明らかにする／漏らすd: The most scientifically 正確な 直面するs of 古代の human 種類 ? 含むing one known as ‘The Hobbit’
Homo sapiens might have been the 支配的な 種類 on the 惑星 for millennia, but it wasn't always that way.
When the first Homo sapiens 現れるd around 300,000 years ago, our ancestors were just one of six human 種類 on the 惑星.
Now, scientists have 明らかにする／漏らすd the most scientifically 正確な 再建s of what those 古代の humans would have looked like.
This 含むs the 直面する of an elusive 古代の 種類 known as 'The Hobbit'.
As part of the 近づいている BBC 文書の, 'Human', scientists have 連合させるd cutting-辛勝する／優位 数字表示式の modelling techniques with the 最新の 化石 証拠.
The result is our best look at Homo erectus, Homo floresiensis, Neanderthals, and the very earliest members of Homo sapiens ever discovered.
Paleoanthropologist and presenter of the show Ella Al-Shamahi says: 'These are the most scientifically 正確な collection of hyper-real 3D models of human 種類 ever put on TV that we know of.
Human begins on Monday 14 July, 9 pm, on BBC Two and all five episodes will be 利用できる on BBC iPlayer from this date.
Scientists have created the most scientifically 正確な 再建s of 古代の human 種類, 含むing the tiny 種類 愛称d 'The Hobbit' (pictured)?
Homo erectus
Home erectus was the first human 種類 to 排他的に walk upright on two 脚s like humans do today.
Anthropologists believe they lived between 1.89 million and 110,000 years ago.
They lived in an area which 最初 covered Africa but later spread across large parts of Asia and even to the 辛勝する／優位s of Europe.
This was the first time a hominin, a 大主教 closely 関係のある to humans, had 投機・賭けるd outside of Africa.
It would be a その上の two million years before Homo sapiens would be able to replicate this daring 移住.
They were taller than previous hominins, with long 脚s that made them efficient walkers.
Their upright posture also 解放する／自由なd up the use of their 手渡すs, which 許すd big-brained Homo erectus to develop 道具s and become the first hominin to master 解雇する／砲火／射撃.
Home erectus (pictured) was the first human 種類 to 排他的に walk upright on two 脚s like humans do today. Anthropologists believe they lived between 1.89 million and 110,000 years ago
肉体的に, they were somewhat 類似の to modern-day humans but a little shorter, around five feet tall on 普通の／平均（する）.
They had 類似の 長，率いる sizes compared to a modern human, but had flatter 直面するs and a more 目だつ brow 山の尾根.
Homo floresiensis
This 種類 was 設立する on the island of Flores, Indonesia and lived between 700,000 and 50,000 years ago.
愛称d 'The Hobbit' after J.R.R Tolkien's fictional creatures, Homo floresiensis was exceptionally small compared to modern humans.
The 普通の／平均（する） homo floresiensis stands at just three and a half feet tall (one metre), with very long 脚s compared to their 団体／死体 size.
Much like Tolkien's Hobbits, Homo floresiensis also had large, flat feet.
They also had very small skulls, with brains about one-third the size of modern humans - 類似の to that of a chimpanzee.
Homo floresiensis (pictured) was a tiny, island-dwelling human 種類 which stood at no more than?three and a ha lf feet tall and lived?between 700,000 and 50,000 years ago
In 新規加入 to their smaller 長，率いるs, Homo floresiensis likely had a more pronounced brow and no 目だつ chin.
Scientists believe that Homo floresiensis became so small 予定 to an 影響 called insular dwarfism.
This 反映するs the fact that large animals on islands 発展させる to become smaller to を取り引きする 限られた／立憲的な 資源s.
At the same time, smaller animals typically become larger 予定 to a 欠如（する） of predators.
This meant Homo floresiensis 株d its island with elephants that were the size of cows, 巨大（な） brown ネズミs and meat-eating storks which stood up to two metres tall.
