How T.Rex 配達するd its bone 鎮圧するing bites: King of the dinosaurs 持続するd a stiff lower jaw to keep struggling prey in place, 熟考する／考慮する 明らかにする／漏らすs
- New 研究 演説（する）／住所s '長年の mystery' on the anatomy of the T.Rex jaw
- US 研究員s used CT ざっと目を通すs of dinosaur 化石s and modern-day 見本／標本s
- T.Rex would crunch 負かす／撃墜する and ingest bones of its prey, previous 証拠 shows?
Tyrannosaurus rex (T.Rex) was only able to crunch the bone of its unfortunate prey thanks to its stiff lower jaws, a new 熟考する／考慮する shows.?
Perhaps the most fearsome of all the dinosaurs, T.Rex chomped through bone by keeping a 共同の in their lower jaw 安定した like an alligator, it 明らかにする／漏らすs.?
Scientists had 以前 assumed T.Rex had a 柔軟な jaw like a snake to?keep struggling prey in their jaws, but the new 分析 shows the lower jaw was kept level and sturdy.?
The 専門家s used 計算するd tomography (CT) ざっと目を通すs of dinosaur 化石s and modern reptiles to build a 詳細（に述べる）d 3D model of the T.Rex jaw.?
Tyrannosaurus rex (T.Rex) would crunch 負かす／撃墜する and ingest the bones of its prey, previous?化石 証拠 示唆するs. Now, new 研究 演説（する）／住所s 長年の mystery on the anatomy of the Tyrannosaurus rex j aw
WHAT WAS T. REX??
Tyrannosaurus rex was a 種類 of bird-like, meat-eating dinosaur.
It lived between 68?66 million years ago in what is now the western 味方する of North America.
They could reach up to 40 feet (12 metres) long and 12 feet (4 metres) tall.
More than 50 fossilised 見本／標本s of T. Rex have been collected to date.
The monstrous animal had one of the strongest bites in the animal kingdom.
An artist's impression of T. Rex
'We discovered that these 共同のs likely were not 柔軟な at all, as dinosaurs like T.Rex 所有する specialised bones that cross the 共同の to 強化する the lower jaw,' said 熟考する／考慮する author John Fortner at the University of Missouri.?
The 研究 sheds new light on a conundrum ? or 'biomechanical paradox' as the team put it.?
It's already known T.Rex could bite hard enough to 粉々にする the bones of its prey, but how it 遂行するd this feat without breaking its own skull bones has perplexed paleontologists.
ますます now, 研究員s argue that its skull was stiff much like the skulls of hyenas and crocodiles, and not 柔軟な like snakes and birds as some scientists 以前 thought.?
Dinosaurs had a 共同の in the middle of their lower jaws, called the intramandibular 共同の, which is also 現在の in modern-day reptiles.?
Previous 研究 has 示唆するd this 共同の was 柔軟な, like it is in snakes and freaky-looking 監視する lizards, helping carnivorous dinosaurs to keep struggling prey in their jaws.??
However, it has been 不明瞭な whether the jaws were 柔軟な at all, or how they could be strong enough to bite through and ingest bone, which Tyrannosaurus did 定期的に, によれば 化石 証拠.
The 研究員s used CT ざっと目を通すs of dinosaur 化石s and modern-day 見本／標本s, 含むing the crocodile, to create a 3D computer model of a dinosaur jaw and identify where muscles attach to bone.?
They then used the model to ふりをする muscle 軍隊s under different biting シナリオs.???
The 研究員s used CT ざっと目を通すs of dinosaur 化石s and modern-day 見本／標本s to create a 3D computer model of a dinosaur jaw and identify where muscles attach to bone. They then used the model to ふりをする muscle 軍隊s under different biting シナリオs. 星／主役にするs 示す areas where 緊張する was 査定する／（税金などを）課すd
Unlike previous models, their 模擬実験／偽ることs 含む bone, tendons and specialised muscles that 包む around the mandible (the lower jaw).
'We are modelling dinosaur jaws in a way that 簡単に has not been done before,' said Fortner.?
'We are the first to 生成する a 3D model of a dinosaur mandible which 会社にする／組み込むs not only an intramandibular 共同の, but also ふりをするs the soft tissues within and around the jaw.'
