Why not even the deaths of 39 migrants who 窒息させるd in a lorry have stopped Vietnamese 危険ing all to reach Britain: It's now the fastest-growing 国籍 on the small boats... and DAVID JONES visits community where nearly 1 in 10 has left for Europe
The young girl's 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な is embossed with a haunting photograph that 逮捕（する）s her innocent beauty.?
Her grief-wizened mother lights incense and places a chocolate cake on the headstone: leaving food to nourish the 死んだ is a Vietnamese custom.
Then, after whispering a 祈り, Tran Tri Hien ― whose カトリック教徒 約束 is a 遺産／遺物 of French 植民地の 支配する ― begins talking to her daughter, whose baptism 指名する was Anna, as though she were still alive.?
'I like to let her know what's happening in the family and tell her the 最新の village gossip,' she explains wistfully, through my 翻訳家.
Watching this poignant scene in the 少しのd-strewn 共同墓地 in Do Thanh, a timeless village surrounded by 米，稲 fields, 170 miles south of the 資本／首都 Hanoi, one was reminded ― if any 思い出の品 were needed ― of the 悲惨 wreaked by 違法な 集まり 移住.
Anna Bui Thi Nhung, one of 39 migrants from Vietnam who died in the 支援する of a refrigerated l orry as they sought to enter Britain
捜査官／調査官s at the scene where the 団体／死体s of the Vietnamese migrants were 設立する in October 2019
Anna's mother, Tran Thi Hien, stands at her daughter's 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な in Vietnam more than four years after Anna died
Tran Thi Hien prays for her daughter at her 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な in Do Thanh, Vietnam after she was 設立する dead in the 支援する of a lorry in Essex
For in October 2019, Anna was の中で the 39 Vietnamese 移民，移住（する）s 誘惑するd to Britain on the 誤った 約束 of a better life, only to 苦しむ a slow, agonising death as they were 餓死するd of oxygen in a refrigerated cross-Channel freight コンテナ.
At 19, Anna was one of the youngest 犠牲者s. She had hoped to find lucrative work enabling her to 支払う／賃金 off the £16,000 her father had borrowed to build their house ― a 負債 that had fallen on her mother after he died 未熟に of 癌, 老年の 52.
By grim irony, however, almost five years after the 悲劇, Tran now 借りがあるs twice that sum.
For even though Anna was killed by the traffickers, and Irish 中心人物 Ronan Hughes and his henchmen are now serving long 刑務所，拘置所 条件, her mother is 強いるd to 返す the 料金 they 需要・要求するd for 密輸するing her from Zeebrugge in Belgium to Purfleet in Essex ― another £16,000, which her daughter borrowed from Vietnamese 親族s and friends.
For seven days a week, therefore, this tiny woman, who stands around 4ft 8in and looks older than her 57 years, takes on any 半端物 職業 she can find, washing 隣人s' 着せる／賦与するs, きれいにする for them, and 集会 rice in autumn, then 手渡すing over the pittance she earns to the 貸す人s.
Tran, whose two other daughters have moved away, does this for honour, knowing she can never hope to 返す the £32,000 ― 15 years' 給料 for the 普通の／平均（する） 労働者 in 共産主義者 Vietnam.
It's a relentlessly hard and lonely 存在, she 収容する／認めるs without self-pity, 追加するing: 'I wish those leaving for England could see that it's far more important to have your loved ones 近づく you than to make money. They would be better off staying here with their families.'
Given the dangers these fortune-探検者s 直面する, and the sordid work they are too often 軍隊d into ― selling sex, guarding 地下組織の cannabis farms where they seldom see daylight, skivvying as 世帯 slaves ― they would indeed.
Yet a growing number of Vietnamese are either blind to the 危険s or 用意が出来ている to take them. In Tran's little community alone, some 1,500 people ― almost nine per cent of the 全住民 ― have recently left for Europe, によれば 明言する／公表する- controlled マスコミ, and many are living 内密に in Britain.
