厚かましさ／高級将校連 chainmail worn by the 乗組員 of Henry VIII's favoured 軍艦 the Mary Rose was 'a surprisingly modern alloy', X-ray 分析 shows

  • Mary Rose was the ship 広範囲にわたって believed to be the favourite of King Henry VIII?
  • It was sunk?in the Solent in 1545 during a 戦う／戦い with an 侵略するing French (n)艦隊／(a)素早い??
  • Three 厚かましさ／高級将校連 （犯罪の）一味s were 設立する の中で?the 19,000 artefacts on the Mary?Rose?
  • X-ray 分析 明らかにする／漏らすs they are composed of 73% 巡査 and 27% zinc

By Joe Pinkstone For Mailonline

Published: | Updated:

兵士s on the Mary Rose 軍艦 in the 16th century wore chainmail made of high-質 厚かましさ／高級将校連, it has been 明らかにする／漏らすd.?

分析 of the links discovered the armour was made of a surprisingly modern alloy of 73 per cent 巡査 and 27 per cent zinc.?

The 発覚 comes from an international team of 研究員s who continue to analyse artefacts 設立する on the Mary Rose, Henry VIII's favourite ship.?

The 軍艦 sank during a 戦う／戦い with the French in the Solent, just outside Portsmouth Harbour, on July 19, 1545.

It was fighting with around 500 men on-board, who used around 60-80 guns 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing cannonballs at the enemy (n)艦隊／(a)素早い.?

After centuries 保存するd in the silt at the 底（に届く） of the sea, she was raised in 1982 and a 運ぶ／漁獲高 of almost 20,000 items was 回復するd.?

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Pictured, a cleaned and conserved link. It is one of the three links found on the Mary Rose and was found to be well-preserved. X-ray analysis found it to be made from an alloy of?73 per cent copper and 27 per cent zinc

Pictured, a cleaned and 保存するd link. It is one of the three links 設立する on the Mary Rose and was 設立する to be 井戸／弁護士席-保存するd. X-ray 分析 設立する it to be made from an alloy of?73 per cent 巡査 and 27 per cent zinc

Pictured, the three rings with the appearance of copper. However, they are made of brass.?The Mary Rose sank during a battle with the French in the Solent, just outside Portsmouth Harbour, on July 19, 1545

Pictured, the three （犯罪の）一味s with the 外見 of 巡査. However, they are made of 厚かましさ／高級将校連.?The Mary Rose sank during a 戦う／戦い with the French in the Solent, just outside Portsmouth Harbour, on July 19, 1545

The 発見 of the Tudor rose from the 屈服する of the Mary Rose??

The carved Tudor rose - the earliest English figurehead 代表するing the ship's 指名する - was retrieved from the 底（に届く） of the Solent more than a １０年間 ago as a small piece of 支持を得ようと努めるd.

The 保存するd artefact - which still has its carvings にもかかわらず years of 腐食 while languishing in the silt of the sea - has now been 公式に identified as the flower which was 直す／買収する，八百長をするd to the 屈服する of the Mary Rose.

The rose was 設立する in 2003, after a group of divers working on a 省 of Defence 穴掘り made what would transpire to be a hugely historic 発見.

The divers had been searching the area for the ship's bowcastle and were trying to raise the Tudor ship's 茎・取り除く and 錨，総合司会者 after the 政府 適用するd to 広げる and straighten the channel.

As these pieces were 存在 用意が出来ている for 解除するing, the divers （機の）カム across a carved 木造の artefact, which was about four feet long and 形態／調整d like a lollipop.

自信のない what it was, the 支持を得ようと努めるd was raised and put into a water 戦車／タンク at the Mary Rose Museum where it was kept without 調査.

But, more than a １０年間 on, it has now been 適切に identified as the ship's emblem. Last year, the Mary Rose 信用 asked the University of Portsmouth for help to 高める the carvings to see what was there.

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X-ray 分析 led by scientists at the universities of Warwick and Ghent 明らかにする／漏らすd the structure of three （犯罪の）一味s 設立する on the ship, each around 1cm (0.4inch) in 直径.

It 設立する the （犯罪の）一味s are 井戸／弁護士席 保存するd, にもかかわらず 存在 潜水するd for more than 400 years.?

The small circular 厚かましさ／高級将校連 （犯罪の）一味s are believed to have belonged to either a sheet or chain of armour, 潜在的に worn by a 乗組員 member.?

明言する／公表する-of-the-art X-ray 科学（工学）技術 in Grenoble, called XMaS beamline gave the scientists insight into the 明言する／公表する of the chain links.?

