Why flat-直面するd pugs and bulldogs are still so popular: Owners see snoring and grunting as CUTE rather than a 調印する their dog is sick and struggling for breath, 熟考する／考慮する 警告するs

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Dog 産む／飼育するs such as pugs and bulldogs are known to を煩う a 範囲 of health 問題／発行するs 関係のある to their flat 直面するs, 含むing 厳しい breathing problems.

But people still buy them because they see their 労働d grunts and snores as 削減（する）, rather than a 調印する their dog is sick and struggling for breath, 研究員s?（人命などを）奪う，主張する.?

The 専門家s, based in Budapest, 調査するd more than 1,000 people about their 態度s に向かって flat-直面するd 産む／飼育するs and knowledge of their health problems.?

Those with a 肯定的な 態度 に向かって flat-直面するd dogs were younger and 女性（の） with 'lower levels of education' but higher levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness.

Popular flat-直面するd or 'brachycephalic' dogs 産む／飼育するs 含む French bulldogs, English bulldogs, Boston terriers, pugs, Cavalier King Charles spaniels, shih tzus and boxers.?

Academics 手配中の，お尋ね者 to explain the いわゆる 'brachycephalic paradox' - why the 人気 of flat-直面するd dogs 絶えず rises にもかかわらず their 福利事業 problems, high veterinary costs and short lifespan

Holly Willoughby (left) and Kelly Brook (権利) are just a few of the famous 直面するs who have 株d their lives with flat-直面するd dogs?

At least half of flat-直面するd dogs struggle with breathing difficulties and over 80 per cent of them 要求する C-sections during 配達／演説／出産, the 専門家s say.?

READ MORE: Flat-直面するd dogs are up to 50 TIMES more likely to 苦しむ painful 肌 条件s

Vets are 勧めるing people not to buy pugs, as new 研究 shows flat-直面するd dogs are up to 50 t imes more likely to を煩う 肌 倍の dermatitis - a painful 肌 条件

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Other 問題／発行するs 含む a 欠如（する） of oxygen in the 血 stream 原因（となる）ing 複雑化s of the heart,?ear and 注目する，もくろむ problems,?neurological 問題／発行するs?and?肌 条件s.

David Beckham, Holly Willoughby, Hugh Jackman, Kelly Brook, Paris Hilton, Madonna and Reese Witherspoon are の中で the celebs known to have 株d their lives with flat-直面するd dogs.??

The new 熟考する／考慮する was 行為／行うd by 専門家s at E?tv?s Lor?nd University in Hungary and published in the 定期刊行物?適用するd Animal Behaviour Science.?

'It is not true that 熱中している人s of flat-直面するd 産む／飼育するs are unaware of the dogs' health problems or are insensitive to their emotions,' said 熟考する／考慮する author Eniko Kubinyi.

'On the other 手渡す, it has been 明らかにする／漏らすd that they are 比較して inexperienced dog owners.?

'Thus, it is most likely that they are unaware of the dogs' communication signals, may not やむを得ず recognise 調印するs of 苦痛, and likely consider health problems as normal 産む／飼育する 特徴.?

'For example, a snoring and grunting Bulldog appears 削減（する） to them, rather than sick and struggling for breath.'

Flat-直面するd dogs are becoming 増加するing ly popular, with the Kennel Club 報告（する）／憶測ing a 2,747 per cent rise in the number of French bulldogs 登録（する）d since 2004.

But 予定 to their health 問題／発行するs, flat-直面するd dogs typically live three to four years いっそう少なく than what would be 推定する／予想するd based on their 団体／死体 size.?

For the 熟考する／考慮する, the 研究員s 手配中の，お尋ね者 to explain the いわゆる 'brachycephalic paradox' ? why the 人気 of flat-直面するd dogs 絶えず rises にもかかわらず their 福利事業 problems, high veterinary costs and short lifespan.?

David Beckham, Holly Willoughby, Hugh Jackman, Kelly Brook, Paris Hilton, Madonna and Reese Witherspoon (pictured) are の中で the celebs known to have 株d their lives with flat-直面するd dogs

David Beckham is pictured with his flat-直面するd dog. It's thought there's been a rise in 人気 of English bulldogs, pugs and French bulldogs の中で celebrities and the public?

Hollywoo d actor Hugh Jackman pictured with his beloved French bulldog, Dali (left) and another dog 権利?

Pugs are 意味ありげに more likely to を煩う breathing, 注目する，もくろむ, and 肌 disorders than other 産む／飼育するs, によれば vets from the 王室の Veterinary College

'The 目的（とする） is to understand what features of flat-直面するd dogs 与える／捧げる to their 人気 and what 動機づけるs owners to choose such a 産む／飼育する,' Kubinyi and 同僚s say in the paper.?

The academics 行為／行うd a questionnaire and an online 実験（する） with 1,156 関係者s, the 圧倒的な 大多数 of whom were women (1,020).?

