ¤Ë as they didn¡Çt have to account for what they were spending the money on.
What about Members of the European µÄ²ñ? They now get a salary of around ¡ò77,700.
However, those who have been in the European µÄ²ñ since before 2009 can still use the old »Ùʧ¤¤¡Ê³Û¡Ës system, whereby their basic salaries are ľ¤¹¡¿Çã¼ý¤¹¤ë¡¤È¬É´Ä¹¤ò¤¹¤ëd at the level of MPs in their home country ¡½ so a British MEP would take home ¡ò74,962, while an Italian (the best paid) would get more than ¡ò127,000.
What gives the ¿¦¶È its real appea l though is its amazing expenses, as MEPs can ¡Ê¿ÍÌ¿¤Ê¤É¤ò¡ËÃ¥¤¦¡¤¼çÄ¥¤¹¤ë ¡ò48,721 a year as a ¡Æsubsistence allowance¡Ç.
And, no, they don¡Çt have to ¶¡µë¤¹¤ë any Îμý½ñs and, yes, it¡Çs all ÀǶâ-²òÊü¤¹¤ë¡¿¼«Í³¤Ê. British MEPs have °¦¾Îd this perk SOSO: Ä´°õ¤¹¤ë On and Sod Off.
MEPs and civil servants are also some of the best ¡ÊÊÛ¸î»Î¤Î¡Ë°ÍÍê¿Ís of the Eastern European Çä½ÕÉØs who make it to Strasbourg. They tend to live in the German half of the city, where Çä½Õ is ¹çˡŪ¤Ê (unlike the French Ì£Êý¤¹¤ë).
So ÉáµÚ¤·¤¿ is the use of Çä½ÕÉØs that a group of Northern European MEPs tried to stop some of the most obvious ÍðÍÑs.
They put º£¸å a Äó°Æ that EU staff should stay only at hotels that don¡Çt µö¤¹ Çä½Õ. Not ÆÃ¤Ë contentious, you may think ¡½ but they didn¡Çt ¸å·Ñ¤¹¤ë.
In 2008, an ¸ø¼°¤Î¡¿Ìò¿Í Êó¹ð¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë¡¿²±Â¬ ˽Ϫ¤¹¤ëd ¡ÆÉáµÚ¤·¤¿ ÍðÍÑ¡Ç of the EU allowance system for MEPs¡Ç assistants.
µÄ²ñ¤Î Åö¶É sought to ˸¤²¤ë taxpayers ¸ºß µö¤¹d to see the Êó¹ð¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë¡¿²±Â¬.
It was duly deposited in a room Êݸ¤ëd by biometric locks and °ÂÁ´ guards.
ÆÈΩ¤·¤¿¡¦Ìµ½ê° ½Ï¹Í¤¹¤ë¡¿¹Íθ¤¹¤ës ¡Ê¿ÍÌ¿¤Ê¤É¤ò¡ËÃ¥¤¦¡¤¼çÄ¥¤¹¤ë EU º¾µ½ is now sucking up at least 10 per cent of its ǯ¼¡¤Î ͽ»».
Petty º¾µ½ in the offices of ¾åµé¤Î ¿¦°÷¡¿Ê¼°÷ is rife.
Car ÄÂÂߤ·¤Î ¼ê³¤s are routinely ÍðÍÑd. Building ·ÀÌós have been awarded to ¿Æ²s of ¾åµé¤Î ¸ø¼°¤Î¡¿Ìò¿Ís.
As for whistle-blowers, they¡Çve been ¡Ê·º»ö¡ËÈï¹ð of ¸ºß mentally ill ¡½ an old Soviet trick.
¡ÆDEMOCRACY¡Ç IN ACTION
Unlike our own Ëͼç¼çµÁ, the EU thrashes out the ¹Âç¤Ê Âç¿¿ô of its ·èÄ꡿ȽÄ꾡¤Á¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ës in ±£¤·¤À¤Æ¤¹¤ë °Ñ°÷²ñs that are ¤Î¶á¤¯¤Ëd to the public.