Homo neanderthalensis
More 一般的に known as the Neanderthal, Homo neanderthalensis are our closest human 親族s.
This 種類 lived across a 抱擁する 列 of the Middle East, Central Asia, and Europe between 430,000 and 40,000 years ago.
Homo neanderthalensis, also known as the Neanderthal, is our closest human 親族. These 種類 lived between 430,000 and 40,000 years ago and often interbred with humans
Neanderthals were physiologically adapted to colder 天候, with wide noses and nostrils adapted for breathing 冷淡な, 乾燥した，日照りの 空気／公表する.
They had large 前線 teeth, which they used as a 'third 手渡す' while 準備するing food, but did not have a pron ounced chin like a modern human.
Their 団体／死体s were stocky and 井戸／弁護士席-muscled, with longer 武器 and shorter 脚s than modern humans.
Adults stood about five feet (1.5 metres) tall but could 重さを計る between 64 and 82kg.
Scientists think their 割合s would have minimised their surface area to help 保存する 団体／死体 heat during Earth's colder periods.
Neanderthals also overlapped with Homo sapiens for thousands of years and the two 種類 often mingled and interbred.
Every 現在の human outside of Africa has some Neanderthal デオキシリボ核酸, with some people getting up to four per cent of their 遺伝子s from this 古代の 種類.
Homo sapiens
The first Homo sapiens (pictured) were 設立する in?Jebel Irhoud in Morocco, North Africa, and scientists think they date 支援する to around 300,000 years ago. These 古代の Homo sapiens had わずかに more pronounced brows and elongated 長，率いるs?
This 再建 shows the oldest known Homo sapiens, the 種類 of all modern humans.
These 化石s come from a place called Jebel Irhoud in Morocco, North Africa, and scientists think they date 支援する to around 300,000 years ago.
This puts the 出現s of Homo sapiens some 100,000 years earlier than scientists had 以前 thought.
Although they were part of the same 種類, these very 早期に Homo sapiens had a few minor differences to modern humans.
Most 明白に, these individuals had heavier brows and elongated skulls.
Some scientists see this as 証拠 of earlier humans 発展させるing into the very first Homo sapiens.
After 現れるing in Africa, a small group of around 10,000 Homo sapiens crossed into Europe around 60,000 years ago and managed to 設立する a 全住民.
Everyone outside of Africa is descended from those first few thousand humans, which is why Africa has a much higher level of genetic 多様制.
A の近くに 親族 of modern humans, Neanderthals went extinct 40,000 years ago
The Neanderthals were a の近くに human ancestor that mysteriously died out around 40,000 years ago.
The 種類 lived in Africa with 早期に humans for millennia before moving across to Europe around 300,000 years ago.
They were later joined by humans, who entered Eurasia around 48,000 years ago.??
The Neanderthals were a cousin 種類 of humans but not a direct ancestor - the two 種類 分裂（する） from a ありふれた ancestor -? that 死なせる／死ぬd around 50,000 years ago. Pictured is a Neanderthal museum 展示（する）
These were the 初めの 'cavemen', 歴史的に thought to be 薄暗い-witted and brutish compared to modern humans.
In 最近の years though, and 特に over the last １０年間, it has become ますます 明らかな we've been selling Neanderthals short.
A growing 団体／死体 of 証拠 points to a more sophisticated and multi-talented 肉親，親類d of 'caveman' than anyone thought possible.
It now seems likely that Neanderthals had told, buried their dead, painted and even interbred with humans.???
They used 団体／死体 art such as pigments and beads, and they were the very first artists, with Neanderthal 洞穴 art (and symbolism) in Spain 明らかに predating the earliest modern human art by some 20,000 years.
They are thought to have 追跡（する）d on land and done some fishing. However, they went extinct around 40,000 years ago に引き続いて the success of Homo sapiens in Europe.??
Scientists 警告する hundreds of 活動停止中の 火山s could soon 爆発する - with 爆発s more powerful than ever