関係者s were 調査するd about their personality traits, empathy levels, education history and any dog 産む／飼育するs they had owned, 同様に as their opinion and knowledge of flat-直面するd dogs.

In the online 実験（する）, the 研究員s 現在のd 25 pairs of photos of different dog 産む／飼育するs looking into the camera (appearing to make 注目する，もくろむ 接触する) and looking away from the camera.?

Flat-直面するd dogs are?better at 設立するing 注目する，もくろむ-接触する with humans, previous 研究 at E?tv?s Lor?nd University has shown.

The team therefore 手配中の，お尋ね者 to see if 関係者s with a?肯定的な 態度 に向かって flat-直面するd dogs?preferred photos of dogs making 注目する，もくろむ 接触する than those looking away.?

設立するing a 関係 between the two would 示す that a preference for 注目する，もくろむ 接触する with dogs would explain the love for flat-直面するd dogs ? however, the team 設立する no such link.?

The 研究員s 現在のd 25 pairs of photos of dogs looking into the camera and looking away, in an online 調査する (flat-直面するd 産む／飼育する 最高の，を越す left)

Flat-直面するd dogs, such as French and English Bulldogs, are 極端に popular にもかかわらず 苦しむing from 厳しい innate 病気s

Results also challenge the theory that flat-直面するd 産む／飼育するs are popular 予定 to their 傾向 to engage in 注目する，もくろむ 接触する with humans

'We 推定する／予想するd that one of the main attractiveness of flat-直面するd dogs lies in their large 注目する，もくろむs and that their owners would be delighted when the dogs look at them,' said Kubinyi.?

READ MORE: Celebrity-driven obsession with flat-直面するs means 産む／飼育する 耐えるs a 'lifetime of 苦しむing'?

Gerard Butler is one of famous 直面する who has 株d his life with a flat-直面するd 産む／飼育する

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'However, we did not find this to be true, at least not from the photographs.'?

全体にわたる, 研究員s 設立する that younger people and women are more likely to have a 肯定的な 態度 to flat-直面するd dogs compared with older people and men.?

ーに関して／ーの点でs of personality traits, agreeable, conscientious and empathic 回答者／被告s also showed a 肯定的な 態度 to?brachycephalism.?

Results also showed that a higher level of education and 'dog-関係のある professional 専門的知識' were linked to a 消極的な 態度 に向かって brachycephalism, as the team had 推定する／予想するd 事前の to the 熟考する／考慮する.?

What's more, 熱中している人s of flat-直面するd dogs are aware of the health 問題／発行するs that the dogs 苦しむ, the team 設立する, and 努力する／競う to 供給する the best for them.

People who choose to 購入（する） a flat-直面するd dog are likely to 'normalise' their health problems, considering them as features of the 産む／飼育する.?

'Normalisation of these problems の中で veterinarians, owners, and 子孫を作る人s may 妨げる the 改良 of the 産む／飼育する’s 井戸／弁護士席-存在 and 減ずる the 見込み of 捜し出すing veterinary 介入, even though the symptoms could often be 減ずるd,' the team say in their paper.?

One other 可能性のある explanation is that people who are aware of the health 問題／発行するs of flat-直面するd dogs are 同情的な and feel the need to care for them.?

Another 可能性 is that the 縮めるing of the 長，率いる creates a resemblance to baby 直面するs, as brachycephalic dogs have large foreheads and big 注目する，もくろむs.?

Pictured, the English or British bulldog.?Vets have 以前 警告するd that the 産む／飼育する is riddled with painful 病気s and deformities, 大部分は 予定 to centuries of inbreeding (とじ込み／提出する photo)

Younger people, women, and parents were more 肯定的な に向かって brachycephalic (flat-直面するd) dogs, the 熟考する／考慮する 設立する?

'People are drawn to these infantile features, which elicit 増加するd attention and a 乗り気 to care for individuals,' they say.?

The new st udy can serve as a basis for 教育の （選挙などの）運動をするs that can help '逆転する the brachycephalic dog 福利事業 危機', によれば the 専門家s.

'In many countries, there are 認識／意識性 （選挙などの）運動をするs about the health 問題／発行するs of flat-直面するd 産む／飼育するs,' said 熟考する／考慮する author?Zs?fia Bogn?r.

'However, the growing 人気 of flat-直面するd dogs 示唆するs that these （選挙などの）運動をするs are not very 効果的な.?

'It is （疑いを）晴らす that 簡単に 名簿（に載せる）／表（にあげる）ing the health problems does not 阻止する people from 購入（する）ing these dogs.?

'Instead, the 強調 should be on 最高潮の場面ing that health 問題／発行するs should not be considered normal or 許容できる 特徴 because they often 原因（となる） 苦痛 and 苦しむing for the dogs.?

'Dog owners need to be made aware that their choices play a 重要な 役割 in 形態／調整ing the health of dog 産む／飼育するs.'