No minutes are taken. And by the time a Æ°µÄ reaches the µÄ²ñ¤Î µÄ²ñ, it¡Çs often a done ¼è°ú¡¤¶¨Äê.
The truth is that there¡Çs hardly any ¿³µÄ ¤ÎÃæ¤Ç the MEPs ¡½ not surprising as each of them must ŬÍѤ¹¤ë for a speaking slot in Á°¿Ê¤¹¤ë and will usually be ǧ¤á¤ëd only a minute on their feet. Every four weeks, the µÄ²ñ ²ñ¹ç¡¤²ñ¤¦s in Strasbourg for a ·îËè¤Î Åêɼ¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ëing frenzy that usually ÎÌs to little more than rubber-stamping.
There, MEPs ¤¤¤Ä¤«s spend entire days °µÎϡʤò¤«¤±¤ë¡Ëing YES/NO/ABSTAIN buttons every few seconds. How do they decide? Their party leaders sit at the Á°Àþ, ¶µ¤¨¤ëing them how to Åêɼ¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë with a thumb-up or thumb-É餫¤¹¡¿·âÄƤ¹¤ë Æ°µÄ.
SO À¤³¦ÊÝ·òµ¡¹½ ARE THEY?
- The European ¡ÊÇäÇã¡Ë¼ê¿ôÎÁ¡¤°ÑÂ÷¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë¡¿°Ñ°÷²ñ¡¿¸¢¸Â: the most powerful ÃÄÂΡ¿»àÂÎ in Europe. Consists of 28 unelected people ¡½ one from each country ¡½ who ²ñ¹ç¡¤²ñ¤¦ in secret to decide on EU À¯ºös. No one takes minutes.
- The ²ñµÄ of Âç¿Ãs: ²ñ¹ç¡¤²ñ¤¦s in secret and Åêɼ¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ës on EU ˡΧÀ©Äê. Who sits on it depends on what À¯ºö is ¸ºß discussed.
In practice, before the Åêɼ¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ëing ¹Ô¤¦¡¿³«ºÅ¤¹¤ë¡¿Ãʳ¬ members have usually already decided ¤ÎÃæ¤Ç themselves how to Åêɼ¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë. Britain has only 8.4 per cent of the Åêɼ¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ës.
A ºÇ¶á¤Î Êó¹ð¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë¡¿²±Â¬ from the UK¡Çs European Scrutiny °Ñ°÷²ñ ºÇ¹âĬ¤Î¾ìÌÌd the ·çÇ¡¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë of transparency in the ·èÄ꡿ȽÄ꾡¤Á¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë-making ²áÄø.
The ³µÎ¬¤Ç 55 per cent of our ˡΧs made through the EU are frequently decided by ¸ø¼°¤Î¡¿Ìò¿Ís and nodded through by Âç¿Ãs.
- The European µÄ²ñ: 751 MEPs, of which 73 are British. Unlike our own MPs, they can¡Çt Áð°Æ ˡΧs ¡½ only the ¡ÊÇäÇã¡Ë¼ê¿ôÎÁ¡¤°ÑÂ÷¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë¡¿°Ñ°÷²ñ¡¿¸¢¸Â can do that. The µÄ²ñ can ¤¤¤Ä¤«s ±ä´ü¤¹¤ë or Éõº¿¤¹¤ë ˡΧÀ©Äê. Often, however, it¡Çs ´Êñ¤Ë ignored by the ¡ÊÇäÇã¡Ë¼ê¿ôÎÁ¡¤°ÑÂ÷¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë¡¿°Ñ°÷²ñ¡¿¸¢¸Â.
- The Ë¡ÄºÛȽ½ê of Auditors: the ¸ø¼°¤Î¡¿Ìò¿Í EU-´ð¶âd ÃÄÂΡ¿»àÂÎ that ´Æ»ë¤¹¤ës how EU money is spent. °ÕÌ£¤¢¤ê¤²¤Ë, it has failed to give a clean Ë¡°Æ of health for almost all the EU¡Çs accounts for the past two £±£°Ç¯´Ös.