To 決定する whether the intramandibular 共同の could 持続する 柔軟性 under 軍隊s 要求するd to crunch through bone, the team ran 模擬実験／偽ることs to calculate the 緊張するs that would occur at さまざまな points depending on where the jaw hinged.?
The results 示唆する bone running along the inside of the jaw called the prearticular 行為／法令／行動するd as a 緊張する 沈む to 中和する／阻止する bending at the intramandibular 共同の, keeping the lower jaw stiff.
Previous 研究 has 示唆するd this 共同の was 柔軟な, like it is in 監視する lizards (pictured) and snakes today, helping carnivorous dinosaurs to keep struggling prey in their jaws. In the wild, the almost dinosaur-like?監視する lizard eats reptiles, small 哺乳動物s, insects, eggs, birds? and more
The team 計画（する）s to 適用する their modelling approach to other dinosaur 種類 to その上の 向こうずね some light on the biting mechanics の中で dinosaurs.
The results, which are 存在 現在のd online this week, could even help 研究員s better understand today's creatures.
'Because dinosaur mandibles are 現実に built so much like living reptiles, we can use the anatomy of living reptiles to 知らせる how we 建設する our mandible models,' said Fortner.?
'In turn, the 発見s we make about T.Rex's mandible can 供給する more clarity on the 多様制 of feeding 機能（する）／行事 in today's reptiles like crocodilians and birds.'
The?熟考する／考慮する is 存在 現在のd at the American 協会 for Anatomy 年次の 会合 during the 実験の Biology ( EB) 2021 会合, held 事実上 from April 27 to 30.?
The findings come すぐに after a 熟考する／考慮する published last week 設立する that にもかかわらず their 残虐な feeding habits,?T.Rex had only a 穏健な walking 速度(を上げる）.
Scientists in the Netherlands developed a new method to 見積（る） the preferred walking 速度(を上げる） of T. Rex, based on 分析 of a 保存するd 見本／標本 called Trix, 現在／一般に on 陳列する，発揮する at Museum Naturalis in Leiden, Netherlands.??
They 明らかにする／漏らすd T. Rex enjoyed a 'leisurely' stroll at just 2.8 miles per hour (4.6km per hour) ? a 率 類似の to the natural walking 速度(を上げる） of emus, elephants, horses and humans and lower than previous 見積（る）s.?
T.Rex just got even scarier! King of the dinosaurs may have 追跡（する）d in PACKS just like wolves
Pictured: the 技術 of a T.Rex 設立する two miles north of the いわゆる 'Rainbows and Unicorns quarry' in the?Grand Staircase-Escalante 国家の Monument
Tyrannosaurus rex may not have been a 独房監禁 predator, but instead?追跡（する）d its prey in packs, just like wolves, a 2021 熟考する／考慮する 示唆するd.
Palaeontologists have been 熟考する／考慮するing a T.Rex 集まり death 場所／位置 設立する 支援する in 2014 in the いわゆる Rainbows and Unicorns quarry in the Grand Staircase-Escalante 国家の Monument in southern Utah.
分析 of T.Rex 化石 bones 明らかにする／漏らすd that members of the 種類 died and were buried together.?
The notion that?tyrannosaurs might have been social carnivores was first 討議するd some two １０年間s ago, when more than a dozen of the dinosaurs were 設立する buried together at a dig 場所／位置 in?Alberta, Canada.
A second 集まり 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な 場所／位置 was subsequently 設立する in?Montana - and the?Rainbows and Unicorns quarry assemblage makes for the third 設立する to date.?
'Going that next step to understand behaviour and how animals beha ve 要求するs really amazing 証拠,' said Denver Museum of Nature & Science's?curator of dinosaurs,?Joseph Sertich.
'I think that this 場所／位置 - the みごたえのある collection of tyrannosaurs but also the other 組み立てる／集結するd pieces of 証拠 - 押し進めるs us to the point where we can show some 証拠 for behaviour.'?
にもかかわらず the 開始するing 証拠, many 専門家s have contested the idea, arguing that dinosaurs 簡単に did not have the brainpower needed for コンビナート／複合体 social interaction.?
Read more: T.Rex may have 追跡（する）d in PACKS just like wolves, 熟考する／考慮する 明らかにする／漏らすs
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