Living 'robofish' is built from human heart 独房s, swims just like a fish and could 可能にする 人工心臓s, scientists say

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A living 'robofish' that's built from human cardiac 独房s and swims just like a fish could 可能にする 人工心臓s, a new 熟考する／考慮する 明らかにする／漏らすs.

Created by 研究員s at Harvard University, the 'biohybrid' recreates muscle 収縮過程s of a pumping human heart to 押し進める its tail fin 味方する to 味方する.

Under half an インチ long, it's made of?plastic fins and a paper spine, but on either 味方する are?two （土地などの）細長い一片s of living heart cardiac muscle 独房s that 成し遂げる these 収縮過程s.?

The 装置, which could be mistaken for a real fish on casual 見解（をとる）ing, was 奮起させるd by the 形態／調整 and swimming 動議 of a zebrafish.?

Aside from its 使用／適用s in the field of ロボット工学, the scientists believe their 創造 示すs a step toward building an 人工心臓.?

Schematics of the autonomously swimming biohybrid fish, which swims by recreating the muscle 収縮過程s of a pumping heart.?Under half an インチ long, it's made of plastic fins and a paper spine, but on either 味方する are two （土地などの）細長い一片s of living heart cardiac muscle 独房s

'Our ultimate goal is to build an 人工心臓 to 取って代わる a malformed heart in a child,' said 熟考する／考慮する author 道具 Parker at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of 工学 and 適用するd Sciences.?

'Most of the work in building heart tissue or hearts, 含むing some work we have done, is 焦点（を合わせる）d on replicating the anatomical features or replicating the simple （警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域ing of the heart in the engineered tissues.?

'But here, we are 製図／抽選 design inspiration from the biophysics of the heart, which is harder to do.?

'Now, rather than using heart imaging as a 詳細な計画, we are identifying the 重要な biophysical 原則s that make the heart work, using them as design 基準, and replicating them in a system, a living, swimming fish, where it is much easier to see if we are successful.'

The team built their biohybrid fish from cardiomyocytes ? the 独房s 責任がある 生成するing contractile 軍隊 in the heart ? derived from human 茎・取り除く 独房s.???

研究員s 述べる it as the first fully 自治権のある biohybrid fish from human 茎・取り除く-独房 derived cardiac muscle 独房s

茎・取り除く 独房s are special human 独房s that have the ability to develop into specialised 独房 types in the 団体／死体, from muscle 独房s to brain 独房s.?

Unlike previous 装置s, the biohybrid fish has two 層s of muscle 独房s, one on each 味方する of the tail fin.?

When one 味方する of muscle 独房s 契約, it 原因（となる）s those on the other 味方する to stretch.?

This stretch 誘発する／引き起こすs a protein which 誘発するs them to 契約,?which 誘発する／引き起こすs another stretch, and so on.?

This 'の近くにd 宙返り飛行 system', which doesn't 要求する human 介入, is able to 推進する the fish for more than 100 days, によれば the 研究員s.??????

Impressively,?as the cardiomyocyte 独房s 円熟したd, the fish's muscle 収縮過程 amplitude, 最大限 swimming 速度(を上げる）, and muscle 調整 all 増加するd for the first month.?

結局, the biohybrid fish reached 速度(を上げる）s and swimming efficacy 類似の to zebrafish in the wild, the team 報告（する）／憶測.??

An 人工心臓 grown from 茎・取り除く 独房s could help people with arrhythmias ? an abnormality of the heart's rhythm that makes it （警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域 too slowly, too quickly or in an さもなければ 不規律な way.?

'By てこ入れ／借入資本ing cardiac mechano-電気の signalling between two 層s of muscle, we recreated the cycle where each 収縮過程 results automatically as a 返答 to the stretching on the opposite 味方する,' said co-author Keel Yong 物陰／風下 at Harvard.?

'The results 最高潮の場面 the 役割 of feedback 機械装置s in muscular pumps such as the heart.'???????

In 未来, the team 目的（とする）s to build even more コンビナート／複合体 biohybrid 装置s from human heart 独房s ? ones that mimic the human heart more closely than ever.?

In the team's （映画の）フィート数, the robotic fish, which is lined with human cardiac 独房s, can be seen swimming without human 介入?

The clever design is able to 推進する the fish for more than 100 days, によれば the 研究員s

'I could build a model heart out of Play-Doh, it doesn't mean I can build a heart,' said Parker.?

'You can grow some 無作為の tumour 独房s in a dish until they curdle into a throbbing lump and call it a cardiac organoid.?

'Neither of those 成果／努力s is going to, by design, recapitulate the physics of a system that （警官の）巡回区域，受持ち区域s over a billion times during your lifetime while 同時に 再構築するing its 独房s on the 飛行機で行く.?

'That is the challenge. That is where we go to work.'????

In 2012, Parker's 病気 Biophysics Group used cardiac muscle 独房s from ネズミs to build a jellyfish-like biohybrid pump.??

Four years later, the 研究員s developed a swimming, 人工的な stingray also from ネズミ heart muscle 独房s.?

This new 熟考する／考慮する, 成し遂げるd?in 共同 with 同僚s from Emory University, has been published in the 定期刊行物 Science.?