- The European Ë¡ÄºÛȽ½ê of »ÊË¡¡Ê´±¡Ë: its judgments are binding and there¡Çs no ¸¢Íø of ¹µÁÊ¡¤¾å¹ð. Any member ÌÀ¸À¤¹¤ë¡¿¸øɽ¤¹¤ë or ²ñ¡¦¸¶Â§ can be taken before the Ë¡ÄºÛȽ½ê for breaking any of the EU¡Çs 30,000-²Ã¤¨¤ë ˡΧs.
HOW AMERICA BULLIED US...
The end of World War II brought the ƱÌÁ¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ës victory over Germany but did not bring °ÂÁ´. The ±Æ¤ò¤Ä¤¯¤ë¡¿Èø¹Ô¤¹¤ë of the Soviet Union and the ¶¼¤· of ¶¦»º¼çµÁ ¤Ü¤ó¤ä¤ê¸½¤ì¤ëd large over the continent.
It was at this moment that a sense of community began to arise in Western Europe.
No one was more supportive of this than Winston Churchill. He saw a ÉôÂâd Europe as one of ¡Æfour Ã濴¸ºßs¡Ç ɬ¿Ü¤Î for world peace ¡½ ¤È°ì½ï¤Ë the ÉôÂâd ÌÀ¸À¤¹¤ë¡¿¸øɽ¤¹¤ës, the Soviet Union and the British Empire and Ϣˮ¡¿¶¦Ï¹ñ.
In the ÉôÂâd ÌÀ¸À¤¹¤ë¡¿¸øɽ¤¹¤ës that same year, µÄ²ñ passed a ·è°Õ¡¿·èµÄ ¡Æfor the ÁϤ of a ÉôÂâd ÌÀ¸À¤¹¤ë¡¿¸øɽ¤¹¤ës of Europe¡Ç.
°ìÊý¡¿¹ç´Ö the French ³°Ì³Âç¿Ã, Robert Schuman, was ½àÈ÷¤¹¤ëing a ·×²è¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë of his own, ´°Á´¤Ë in secret and without ¶¨µÄ with London.
The European µÄ²ñ (pictured) has 751 MEPs, of which 73 are British. Unlike our own MPs, they can¡Çt Áð°Æ ˡΧs ¡½ only the ¡ÊÇäÇã¡Ë¼ê¿ôÎÁ¡¤°ÑÂ÷¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë¡¿°Ñ°÷²ñ¡¿¸¢¸Â can do that. The µÄ²ñ can ¤¤¤Ä¤«s ±ä´ü¤¹¤ë or Éõº¿¤¹¤ë ˡΧÀ©Äê. Often, however, it¡Çs s °Å¼¨¤¹¤ë ignored by the ¡ÊÇäÇã¡Ë¼ê¿ôÎÁ¡¤°ÑÂ÷¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë¡¿°Ñ°÷²ñ¡¿¸¢¸Â
The Schuman ·×²è¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë Äó°Æ¤¹¤ëd total European Åý¹ç¡¤º¹ÊÌűÇÑ ¡½ political, ·ÐºÑŪ¤Ê and ·³¤Î.
At the same time, America began ÆâÌ©¤Ë ¶¡µë¤¹¤ëing millions of dollars to the European Movement, an international ÃÄÂΡ¿»àÂÎ in favour of Åý¹ç¡¤º¹ÊÌűÇÑ whose chairman was Winston Churchill¡Çs son-in-ˡΧ, Duncan Sandys.
In 1948, a small group of ¾åµé¤Î American ÃÎǽ ¿Íʪ¡¿»Ñ¡¿¿ô»ús organised a Ä´À° centre »Ø̾¤¹¤ëd the American °Ñ°÷²ñ on ÉôÂâd Europe (ACUE).
