破滅的な 危険s of 移行ing to 'green' energy: 採掘 for electric-力/強力にするing minerals has left 23 million people exposed to 有毒な waste, 500,000km of rivers 汚染するd and 16 million acres of 農地 廃虚d

Tens of millions of people?― more than live in the entire 明言する/公表する of Florida?― are now exposed to 有毒な water runoff from metal 採掘, a new 熟考する/考慮する has 設立する.

The 報告(する)/憶測 lays 明らかにする the 破滅的な 衝撃s that can follow a 無謀な 移行 to 'green' energy, 構内/化合物ing the 生態学の 損失 wrought by over 150 years of 演習ing and 採掘 for?化石 燃料s.

The 研究員s 設立する that?23 million people 世界的な, 同様に as 5.72 million in livestock, over 16 million acres of irrigated 農地 and over 297,800 miles 価値(がある) of rivers have been 汚染するd by 採掘's 有毒な byproducts seeping into the water.

This metal 採掘 含むs many?いわゆる 'rare earth elements' 必須の to the 製造(する) of high-tech electronics, solar 独房s, 勝利,勝つd turbines and all the 殴打/砲列s needed to 蓄える/店 維持できる 'green' energy (and 力/強力にする electric cars and iPhones).

While the new 熟考する/考慮する 焦点(を合わせる)s on 環境の 衝撃s, 全世界の metals 採掘 has recently 直面するd shocking 訴訟s against major tech 会社/堅いs, 含むing Apple, Google, Microsoft and Tesla, over?child slavery in the Congo, where 70 パーセント of the 産業's cobalt is sourced.

Researchers found that over 297,800 miles worth of rivers have been contaminated by toxic mining byproducts. Above, a March 27, 2021 aerial view of an area contaminated with toxic waste generated by mining companies that have polluted the Tagarete river in Bolivia

研究員s 設立する that over 297,800 miles 価値(がある) of rivers have been 汚染するd by 有毒な 採掘 byproducts. Above, a March 27, 2021 空中の 見解(をとる) of an area 汚染するd with 有毒な waste 生成するd by 採掘 companies that have 汚染するd the Tagarete river in Bolivia

The scientists found that 23 million people have been exposed to toxic mining waste worldwide. Above, Dan Bender of the La Plata County Sheriff's Office takes a sample from the Animas river in Colorado polluted by about 3 million gallons of waste from the Gold King Mine

The scientists 設立する that 23 million people have been exposed to 有毒な 採掘 waste 世界的な. Above, Dan Bender of the La Plata 郡 郡保安官's Office takes a 見本 from the Animas river in Colorado 汚染するd by about 3 million gallons of waste from the Gold King 地雷

'早い growth in 全世界の metal 採掘 is 決定的な if the world is to make the 移行 to green energy,' 公式文書,認めるd?Chris Thomas, a zoologist at the University of Lincoln whose specialty is in?spatial 生態学 and 脅しs to the 全世界の water 供給(する).

Thomas?led the 分析 and model ling work for the new 熟考する/考慮する, which was published? today in Science.

Thomas and his 同僚s have developed a new database, supported by on-the-ground 実験(する)ing, which now 地図/計画するs the hundreds of square miles' 価値(がある) of rivers and floodplains 汚染するd by these 産業の 過程s across the globe.?

The 荒廃 wrought by this 汚染, they 設立する, was 普及した, 影響する/感情ing だいたい 297,800 miles (479,200 km) of river systems total and over 63,000 square-miles (164,000 sq-km) of floodplains 世界的な.?

But, North America stood out as the most 影響する/感情d, at 123,280 miles of tainted river systems, and だいたい 10.7 million acres of 汚染するd floodplains.?

But the 損失 was not much better in South America with 50,766 miles of rivers and over 9.5 million acres of floodplain 衝撃d; nor in Asia with about?37,842 river-miles and about 8.3 million acres?of floodplain 汚染するd by metal 採掘 waste.

ーに関して/ーの点でs of potency of 地元の 損失, however, the the scientists saved their harshest 批評s for 'the 環境の 遺産/遺物 of historical 採掘,' which they said was?'most problematic in western Europe,'?where long-abandoned old 地雷s have left 継続している 環境の 損失.

'Much of the 概算の 全世界の 汚染 we have mapped is a 遺産/遺物 from the 産業の 時代,' Thomas said in a 圧力(をかける) 声明. 'Rightly, modern 採掘 is 存在 encouraged to prioritize 環境の sustainability.'?

Potentially harmful mining contaminants can seep into the local water supply, whether transported downstream to along river beds and floodplains, or deep into underground aquifers. Chronic copper metal poisoning kills a sheep in North Ronaldsay, Texel, Suffolk

潜在的に harmful 採掘 contaminants can seep into the 地元の water 供給(する), whether 輸送(する)d 石油精製 to along river beds and floodplains, or 深い into 地下組織の aquifers. Chronic 巡査 metal 毒(薬)ing kills a sheep in North Ronaldsay, Texel, Suffolk

The researchers identified 159,735 abandoned mines, marked in blue above, whose environmental impact due to laxer historic regulations contributed 'much of the estimated global contamination,' according to report co-author and spatial ecology expert Chris Thomas

The 研究員s identified 159,735 abandoned 地雷s, 示すd in blue above, whose 環境の 衝撃 予定 to laxer historic 規則s 与える/捧げるd 'much of the 概算の 全世界の 汚染,' によれば 報告(する)/憶測 co-author and spatial 生態学 専門家 Chris Thomas?