類似して large exoduses are to be 設立する in towns and villages throughout the 州 of Nghe An, and in 隣人ing Ha Tinh, where career prospects are 平等に grim and 給料 pitifully low.
Given the numbers leaving, it may only be a 事柄 of time before another 出荷／船積み of Vietnamese migrants 苦しむ the same 運命／宿命 as Anna, whose salutary story might be a parable dreamt up by proponents of the 政府's Rwanda 法案 if it wasn't horribly real.
The casual inhumanity of the Essex lorry traffickers sent shockwaves around the world. It was supposed to be a turning point in the war on 違法な cross-Channel 移住.?
But as I have seen first-手渡す while に引き続いて these Vietnamese migrants on their surreptitious, nearly 7,000-mile 旅行 to within sight of Dover's off-white cliffs, the only thing that has changed these past five years is the method of transportation.
As we have seen again this week, when an 積みすぎる dinghy 転覆するd, 殺人，大当り five people 含むing a seven-year-old girl, these unseaworthy inflatables are no いっそう少なく dangerous than the lorries used before more stringent 国境 checks made it difficult for migrants to be secreted in 調印（する）d compartments.
And though the 39 deaths were 広範囲にわたって publicised in Vietnam, the deterrent 影響 was 無.
Caolan Gormley, 26, has been 刑務所，拘置所d for his 役割 in the people-密輸するing （犯罪の）一味 which led to the deaths of 39 Vietnamese migrants?
Family photos of the 39 Vietnamese 犠牲者s who died in the lorry trailer on October 23 2019
Vietnamese people sitting in a （軍の）野営地，陣営 at Grand-Synthe, Dunkirk as they 計画（する） to travel to Britain
Vietnamese migrants seen wandering through Grand-Synthe in Dunkirk as they look for ways to reach the UK
That much is （疑いを）晴らす from the 最新の 公式の／役人 人物／姿／数字s showing that the fastest-growing 次第で変わる／派遣部隊 crossing the Channel in small boats are 国家のs from this South-East Asian country, which has few historic 関係 to Britain, and whose people ― though welcoming in my experience ― 一般に have scant knowledge of our language or culture (beyond the 王室の Family and 首相 League football).
In 2022, 505 Vietnamese people made the perilous crossing, which can take eight hours or more, but last year the number more than 二塁打d to 1,323, and that has almost been より勝るd in the first four months of 2024. Between January 1 and April 21, a その上の 1,266 Vietnamese （機の）カム by dinghy ― one-fifth of the 6,265 total.
表明するing 関心 over this 傾向, a few days ago, Rishi Sunak said: 'Vietnamese migrants have 増加するd tenfold. They account for almost all of the 増加する in small-boat numbers we have seen this year.'
Their compatriots now have a pitying 指名する for these naively expectant 経済的な migrants, one learns. It translates as 'straw people', a 称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 ーするつもりであるd to signify their elusiveness and the precariousness of their 旅行s.
It remains to be seen whether a 共同の British-Vietnamese 政治の （選挙などの）運動をする to 逆転する the outflow, which last month featured an internet ビデオ 警告 would-be Channel-crossers not to 危険 存在 'swallowed by the sea', will make an 衝撃.
From the foolhardy 決意 I have 遭遇（する）d these past few days, though, I 疑問 it.
にもかかわらず this week's deaths, new Vietnamese 野営s have already sprung up along the northern coast of フラン, their youthful occupants ready to 移転 £1,600 and 上向きs into some faceless trafficker's bank account and dash for a waiting boat the moment they get the word.
An Iraqi in the （軍の）野営地，陣営 told me the 密輸するing ギャング（団）'s overlord is a Kurd with such a fearsome 評判 that nobody dares ask his 指名する or どの辺に.
飛行機で行くing from Hanoi to Paris on Tuesday, and 運動ing north to the small town of Loon-Plage, 近づく Dunkirk, I 設立する 得点する／非難する／２０s of bedraggled adventurers billeted on scrubland 国境ing an 産業の 広い地所. Having 出発／死d a country where steamy spring heat touches 38C, they shivered in an unseasonably 冷淡な hailstorm.