Its main ÌÜŪ was to ´ð¶â groups working for European ¤Þ¤È¤Þ¤ê ¡½ and its ´ð¶âing ¡Êµ¡¤Î¡Ë¥«¥à from the Ãæ±û¾ðÊó¶É. The European Movement was a ¼çÍ×¤Ê ¼õ±×¼Ô of its generosity.
In the Áá´ü¤Ë ¹Ô¤¦¡¿³«ºÅ¤¹¤ë¡¿Ãʳ¬s, »ÙÇۡʤ¹¤ë¡Ë¡¿ÅýÀ©¤¹¤ë over this money was given to Sandys. But by July 1950 he had become disillusioned and abandoned the leadership and the movement. A secret Êó¹ð¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë¡¿²±Â¬ sent to the Ãæ±û¾ðÊó¶É by ACUE¡Çs (n)Ìò°÷¡¿(a)¼¹¹ÔÎϤΤ¢¤ë director Thomas Braden explained that they had managed to keep ¡Æthe whole fracas from reaching the public.¡Ç
Given that Sandys would have been working closely with his father-in-ˡΧ, this °Å¼¨¤¹¤ës that, ¤ÎľÁ°¤Ë Churchill became ÁíÍýÂç¿Ã for the second time, the U.S. was working ÆâÌ©¤Ë to ÅÚÂæ¤òÊø¤¹ his wishes for the ̤Íè of Europe.
When, in June 1950, Britain ¼Âह¤ëd to have any ¥È¥é¥Ã¥¯¤Ç±¿¤Ö with the Schuman ·×²è¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë, America¡Çs ÊÖÅú was to ¶¼¤¹ to ¿È¤ò°ú¤¯ its ·ÐºÑŪ¤Ê ±ç½õ¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë.
A ¼ºË¾¤µ¤»¤ëd Harold Macmillan, who became ÁíÍýÂç¿Ã in 1957, realised he was caught ¡Æbetween a Ũ°Õ¤ò»ý¤Ã¤¿ (or ¤¤¤Ã¤½¤¦¾¯¤Ê¤¯ and ¤¤¤Ã¤½¤¦¾¯¤Ê¤¯ friend ly) America and a boastful, powerful ¡ÈEmpire of Charlemagne¡É ¡½ now under French but later bound to come under German »ÙÇۡʤ¹¤ë¡Ë¡¿ÅýÀ©¤¹¤ë¡Ç. It was, he confided to his diary, ¡Æa grim choice¡Ç.
But in February 1960 ÂçÅýÎÎ Eisenhower helped make his mind up, ·Ù¹ð Macmillan that the Special ´Ø·¸ would µñÀ䤹¤ë¡¿Äã²¼¤¹¤ë if London did not Ä´°õ¤¹¤ë up to the European ·ÐºÑŪ¤Ê Community. Finally, Macmillan ƶ·êd in.
By the end of that year he had decided Britain must ŬÍѤ¹¤ë to join ¡½ even though to do so was ´°Á´¤Ë against public opinion.
...AND THE FRENCH DECEIVED US
In 1961, Britain finally ŬÍѤ¹¤ëd to become a member of the ²¤½£¶¦Æ±ÂÎ.
However, Charles de Gaulle ¡½ Churchill¡Çs old ƱÌÁ¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë, who was now ÂçÅýÎΡ¤¡¿¼ÒĹ of ¥Õ¥é¥ó ¡½ was against British Æþ¤ë¤³¤È¡¿»²²Ã¡Ê¼Ô¡Ë.
He put ¾ã³² after ¾ã³² in Britain¡Çs path. At a ·èÄêŪ¤Ê ¹Ô¤¦¡¿³«ºÅ¤¹¤ë¡¿Ãʳ¬ in the ¸ò¾Äs the French suddenly produced, without ·Ù¹ð, a Äó°Æ for a new ħ¼ý¤¹¤ë on Í¢Æþ¤¹¤ë ´ØÀÇs.
This meant Britain, whose ÃÏÍý³Ø would make it by far the biggest food importer, would see its ͽ»» ½Ð»ñ¡¿¹×¸¥ rise hugely, with no refunds µö¤¹d.