Emeritus Professor 示す Dowsett from the University of Warwick's Department of Physics, who led the 研究, said: 'The results 示す that in Tudor times, 厚かましさ／高級将校連 生産／産物 was 公正に／かなり 井戸／弁護士席 controlled and techniques such as wire 製図／抽選 were 井戸／弁護士席 developed. 厚かましさ／高級将校連 was 輸入するd from Ardennes and also 製造（する）d at Isleworth.?

'I was surprised at the 一貫した zinc content between the wire links and the flat ones. It's やめる a modern alloy composition.'?

The 高度に 極度の慎重さを要する 過程 also discovered traces of 激しい metals, such as gold and lead on the surface. The origin of these metals is 現在／一般に unknown.??

Professor Dowsett says: 'The 激しい metal traces are 利益／興味ing because they don't seem to be part of the alloy but embedded in the surface.?

'One 可能性 is that they were 簡単に 選ぶd up during the 生産／産物 過程 from 道具s used to work lead and gold 同様に.

'Lead, 水銀柱，温度計 and cadmium, however, arrived in the Solent during WW2 from the 激しい 爆破 of Portsmouth Dockyard.?

'Lead and arsenic also （機の）カム into the Solent from rivers like the Itchen over 延長するd historical periods.

' In a Tudor 戦う／戦い, there might be やめる a lot of lead dust produced by the 解雇する／砲火／射撃ing of 軍需品s. Lead balls were used in scatter guns and ピストルs, although 石／投石する was used in canon at that time.'?

After the Mary Rose 大型船 was raised in 1982, the three artefacts were 支配するd to different きれいにする and 自然保護 治療s to find the best way to 妨げる corrosion.

One used distilled water, one benzotriazole (BTA) 解答 and the last method 伴う／関わるd きれいにする before 塗装 with BTA and silicone oil.

The X-ray scanning method 許すd the scientists to 査定する／（税金などを）課す which method was most 効果的な at 保存するing these rare artefacts.?

It 明らかにする／漏らすd all three methods were 効果的な at 突き破るing off corrosion.????

In 2018, 1,200 cannonballs 設立する on the Mary Rose were put on 陳列する，発揮する after 存在 扱う／治療するd.?

Pictured, one of the rings which was conserved and will not corrode, but it was not cleaned. The ring is believed to have formed part of chainmail armour worn by crew members on the Mary Rose - the warship favoured by King Henry VIII

Pictured, one of the （犯罪の）一味s which was 保存するd and will not corrode, but it was not cleaned. The （犯罪の）一味 is believed to have formed part of chainmail armour worn by 乗組員 members on the Mary Rose - the 軍艦 favoured by King Henry VIII

After the Mary Rose vessel was raised in 1982, the three artefacts analysed by high-tech X-rays were subjected to different cleaning and conservation treatments to prevent corrosion. One used distilled water, one benzotriazole (BTA) solution and the last method involved cleaning before coating with BTA and silicone oil

After the Mary Rose 大型船 was raised in 1982, the three artefacts analysed by high-tech X-rays wer e 支配するd to different きれいにする and 自然保護 治療s to 妨げる corrosion. One used distilled water, one benzotriazole (BTA) 解答 and the last method 伴う／関わるd きれいにする before 塗装 with BTA and silicone oil

The Mary Rose (artist's impression) sank in battle with the French, killing more than 500 men. Incredibly, the starboard hull remained intact by being embedded in mud on the seabed, which prevented it from being eroded by tides and bacteria

The Mary Rose (artist's impression) sank in 戦う／戦い with the French, 殺人，大当り more than 500 men. Incredibly, the starboard 船体 remained 損なわれていない by 存在 embedded in mud on the 海底, which 妨げるd it from 存在 eroded by tides and bacteria

The cannonballs, which are the largest assemblage of cast アイロンをかける 発射 from Tudor England, were kept away from public gaze in low 湿度 コンテナs.

研究員s 成し遂げるd a variety of 実験s on the cannonballs to find ways of 除去するing the chlorine from the sea water which had permeated throughout the artefacts.?

If the items were put on 陳列する，発揮する with chlorine still 現在の, it would 反応する with the 空気／公表する and the items would corrode 速く.??

Using a carefully concocted liquid to 抽出する the chlorine, it was 首尾よく 除去するd and the lifespan of all metal artefacts from the Mary Rose 延長するd.??

Professor Dowsett says the chlorine extraction was 高度に 効果的な.?

'分析 shows that basic 対策 to 除去する chlorine followed by 貯蔵 at 減ずるd 気温 and 湿度 form an 効果的な 戦略 even over 30 years,' he explains.??

Professor Mieke Adriaens, 長，率いる of the Electrochemistry and Surface 分析 Group at Ghent University said: 'It is fascinating to 診察する 古代の 科学（工学）技術 using 特に developed analytical methods which can then be 適用するd to modern 構成要素s too.