Hidden by knotted thickets of sea-buckthorn and creeping willow, they subsist in 一時しのぎの物，策 テントs 攻撃するd together from tree 支店s and plastic sheets.
One of their number, Quang, was celebrating his 20th birthday and as I arrived they were 行う／開催する／段階ing a 祝宴 for him, with an 上昇傾向d shopping trolley used as a barbecue to 取調べ／厳しく尋問する pork steaks.
They had stumped up for cans of Heineken which they laid out on a blue tarpaulin in the 形態／調整 of a heart. Before attacking the food, they sang a rousing chorus of 'Happy Birthday' but could 召喚する few other words of English.
A 27-year-old migrant 指名するd Ut had come from the same 地区 as Anna. Speaking to my fixer in Hanoi 経由で WhatsApp, he told me of his astonishing 旅行 here.?
It had taken two years, he （人命などを）奪う，主張するd. Abandoning his £126-a-month 職業 on a building 場所／位置 and leaving his three-year-old daughter with his mother, he had first 安全な・保証するd a ビザ to work 合法的に in Russia ― obtainable online.
This is a 大勝する followed by many Vietnamese migrants whose true 目的地 is Britain.?
Others go 経由で European countries with 平易な 接近, such as Serbia, Romania and, more recently, Hungary, which needs 労働者s for its burgeoning construction, food 過程ing and 農業 産業s, and has just 調印するd a を取り引きする Vietnam's 共産党政治部 enabling its 国民s to fill vacancies.
From Moscow, Ut said, he had walked 刻々と 西方のs, never knowing which country he was in. For five months he 労働d on a farm in a remote forest, but the owner hadn't paid him.
But when ― not if ― he made it to England, he would earn £2,000 a month, so he had heard, making his titanic struggle worthwhile.
He wouldn't be 支払う／賃金ing traffickers, he told me, for he was の中で a group of Vietnamese who planned to buy their own dinghy, then 操縦する it across the world's 商売／仕事 shipping 小道／航路.
Others have 溺死するd in 正確に this way, I 警告するd him. 'After what I've been through, nothing 脅すs me,' （機の）カム the reply. 'I know I could die for any 推論する／理由, at any time.'
密談する／（身体を）寄せ集めるd around a standpipe 供給するd for the hundreds of 多国籍の migrants 野営するd at Loon-Plage, I later watched four waiflike Vietnamese 女性（の）s larking around, as if they were o n a （軍の）野営地，陣営ing holiday, as they washed 着せる／賦与するs, bowls and chopsticks. Had they read a 最近の article in The Times they might not have been laughing.
Duong Ngoc Bay, who arranges ビザs to Europe for Vietnamese people so they can take tjobs with 給料 high enough to send money home
His 機関 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s £1,600 to Vietnamese pe ople to 始める，決める them up in lucrative overseas 職業s
明らかにする／漏らすing that most new Vietnamese arrivals were now women (which 始める，決めるs them apart from other 国籍s), a 国境 軍隊 source said they had been 設立する to carry 'a 重要な 量' of contraception, 示唆するing they ーするつもりであるd to work in the sex 産業.
I 手配中の，お尋ね者 to know whether this 関心d the women, but they 辞退するd to engage with me.
So why had these young men and women left Vietnam? And why do they 危険 life and 四肢 to reach Britain when they might いっそう少なく hazardously find work in other European countries, 同様に as Asian countries with にわか景気ing economies and open-door 労働 政策s, such as 中国, Japan and South Korea?
The answers became obvious 支援する in Nghe An. Though this 州 of 3.5 million people in North-Central Vietnam is rich in 資源s and impressive new office 封鎖するs are sprouting in Vinh, its main city, the 普通の／平均（する） 行う is いっそう少なく than £2,000 a year.
Moreover, the 政府, for all its 社会主義者 pretensions, relies ひどく on the 'remittance' money sent home by its migrant 全労働人口. It now brings in some £8 billion a year, so 合法的な 移住 is 活発に encouraged.
