Is this why pugs and bulldogs are still so popular? Humans see flat-直面するd dogs as child-like and can't resist helping them, 熟考する／考慮する finds

  • Flat-直面するd dogs are at 意味ありげに higher 危険 of 厳しい health problems
  • にもかかわらず this, they remain some of the most popular 産む／飼育するs in the UK
  • Scientists say this is 負かす／撃墜する to their child-like 直面するs and personalities?

By Shivali Best For Mailonline

Published: | Updated:

With their squashed little noses and wrinkled 直面するs, pugs and French Bulldogs have become favourites の中で dog lovers and celebrities.

These facial features may look 削減（する）, but they also put these 産む／飼育するs at 意味ありげに higher 危険 of 厳しい health problems, 含むing breathing, 注目する，もくろむ, and 肌 disorders.

にもかかわらず this, flat-直面するd - さもなければ known as brachycephalic - dogs remain some of the most popular 産む／飼育するs in the UK.

Now, scientists believe they've discovered why, and say it's all 負かす／撃墜する to their 幼児-like 直面するs and personalities.

'幼児-like traits may be 現在の not only in 外見 but also in behaviour in brachycephalic 産む／飼育するs, eliciting caring behaviour in owners,' the team from?E?tv?s Lor?nd University explained.?

With their squashed little noses and wrinkled faces, pugs and French Bulldogs have become favourites among dog lovers and celebrities

With their squashed little noses and wrinkled 直面するs, pugs and French Bulld ogs have become favourites の中で dog lovers and celebrities?

An English Bulldog involved in the study
A French Bulldog taking part in the study

The team enlisted 30 flat-直面するd dogs (15 English Bulldogs and 15 French Bulldogs) 同様に as 13 Hungarian Mudis (which have 中央の-length muzzles) for comparison. The dogs were given a 仕事 in which they had to try and open three boxes to retrieve a piece of sausage

Popular flat-直面するd dog 産む／飼育するs 含む French bulldogs, English bulldogs, Boston terriers, pugs, Cavalier King Charles spaniels, shih tzus and boxers.?

Their short-直面するd 'brachycephalic' 特徴 did not 発展させる 自然に, and are instead the result of selective 産む／飼育するing.

They are hugely popular in the UK, with the Kennel Club 報告（する）／憶測ing a 2,747 per cent rise in the number of French bulldogs 登録（する）d since 2004.

For the 熟考する／考慮する, the 研究員s 手配中の，お尋ね者 to explain the いわゆる 'brachycephalic paradox' ? why the 人気 of flat-直面するd dogs 絶えず rises にもかかわらず their 福利事業 problems, high veterinary costs and short lifespan.?

The team enlisted 30 flat-直面するd dogs (15 English Bulldogs and 15 French Bulldogs) 同様に as 13 Hungarian Mudis (which have 中央の-length muzzles) for comparison.?

Pugs are significantly more likely to suffer from breathing, eye, and skin disorders than other breeds, according to vets from the Royal Veterinary College

Pugs are 意味ありげに more likely to を煩う breathing, 注目する，もくろむ, and 肌 disorders than other 産む／飼育するs, によれば vets from the 王室の Veterinary College

Gerard Butler is just one of the famous faces who has shared his life with the breed
Paris Hilton with her pet pug

Gerard Butler (left), Paris Hilton (権利) and YouTuber Zoe Sugg are just a few of the famous fa ces who have 株d their lives with the pugs

Which 条件s are pugs at high 危険 for??

  • 54x more likely to have brachycephalic obstructive 航空路 syndrome
  • 51x more likely to have 狭くする nostrils
  • 13x more likely to have corneal ulceration
  • 11x more likely to have 肌 倍の dermatitis
  • 2.5x more likely to be obese
  • 2x more likely to have overgrown nails
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The dogs were given a 仕事 in which they had to try and open three boxes to retrieve a piece of sausage.?

The boxes had different 開始 機械装置s of 変化させるing difficulties, and the dogs were 現在のd with them in a 無作為の order.?

The dogs watched an experimenter place the sausage in the box, and were then given two minutes to try to open it.?

During this time, both the experimenter and the dog's owner stood behind the dog, out of direct sight.?

The results 明らかにする／漏らすd that the Mudis were much better at the 仕事 than the flat-直面するd 産む／飼育するs, 首尾よく 開始 the box 93 per cent more often, and doing so much more quickly.?

However, the flat-直面するd dogs were almost 4.5 times more likely to look 支援する at the experimenter and the owner than the Mudis.??

This 示唆するs that short-直面するd dogs have a 傾向 to 捜し出す out human 援助 when 直面するd with problems, によれば the 研究員s.?

In turn, this may 促進する a stronger social 関係 between owners and these 産む／飼育するs of dogs 予定 to their perceived helplessness.?

'Humans find it very difficult to cognitively 無視／無効 strong 直感的に predispositions and still choose brachycephalic 産む／飼育するs, 無視（する）ing 未来 health and 福利事業 問題／発行するs,' the team 追加するd.

The 熟考する／考慮する comes すぐに after 研究員s from the RVC?compared the 危険s of 40 ありふれた 条件s in pugs with other dog 産む／飼育するs.

The team analysed the 記録，記録的な／記録するs of 16,218 pugs and 889,326 非，不，無-pug 産む／飼育するs, taken from the VetCompass da tabase.

Their 分析 明らかにする／漏らすd that pugs were at 増加するd 危険 for 23 out of 40 ありふれた disorders.

Pugs were 54 times more likely to have brachycephalic obstructive 航空路 syndrome ? a 条件 影響する／感情ing the upper 航空路 ? and 51 times more likely to have 狭くする nostrils.

The 産む／飼育する was also 13 times more likely to を煩う corneal ulceration, 2.5 times more likely to を煩う obesity, and twice as likely to have overgrown nails.

Dr Dan O'Neill, lead author of the paper and Associate Professor in Companion Animal Epidemiology at the 王室の Veterinary College, said at the time: 'As humans, we 持つ／拘留する the 力／強力にする to 確実にする that every pet dog starts life with good natural health.

'When choosing which dog to own, this means selecting a 産む／飼育する that does not have extreme conformations such as 倍のd 肌 which can lead to a lifetime of painful 肌 感染s.

'It is 決定的な that people make 知らせるd puppy buying choices and 避ける those dogs that are bred for extreme wrinkles ? which are far 除去するd from what's 述べるd in 産む／飼育する 基準s ? and instead 'stop and think', and find a responsible 子孫を作る人, who has their dogs' 福利事業 at heart.'

WHAT ARE THE TEN COMMONLY HELD MYTHS ABOUT DOGS?

It is 平易な to believe that dogs like what we like, but this is not always 厳密に true.?

Here are ten things which people should remember when trying to understand their pets, によれば?Animal behaviour 専門家s Dr Melissa Starling and Dr Paul McGreevy, from the University of Sydney.

1. Dogs don't like to 株?

2. Not all dogs like to be hugged or patted?

3. A barking dog is not always an 積極的な dog?

4. Dogs do not like other dogs entering their 領土/home

5. Dogs like to be active and don't need as much 緩和 time as humans?

6. Not all dogs are 極端に friendly, some are shyer to begin with??

7. A dog that appears friendly can soon become 積極的な?

8. Dogs need open space and new areas to 調査する. Playing in the garden won't always 十分である?

9. いつかs a dog isn't misbehaving, it 簡単に does not understand what to do or what you want?

10. Subtle facial signals often 先買権によって獲得する barking or snapping when a dog is unhappy

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