Oysters off the 湾 of Mexico are still 疫病／悩ますd with tissue abnormalities from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil 流出／こぼす that 捨てるd more than four million バーレル／樽s into the ocean

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The Deepwater Horizon oil 流出／こぼす in 2010 捨てるd more than four million バーレル／樽s of oil into the 湾 of Mexico and 研究員s 設立する 海洋 life is still feeling the 衝撃 of the 災害.

A team of scientists led by the California 学院 of Sciences show Eastern have 意味ありげに higher 率s of metaplasia - a 条件 that can 原因（となる） debilitating tissue abnormalities - than those from a 地域 影響を受けない by the oil 流出／こぼす.

A total of 38 見本／標本s from the 湾 of Mexico were 分析するd, which were collected in 2010, 2011 and 2013, and 60 パーセント were 設立する with digestive tract metaplasia, while abnormalities were not 設立する in those from Chesapeake Bay.

The Deepwater Horizon oil 流出／こぼす, the worst in the nation's history, was 誘発するd by an 爆発 on a BP-operated oil 装備する in the 湾 of Mexico on April 20, 2010.

The enormous 爆破 killed 11 people and 抑えるのをやめるd 210 million gallons of oil into the ocean - which is a fraction of the total of oil 流出／こぼすd into the oceans.?

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A team of scientists led by the California 学院 of Sciences show Eastern have 意味ありげに higher 率s of metaplasia (pictured) -a 条件 that can 原因（となる） debilitating tissue abnormalities- than those from a 地域 影響を受けない by the oil 流出／こぼす

Professor Deanne Roopnarine with Nova Southeastern University (NSU) said in a 声明: 'The differences we 設立する between the oysters was 破滅的な.

'Those from Chesapeake Bay had beautiful ciliated gills, which they use to help filter food 粒子s, while some from the 湾 Coast had no cilia at all.?

'When I saw that I thought, how are these animals feeding and 生き残るing?'

One theory, によれば the 研究員s, is that the oysters have adapted to live with metaplasia and other 衝撃s from the 石油 extraction 産業.

A total of 38 見本／標本s from the 湾 of Mexico were 分析するd, which were collected in 2010, 2011 and 2013, and 60 パーセント were 設立する with digestive tract metaplasia, while abnormalities were not 設立する in those from Chesapeake Bay (pictured)

The Deepwater Horizon oil 流出／こぼす, the worst in the nation's history, was 誘発するd by an 爆発 on a BP-operated oil 装備する in the 湾 of Mexico on April 20, 2010

Without tissue 見本s from Eastern oyste rs 事前の to the oil 流出／こぼす, however, the 研究員s say there is insufficient baseline data to 決定する whether or not the 率s of metaplasia in 湾 Coast 全住民s were 直接／まっすぐに 影響する／感情d by the event.

For this 熟考する／考慮する, 38 oysters from the 湾 of Mexico (GoM) and eight 見本／標本s from Chesapeake Bay, Maryland were collected.?

Those taken within the oil 流出／こぼす 地域 were pulled from?沼s in a 支援する-障壁 lagoon connected to Barataria Bay at the eastern end of Grand 小島, Louisiana and 近づく the Alabama 本土／大陸 along the causeway to Dauphin Island in August 2010.

And more oysters were collected at Grand 小島 in June 2013.?

Those from Chesapeake Bay were gathered in 2010, 2012 and 2013.

Pictured is a 地図／計画する showing the 場所 of the oil 流出／こぼす

付加 oysters were 得るd fresh from oyster fishermen collecting in Apalachicola Bay, Florida in December 2010 and December 2011.

'見本／標本s from the GoM were frozen for periods 範囲ing from one to 16 months (普通の／平均（する） = 6.2 months), and 支配（する）／統制する 見本／標本s from Chesapeake Bay were frozen between one and eight months (普通の／平均（する） = 2.5 mo nths),' the team wrote in teh 熟考する／考慮する published in the 定期刊行物 POLS ONE.

'We 実験（する）d for the dependence of the occurrence of any type of metaplasia on the duration for which a 見本／標本 was frozen 事前の to histological 分析, and 拒絶するd any such dependence for both ctenidial and digestive tissues (Logistic regression: ctenidia.?

人物／姿／数字s A through C show normal digestive 跡をつけるs of oysters taken from?Chesapeake Bay. D through F 最高潮の場面 those taken from Louisiana, which 展示（する）?metaplasia

'All GoM 見本／標本s 展示（する）d some type of ctenidial metaplasia 関わりなく the duration of 氷点の, 反して no 見本／標本s from Chesapeake Bay did.'

The team hopes that their results 奮起させる deeper, longer-称する，呼ぶ／期間／用語 監視するing 成果／努力s for Eastern oysters and other important but often overlooked 種類 along the 湾 Coast that could be negatively 衝撃d by continued oil 流出／こぼすs in the 地域, like those 存在 報告（する）／憶測d in the 影響 of ハリケーン Ida.

'As long as we continue 抽出するing 石油 from our 惑星's oceans, we will continue to expose 沿岸の ecosystems to 汚染,' Curator Peter Roopnarine said.?

'Hopefully this 熟考する／考慮する and its 見本s―which are now 蓄える／店d in the 学院's 科学の collections for 未来 研究員s to use―will lead to a better understanding of how oil 流出／こぼすs are 直接／まっすぐに 衝撃ing those communities.'

Deepwater Horizon oil 流出／こぼす: The worst oil 流出／こぼす in US history that saw 4 MILLION バーレル／樽s 捨てるd into the 湾 of Mexico

The Deepwater Horizon 災害 took place on April 20, 2010, and led to the death of 11 労働者s

The 装備する blew on April 20, 2010, 殺人，大当り 11 労働者s, and 噴出するd 210million gallons of oil into the 湾 through the summer.??

It is regarded as the worst 環境の 大災害 in US history.?

Scientists are still trying to 人物／姿／数字 where all the oil went and what 影響s it had.

The BP 演習ing 装備する 爆発するd in April 2010, 殺人，大当り 11 労働者s and 噴出するing about 72 million gallons of oil into the 湾 through the summer

BP was 一時停止するd from 成し遂げるing any new 政府 work in America in November 2012, after it agreed to 罪を認める and 支払う／賃金 a $4.5billion 罰金 (£2.8billion) for 犯罪の 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金s over the Deepwater Horizon d isaster.?

The 災害 left ぐずぐず残る oil residues which have altered life in the ocean by 減ずるing biodiversity in 場所／位置s closest to the 流出／こぼす.

In a 最近の 熟考する／考慮する, 研究員s took sediment 見本s from shipwrecks scattered up to 150km (93 miles) from the 流出／こぼす 場所／位置 to 熟考する／考慮する how microbial communities on the 難破させるs changed.?

On two shipwrecks の近くに to the source of the the plume of oil ? the German U-166 潜水艦 and a 木造の 19th-century sailing 大型船 ? scientists saw a 明白な oil residue.?