'It was also a real 特権 to be 許すd 接近 to these unique artefacts and to play a part in unravelling their story.'?

The Mary Rose sank in 戦う／戦い with the French, 殺人，大当り more than 500 men.

Incredibly, the starboard 船体 remained 損なわれていない by 存在 embedded in mud on the 海底, which 妨げるd it from 存在 eroded by tides and bacteria.

The ship went on display in the Mary Rose museum exactly 471 years after it perished in the Solent, just outside Portsmouth Harbour, on July 19, 1545

The ship went on 陳列する，発揮する in the Mary Rose museum 正確に／まさに 471 years after it 死なせる／死ぬd in the Solent, just outside Portsmouth Harbour, on July 19, 1545

Scientists previously used powerful X-rays to help preserve 1,200 cannonballs (pictured) found on Henry VIII's ship, the Mary Rose nearly 500 years after it perished near Portsmouth

Scientists 以前 used powerful X-rays to help 保存する 1,200 cannonballs (pictured) 設立する on Henry VIII's ship, the Mary Rose nearly 500 years after it 死なせる／死ぬd 近づく Portsmouth

Since 存在 raised in 1982 - an event watched by 60 million テレビ視聴者s 世界的な - the 船体 has been kept in 高度に 保護の surroundings.

For １０年間s, the ship was 絶えず coated with millions of litres of finely-sprayed, fresh water at a 気温 of いっそう少なく than 5°C (41°F).?

That 過程, along with a 一連の wax 化学製品s, were used to stop the 支持を得ようと努めるd 乾燥した，日照りのing out and to inhibit bacterial activity.

Then, in 1985, the ship was turned upright and titanium 支え（る）s were 任命する／導入するd to support the 内部の structure and work was undertaken to 除去する as much sediment as possible.

From 1994, active 自然保護 開始するd with the spraying of ポリエチレン Glycol (Peg), a water-soluble polymer which can 侵入する 深い into the 支持を得ようと努めるd and support the 独房 塀で囲むs.

Then, in April 2013, the Peg sprays were turned off and the 船体 was kept in a 明言する／公表する of controlled 空気／公表する-dr ying 段階 100 tonnes of water during the next four to five years.?

Once 乾燥した，日照りのing was 完全にする, the 内部の 塀で囲むs surrounding the 船体 were 除去するd so 訪問者s would be able to see a 完全に unobstructed 見解（をとる） of the 船体 - a 段階 that was seen as the culmination of the 事業／計画（する）.

Small 見解（をとる）ing パネル盤s were 取って代わるd with 床に打ち倒す-to-天井 windows and a balcony entered through an airlock so the ship can be seen in all its glory.?

HOW THE MARY ROSE WAS SALVAGED FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE SOLENT

The 大型船, Henry VIII's 旗艦, was put on 陳列する，発揮する in the Mary Rose museum 正確に／まさに 471 years after it 死なせる／死ぬd in the Solent, just outside Portsmouth Harbour, on July 19, 1545.?

The Mary Rose sank in 戦う／戦い with the French, 殺人，大当り more than 500 men.?

Incredibly, the starboard 船体 remained 損なわれていない by 存在 embedded in mud on the 海底, which 妨げるd it from 存在 eroded by tides and bacteria.?

For １０年間s, it was 絶えず coated with millions of litres of finely-sprayed, fresh water at a 気温 of いっそう少なく than 5°C (41°F). That 過程, along with a 一連の wax 化学製品s, were used to stop the 支持を得ようと努めるd 乾燥した，日照りのing out and to inhibit bacterial activity.

Then, in 1985, the ship was t urned upright and titanium 支え（る）s were 任命する／導入するd to support the 内部の structure and work was undertaken to 除去する as much sediment as possible.

From 1994, active 自然保護 開始するd with the spraying of ポリエチレン Glycol (Peg), a water-soluble polymer which can 侵入する 深い into the 支持を得ようと努めるd and support the 独房 塀で囲むs.?

Then, in April 2013,?the Peg sprays were turned off and the 船体 was kept in a 明言する／公表する of controlled 空気／公表する-乾燥した，日照りのing 段階 100 tonnes of water during the next four to five years.

Once 乾燥した，日照りのing was 完全にする, the 内部の 塀で囲むs surrounding the 船体 were 除去するd so 訪問者s would be able to see a 完全に unobstructed 見解（をとる） of the 船体.

However, the 乾燥した，日照りのing 過程 has 原因（となる）d unwanted movement which they are now 監視するing with special cameras as they try to 支え（る） up the ship using scaffolding.

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