'Plato is just the start': 古代の Herculaneum scrolls buried during the 爆発 of 開始する Vesuvius could also 明らかにする／漏らす secrets about Socrates, scientist （人命などを）奪う，主張するs

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The Herculaneum Scrolls 含む／封じ込める hugely 重要な philosophical and literary texts from 古代の Greek and Roman scholars, but?were turned to carbonized lumps by the 壊滅的な 爆発 of 開始する Vesuvius in AD 79.?

試みる／企てるs to unroll the scrolls have 損失d or destroyed them, turning the precious coal-like 遺物s to dust.?

Now, scientists are using clever scanning techniques to identify the text written within ? without having to unroll the 壊れやすい 'papyrus' pages.?

The team has already read one of the scrolls to discover how Greek philosopher Plato spent his last evening?2,500 years ago - but say other 抱擁する 発覚s about Socrates could be in 蓄える／店.?

Graziano Ranocchia, a papyrologist from the University of Pisa in Italy, said: 'Plato is just the start'.?

Professor Graziano Ranocchia of the University of Pisa said: 'Thanks to the most 前進するd imaging diagnostic techniques, we are finally able to read and decipher new sections of texts that 以前 seemed inaccessible' (pictured: carbonised papyri from Herculaneum)

Using clever scanning techniques, scientists have read one of the scrolls to discover how Greek philosopher Plato spent his last evening 2,500 years ago. An 専門家 thinks the scrolls will continue to 明らかにする／漏らす more about Plato and his teacher,?Socrates (left)?

READ MORE:?Plato's final hours '明らかにする／漏らすd' by?Herculaneum scrolls

The Herculaneum scrolls are more than 1,800 papyrus (a 構成要素 類似の to 厚い paper) 含む／封じ込めるing Greek philosophical texts

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'What we are about to find out should also be amazing,' he told the Times.?

Together with Pompeii, Torre Annunziata and Stabiae, the Italian town of Herculaneum was destroyed by the Vesuvius 爆発 of AD 79, 殺人，大当り an 概算の 16,000 people altogether.?

One of the buildings buried in the town was a large 郊外住宅, かもしれない belonging to Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesonius, the father-in-法律 of Julius Caesar.

The large library of the 郊外住宅 含む／封じ込めるd more than 1,800 papyrus scrolls that had been turned to 炭素 in the 爆発.

In the 1750s, 穴掘りs began on the 郊外住宅 and a number of scrolls were destroyed or thrown away in the belief that they were lumps of charcoal.

Unfortunately, hundreds more were destroyed during 試みる／企てるs to unroll the scrolls, which are now held at the 国家の Library in Naples.?

In 1756, Abbot Piagio, conserver of 古代の manuscripts in the Vatican Library, invented a machine that could unroll a 選び出す／独身 manuscript in four years.?

The text was quickly copied 負かす／撃墜する as it would soon 悪化する once exposed to 空気／公表する.

Hundreds of the scrolls - scorched in the 爆発 of 開始する Vesuvius - were destroyed during 早期に 試みる／企てるs to unroll them

Abbot Piaggio's machine was used to unroll scrolls as 早期に as 1756 in the Vatican Library - but it 'destroyed a lot of the work'

地図／計画する shows Herculaneum and other cities 影響する／感情d by the 爆発 of 開始する Vesuvius in AD 79. The 黒人／ボイコット cloud 代表するs the general 配当 of ash and cinder

READ MORE:?専門家 （人命などを）奪う，主張するs he's 設立する Plato's 墓／厳粛／彫る／重大な after using AI to decipher Herculaneum scrolls

The 分析 showed Plato was buried in 'The 学院,' a famous school 設立するd by the philosopher in 387 BC

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'Piaggio was a 革命の but his machine also destroyed a lot of the work since he had to 除去する the first 0.5cm-1cm of the papyrus before he could start unrolling,' Ranocchia said.?

Modern 試みる／企てるs have 焦点（を合わせる）d on 数字表示式の methods to read the texts without 肉体的に unrolling the papyri to 妨げる 損失.?

Known as '事実上の unrolling', such 試みる／企てるs 一般的に use X-rays and other light sources to ざっと目を通す the 反対するs and 明らかにする／漏らす 以前 unknown text.?

Professor Ranocchia and 同僚s say they've used a technique called shortwave infrared hyperspectral imaging, which 選ぶs up variations in the way light bounces off the 黒人／ボイコット 署名／調印する on the papyrus.?

A newly discovered passage from one of the scrolls using this technique has 明らかにする／漏らすd that Plato?spent his last night 爆破ing a slave girl's '欠如（する） of rhythm'?as she played the flute.?

The philosopher, who was 苦しむing from a fever, had been listening to music and welcoming guests before he died at the age of 80 or 81 in around 348BC.?