The study also modelled the waste from 22,609 active mines, marked in red above, as well as 11,587 mining waste storage facilities and 257 known cases of failed and leaking storage sites (not pictured above): 'the most comprehensive compilation of metal mine locations to date'

The 熟考する/考慮する also modelled the waste from 22,609 active 地雷s, 示すd in red above, 同様に as 11,587 採掘 waste 貯蔵 施設s and 257 known 事例/患者s of failed and 漏れるing 貯蔵 場所/位置s (not pictured above): 'the most 包括的な 編集 of metal 地雷 場所s to date'

The 研究員s developed a model to 予報する the spread of contaminants from all known active and inactive metal 地雷s?― 加える 施設s used to 調印(する) off 危険な 採掘 waste?― with a 焦点(を合わせる) on 汚染 from lead, zinc, 巡査, and arsenic.

These?潜在的に harmful contaminants and 産業の byproducts can seep into the 地元の water 供給(する), whether 輸送(する)d 石油精製 where the metals are?deposited along river beds and floodplains, or さもなければ 沈むs 深い into 地下組織の aquifers.

示す Macklin, director of the university's Lincoln Centre for Water and Planetary Health, who led the?international team behind the new 研究, said he 心配するs the new 熟考する/考慮する's 地図/計画するs and modelling 道具s will help 妨げる 未来 無謀な 採掘.

'We 推定する/予想する that this will make it easier to mitigate the 環境の 影響s of historical and 現在の 採掘,' Macklin said.

'Our new method for 予報するing the dispersal of 地雷 waste in river systems 供給するs 政府s, 環境の regulators, the 採掘 産業 and 地元の communities with a 道具 that, for the first time, will enable them to 査定する/(税金などを)課す the offsite and 石油精製 衝撃s of 採掘 on ecosystem and human health.'

Inactive mines and their pollution outnumbers the mining waste generated by new mines

Inactive 地雷s and their 汚染 より数が多いs the 採掘 waste 生成するd by new 地雷s

All told, the 研究員s identified 159,735 abandoned 地雷s and 22,609 active 地雷s ― 同様に as 11,587 採掘 waste 貯蔵 施設s and 257 known 事例/患者s of failed and 漏れるing 貯蔵 場所/位置s.?

The team 述べるd the new database in their 報告(する)/憶測 as 'the most 包括的な 編集 of metal 地雷 場所s to date.'?

Above a farmer copes with chemical waste on a corn crop in Ahmedabad, India in 2018. Industrial processing of mined metals was another pollution factor included in the study

Above a 農業者 対処するs with 化学製品 waste on a corn 刈る in Ahmedabad, India in 2018. 産業の 過程ing of 地雷d metals was another 汚染 factor 含むd in the 熟考する/考慮する

関心s over just how bad the 生態学の 衝撃 of metal 採掘 for 維持できる 科学(工学)技術 might be is 複雑にするd by the diverse variety of 資源s 伴う/関わるd, which can lead to 'apples to oranges' comparisons.??

によれば the MIT 環境の 解答s 率先, green energy 科学(工学)技術s like 勝利,勝つd turbines and electric cars often do 要求する many more 地雷d minerals than the 現在の 化石 燃料s 組織/基盤/下部構造.?

One electric car, for example, 要求するs six times more metallic and mineral 構成要素s than a 燃焼 engine car, MIT's university team 報告(する)/憶測s.?

And a 勝利,勝つd 力/強力にする 工場/植物 要求するs nine times more of these 地雷d 構内/化合物s than a 伝統的な?gas-解雇する/砲火/射撃d 工場/植物.

But these 激しい 投資s in 初期の 総計費 are dwarfed by the repeated 容積/容量 of 化石 燃料s 現在/一般に 地雷d today to 会合,会う 現在の and growing energy 需要・要求するs.?

As of 2021, over 7.5 billion トンs of coal were 抽出するd from the ground, wreaking havoc on 地元の people and 環境s from Sydney Australia's 王室の 国家の Park, to coal-rich Inner Mongolia in 中国 and more.

This is a whopping 25 times the 現在の 見積(る)s of the metal 採掘 needed for a clean energy 革命 by 2040, によれば 発射/推定s from the Paris-based International Energy 機関 (設立するd during the 1970s oil 危機 by the 経済協力開発機構).

The 移行, によれば the 国際エネルギー機関, will 要求する new 採掘 under 30 million トンs.

Scott Odell, a visiting scientist at MIT's 環境の 解答s 率先 who 専攻するs in clean energy and 採掘, 警告を与えるs however that these 環境の 衝撃s often need to be 査定する/(税金などを)課すd on a more 詳細(に述べる)d, 事例/患者 by 事例/患者 basis.

The 採掘 of any two different metals 要求するs different techniques with different 衝撃s ― as can two separate deposits of the same metal if 位置を示すd in 意味ありげに different 条件s.??

'I think if someone were to tell you one or the other is better ーに関して/ーの点でs of direct 衝撃s 続けざまに猛撃する for 続けざまに猛撃する,' Odell said, 'you should ask a lot of questions about how they got to that answer.'