EXCLUSIVEHow much of England's motorway 網状組織 has no hard shoulder? This 地図／計画する 明らかにする／漏らすs all...

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This week, モーターing groups have called for the 現在の - and next - 政府 to take その上の 活動／戦闘 on smart motorways by 再提出するing hard shoulders where they've been 除去するd.

嘆願s from both the RAC and AA on Monday were made a year to the date Rishi Sunak 発表するd the 取り消し of 14 未来 planned smart motorway 事業／計画（する）s, 特記する／引用するing 財政上の 圧力s and a 欠如（する） of public 信用／信任 in the roads に引き続いて a number of high-profile deaths.

However, the 総理大臣 on 15 April 2023 stopped short of scrapping the 400 miles of smart motorway already put in place - 含むing stretches without a hard shoulder.

排除的 分析 行為／行うd for This is Money by road safety charity IAM RoadSmart identifies how much of England's busy motorway 網状組織 現在／一般に doesn't have a hard shoulder either at any time or when there is 激しい congestion.

How many miles of motorway in England 現在／一般に doesn't have a hard shoulder? IAM RoadSmart has crunched the numbers for us to 確認する, as モーターing groups call on the 総理大臣 to 復帰させる hard shoulders on stretches without without one

How many miles of England's motorways don't have a hard shoulder??

分析 of 公式の／役人 data by IAM RoadSmart shows that almost 250 miles (249.5) of our motorway 網状組織 is 現在／一般に All 小道／航路 Running (ALR) and therefore without a hard shoulder.

This is based on the 最新の smart motorways stocktake 報告（する）／憶測 published by 国家の 主要道路s?which 供給するd （警察などへの）密告，告訴（状） about live 計画／陰謀s as of 2021.

This shows that 193 miles of smart motorway were ALR at the time.?

However, IAM RoadSmart's 見積（る）s that 事業／計画（する）s 完全にするd in 2022 and 2023 have seen another 56 miles without a hard shoulder.

This 含むs the 14 mile section of?M4 between junctions 3 and 8/9 and the 15 miles of M27 between junction 4 and 11, both of which opened in 2022.

The に引き続いて year, 23 miles of the M1 between junction 13 and 16 were 完全にするd, as was a four mile stretch on the M56 between junction 6 and 8.

As such, this means that 13 per cent of the nation's 1,916 miles of motorway 網状組織 has no hard shoulder at any time.

モーターing groups have called on 大臣s to 復帰させる the hard shoulder at ALR sections by 変えるing them to Dynamic Hard Shoulder (DHS) 計画／陰謀s.

This type of smart motorway 伴う／関わるs 開始 the hard shoulder as a running 小道／航路 to traffic only at busy periods to 緩和する congestion.

On these stretches a solid white line differentiates the hard shoulder from the normal carriageway. 総計費 調印するs on gantries 示す whether or not the hard shoulder is open to traffic.

When the hard shoulder is in place, as red 'X' is 陳列する，発揮するd on gantries (while it will show a 速度(を上げる） 限界 調印する if 存在 used as an active 小道／航路).?

The hard shoulder can be 復帰させるd at any time by 陳列する，発揮するing a red X on the gantry above.

現在／一般に, IAM RoadSmart says there are 62.6 miles of DHS smart motorway.

This means that during times of 激しい congestion, up to 16.3 per cent of England's entire motorway 網状組織 could be operating without a hard shoulder.

This chart shows how much of the hard shoulder has been 除去するd from England's motorway 網状組織 in the last １０年間 or so

IAM RoadSmart Director of 政策 Nicholas Lyes said: 'にもかかわらず the 政府 cancelling the construction of new all-小道／航路 running smart motorways, around 250 miles of England’s 存在するing motorway 網状組織 has no hard shoulder どれでも and almost a ４半期/4分の1 is a smart motorway of some sort of configuration.?