運動ing through Nghe An, one sees many impressive 私的な houses built with migrant 収入s, 合法的な or さもなければ. The roads are lined with boards advertising foreign 職業 適切な時期s.
Duong Ngoc Bay, whose 機関 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s £1,600 to place people in these 地位，任命するs and arrange the paperwork, 収容する／認めるs his service isn't an 選択 for everyone.
Many can't learn the language of their 目的地 countries or acquire the 技術s for the 職業s on 申し込む／申し出. Others are みなすd unsuitable for ビザs, perhaps because they have a 前科.
Still more are not 用意が出来ている to wait for several months until 手はず／準備 have been put in place. So they 支払う／賃金 many times Duong's 料金 ― up to £20,000 is not uncommon ― to be trafficked.
As for why they all too often gravitate to the shores of Kent, that became （疑いを）晴らす when, over supper, a shady though engaging character in his 50s regaled me with his 注目する，もくろむ-開始 story.
Though he confided to my fixer that he once trafficked people into Britain, in my presence he would only 収容する／認める to 存在 secreted to Dover in the 支援する of a lorry carrying sunflower seeds.
When the lorry stopped at a motorway services, he says, he leapt out and was 敏速に 逮捕（する）d.?
However, after two weeks in a 拘留，拘置 centre he was amazed to be 解放する／自由なd ― with no 強制s ― so he made his way to Camberwell, South London, where he had friends, and soon opened a nail 妨げる／法廷，弁護士業.
He operated this money-spinning 商売／仕事 for eight years, working seven days a week and living in the 地階, yet no one ever questioned his presence.
Astonishingly, he was even left to continue manicuring when, after two years, he grew tired of looking over his shoulder and 明らかにする／漏らすd his presence to the UK 国境 機関.?
The 団体／死体s of 39 Vietnamese migrants were 設立する in the 支援する of a lorry in Purfleet in October 2019
The 39 Vietnamese 国家のs died in the 調印（する）d コンテナ as it was 存在 輸送（する）d by フェリー（で運ぶ） from Zeebrugge in Belgium to Purfleet in October 2019
Dinh Sat, father of Nguyen Dinh Tu, who also died in the lorry in essex, と一緒に his son's 未亡人 Long
When he 降伏するd himself, they sent him on his way with an 身元 card ― which he showed me ― 規定するing that he must not work but 許すing him to use the NHS.
A その上の six years passed before he decided to come home in 2017. Having deposited £1,600 every mo nth into his Vietnamese bank account, by then he must have saved at least £150,000 ― and かなり more if he was 内密に running a trafficking ゆすり 同様に.
He now owns car and 所有物／資産／財産 dealerships in Vinh and drove me to his favourite restaurant in a 最高の，を越す-of-the-範囲 Honda CR-V. No wonder he loves London ― except, that is, for one thing.
'There are too many foreign people living there,' he said without irony.
Although 本人自身で I don't agree with sending migrants to Rwanda, after に引き続いて the Vietnamese migrants along their road to perdition I have never felt more 堅固に that we need to stop this insanity. Not least to save those naive enough to believe Britain is some Shangri-La from themselves.
Visiting another 悲しみing family who live just a few streets away from Anna's mother in Do Thanh, I was met with another sobering photograph: that of Nguyen Dinh Tu, 26, proudly attired in his 国家の service uniform.
He, too, clawed vainly at the 調印（する）d door of that Essex-bound コンテナ, leaving his 未亡人 struggling to raise two children.
Yet Nguyen's father, a 74-year-old war 退役軍人, told me he knew many 地元のs who believe their only 未来 lies in Britain.
'They know how my son died but think it's 価値（がある） taking a 危険 to be successful,' he said, shaking his 長，率いる. 'I wish our two 政府s could get together and do something to stop them trying to escape in this 哀れな way.'
Amen to that. Only the vile traffickers who （種を）蒔く seeds of hope in the straw people, then cast them to the four 勝利，勝つd, could かもしれない see things 異なって.