Macmillan and de Gaulle met at the end of that year, but de Gaulle was intransigent. The ¼óÁê left, almost in ÎÞ¡¿¤Û¤³¤í¤Ós, wondering how on earth he was going to get us into Europe.
Winston Churchill saw a ÉôÂâd Europe as one of ¡Æfour Ã濴¸ºßs¡Ç ɬ¿Ü¤Î for world peace ¡½ ¤È°ì½ï¤Ë the ÉôÂâd ÌÀ¸À¤¹¤ë¡¿¸øɽ¤¹¤ës, the Soviet Union and the British Empire and Ϣˮ¡¿¶¦Ï¹ñ
¤Ë¤è¤ì¤Ð de Gaulle¡Çs director of Europe, who was ¸½ºß¤Î, the ÂçÅýÎΡ¤¡¿¼ÒĹ had hinted during the ²ñ¹ç about one thing that might change his ÂÖÅÙ to British Æþ¤ë¤³¤È¡¿»²²Ã¡Ê¼Ô¡Ë: the ¿½¤·¹þ¤à¡¿¿½¤·½Ð of ³Ë¤Î Éð´ïs.
This sly suggestion doesn¡Çt ¸½¼Â¤Ë appear in the French transcript of the discussion, for one simple ¿äÏÀ¤¹¤ë¡¿Íýͳ: de Gaulle asked for it to be ºï¸º¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë out.
Macmillan himself ñ¤Ë said in his memoirs that he¡Çd later had a Æù¿Æ¡¤¿ÆÎàd of brainwave, ²òǤ¤¹¤ëing that de Gaulle had once said ¥Õ¥é¥ó needed ³Ë¤Î Éð´ïs ¡¼¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë ¹â¤á¤ë its prestige.
³Î¿®¤·¤Æ that he¡Çd at last ÀßΩ¤¹¤ë the ½ÅÍ×¤Ê to Æþ¤ë¤³¤È¡¿»²²Ã¡Ê¼Ô¡Ë, Macmillan ÀâÆÀ¤¹¤ëd ÂçÅýÎÎ John F. Kennedy to ¶¡µë¡Ê¤¹¤ë¡Ë Polaris ¥ß¥µ¥¤¥ës ¡½ not just to Britain but also to ¥Õ¥é¥ó. Surely that would do it . . .
Indeed it would, said the French ³°Ì³Âç¿Ã, Maurice Couve de Murville, who Ìó«d Macmillan there would be no µñÈݸ¢ on our ²ñ°÷¤ÎÃÏ°Ì.
Three days later, however, de Gaulle said ¡ÆÈó¡¤ÉÔ¡¤Ìµ¡Ç.
He¡Çd tricked us into getting ¥Õ¥é¥ó the ÇúÃÆ, and then slammed the door in our ľÌ̤¹¤ës.
As Macmillan wrote in his diary: ¡ÆFrench duplicity has ÇÔËÌ¡¦É餫¤¹d us all.¡Ç
Our second »î¤ß¤ë¡¿´ë¤Æ¤ë to join the ²¤½£¶¦Æ±ÂÎ ¡½ in 1967 ¡½ also ended ignominiously, with another resounding ¡ÆÈó¡¤ÉÔ¡¤Ìµ¡Ç from de Gaulle.
We finally became a member on January 1, 1973.
- Sir Ë¡°Æ Cash is ´óÉÕ¤¹¤ëing his ÎÁ¶â for this article to Help For Heroes. Adapted from From Brussels With Love, co-authored by Sir William Cash, published by Duckworth, Äê²Á¤Ä¤¤Î ¡ò20. The ¿½¤·¹þ¤à¡¿¿½¤·½Ð price is ¡ò14.99 (25% ³ä°ú) until June 18, 2016. Order at mailbookshop.co.uk or call 0844 571 0640; p&p is ²òÊü¤¹¤ë¡¿¼«Í³¤Ê on orders over ¡ò15.
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