'Many drivers 堅固に dislike of the idea of 除去するing the hard shoulder because of the 危険s associated with breaking 負かす／撃墜する in a live 小道／航路.?

'The question the 政府 now needs to consider is whether to 復帰させる a hard shoulder on 存在するing sections.?

'Arguably this could in the form of a part-time running 小道／航路 to help with traffic flow at 頂点（に達する） times.'

国家の 主要道路s, the 政府-owned company 告発（する），告訴（する）／料金d with operating, 持続するing and 改善するing motorways and major A roads in England, published a 報告（する）／憶測 in December that showed that smart motorways without a hard shoulder were three times more dangerous to break 負かす／撃墜する on than those with an 緊急 小道／航路?

RAC and AA call for hard shoulders to be 復帰させるd on 存在するing smart motorways

The first stretch of ALR smart motorway ? using the hard shoulder as a 永久の live traffic 小道／航路 ? opened on the M25 in Hertfordshire ten years ago.

ALR is one of three different types of smart motorway and the most 議論の的になる.

It is the only one that 削除するs the hard shoulder 完全に in an 目的（とする） to 増加する traffic capacity at a lower cost than 広げるing roads.

There have been long-standing safety 関心s about ALR smart motorways after a number of 致命的な 出来事/事件s in which 乗り物s stopped in live 小道／航路s and were 攻撃する，衝突する from behind.

All 小道／航路 Running (ALR) is one of three different types of smart motorway and the most 議論の的になる. It is the only one that 削除するs the hard shoulder 完全に in an 目的（とする） to 増加する traffic capacity at a lower cost than 広げるing roads?

ALR smart motorways have 緊急 避難 areas that are often too spread apart for drivers to reach when they 決裂／故障

RAC 長，率いる of 政策 Simon Williams 述べるs the ALR 計画／陰謀 as a 'distinctly 人気がない type of motorway' that remain in place across '200-加える miles' of the 存在するing 網状組織.

'While 先触れ（する）d as a cost-効果的な way of 増加するing capacity on some of our busier roads, a colossal 量 of public money has since gone into trying to make them safer ? for instance by 任命する／導入するing レーダ-based 科学（工学）技術 to （悪事，秘密などを）発見する stricken 乗り物s more quickly, 加える the 創造 of 付加 緊急 避難 areas,' Williams explained.?

'This cash needn't have been spent had the 政府 not taken the 決定／判定勝ち（する） to plough on with building all-小道／航路 running motorways, 関わりなく 関心s 表明するd by drivers, the RAC and even the 輸送（する） 委員会.

'However, the ultimate question remains: will the モーターing public ever be 完全に comfortable 運動ing on the 200-加える miles of motorway where the hard shoulder has been 永久的に 除去するd?'

総計費 gantry 調印するs on smart motorways tell 運転者s which 小道／航路s they can and cannot use and what the 速度(を上げる） 限界 is?

Williams went on to say a motorway hard shoulder is?'far safer' than 存在 left 立ち往生させるd in a live 小道／航路 waiting for the 'red X の近くにd 小道／航路' 調印する to be switched on at 総計費 gantries and hoping other drivers to do the 権利 thing and move across to another active 小道／航路.

'We continue to believe that the 政府 should either 変える 存在するing all-小道／航路-running smart motorways to 'dynamic' ones, where the hard shoulder is only opened to traffic during busy periods, or repaint the white line and 再提出する a 永久の hard shoulder on these roads,' the RAC 広報担当者 追加するd.?

'In either 事例／患者, 列-破産した／（警察が）手入れするing 科学（工学）技術, such as variable 速度(を上げる） 限界s, could remain to help 確実にする traffic flows as 滑らかに as possible.'??

All three types of smart motorway use variable 速度(を上げる） 限界s to 答える／応じる to busy periods of traffic, roadworks and 出来事/事件s that have taken place ahead but it is only all 小道／航路 running smart motorways that 永久的に 削除する the hard shoulder