The scroll also helped to 確認する that Plato was buried at the 学院 of Athens, which he 設立するd, but 追加するs the 詳細（に述べる） that the 古代の thinker's 残り／休憩（する）ing place was in a 指定するd garden within the university grounds.?

The professor said that the work's 十分な 衝撃 would only become （疑いを）晴らす in the years to come (pictured: newly legible text on a scroll from Herculaneum)

The Italian town of Herculaneum was destroyed ? together with Pompeii, Torre Annunziata and Stabiae ? by the Vesuvius 爆発 of AD 79. Pictured,?Herculaneum 廃虚s

一方／合間, a scroll about doctors in southern Italy in the 5th century BC was translated in 1906 ? but Ranocchia and 同僚s are able to read 10 times as much, he said.?

New words could also shed light on a 決定的な moment in 医療の history when Greek 医療の writer Alcmaeon was making 早期に 熟考する／考慮するs of the brain.?

And a history of the Stoics (a Greek school of thought?支持するing virtuousness to 達成する happiness) now 明らかにする／漏らすs 'an extra three to four words for every ten to 13 lines' ??enough to 再建する whole 宣告，判決s.

The team is working with unrolled fragments, rather than the 400 to 500 scrolls not yet unrolled, which could be left untouched for many years until 科学（工学）技術 is developed that can ざっと目を通す 署名／調印する 権利 at their very centres.?

Another team has been using 人工的な 知能 (AI)?to work out what's written on the scrolls.?

The 勝利者s of a contest called the Vesuvius Challenge trained their machine-learning algorithms on ざっと目を通すs of the rolled-up papyrus.??

How Pompeii and Herculaneum were wiped off the 地図／計画する by 破滅的な 爆発 of 開始する Vesuvius 2,000 years ago

What happened???

開始する Vesuvius 爆発するd in the year AD 79, burying the cities of Pompeii, Oplontis, and Stabiae under ashes and 激しく揺する fragments, and the city of Herculaneum under a mudflow.??

開始する Vesuvius, on the west coast of Italy, is the only active 火山 in 大陸の Europe and is thought to be one of the most dangerous 火山s in the world.??

Every 選び出す／独身 居住（者） died 即時に when the southern Italian town was 攻撃する，衝突する by a 500°C pyroclastic hot 殺到する.

Pyroclastic flows are a dense collection of hot gas and 火山の 構成要素s that flow 負かす／撃墜する the 味方する of an 爆発するing 火山 at high 速度(を上げる）.

They are more dangerous than 溶岩 because they travel faster, at 速度(を上げる）s of around 450mph (700 km/h), and at 気温s of 1,000°C.

An 行政官／管理者 and poet called Pliny the younger watched the 災害 広げる from a distance.?

Letters 述べるing what he saw were 設立する in the 16th century.??

His 令状ing 示唆するs that the 爆発 caught the 居住（者）s of Pompeii unaware.

開始する Vesuvius 爆発するd in the year AD 79, burying the cities of Pompeii, Oplontis, and Stabiae under ashes and 激しく揺する fragments, and the city of Herculaneum under a mudflow

He said that a column of smoke 'like an umbrella pine' rose from the 火山 and made the towns around it as 黒人／ボイコット as night.

People ran for their lives with たいまつs, 叫び声をあげるing and some wept as rain of ash and pumice fell for several hours.??

While the 爆発 lasted for around 24 hours, the first pyroclastic 殺到するs began at midnight, 原因（となる）ing the 火山's column to 崩壊（する）.

An 雪崩／（抗議などの）殺到 of hot ash, 激しく揺する and poisonous gas 急ぐd 負かす／撃墜する the 味方する of the 火山 at 124mph (199kph), burying 犠牲者s and 残余s of everyday life.??

Hundreds of 難民s 避難所ing in the 丸天井d arcades at the seaside in Herculaneum, clutching their 宝石類 and money, were killed 即時に.

The Orto dei fuggiaschi (The garden of the 逃亡者／はかないものs) shows the 13 団体／死体s of 犠牲者s who were buried by the ashes as they 試みる／企てるd to 逃げる Pompeii during the 79 AD 爆発 of the Vesuvius 火山

As people fled Pompeii or hid in their homes, their 団体／死体s were covered by 一面に覆う／毛布s of the 殺到する.

While Pliny did not 見積（る） how many people died, the event was said to be 'exceptional' and the number of deaths is thought to 越える 10,000.

What have they 設立する?

This event ended the life of the cities but at the same time 保存するd them until rediscovery by archaeologists nearly 1700 years later.

The 穴掘り of Pompeii, the 産業の 中心 of the 地域 and Herculaneum, a small beach 訴える手段／行楽地, has given unparalleled insight into Roman life.

Archaeologists are continually 暴露するing more from the ash-covered city.

In May archaeologist s 暴露するd an alleyway of grand houses, with balconies left mostly 損なわれていない and still in their 初めの hues.

A plaster cast of a dog, from the House of Orpheus, Pompeii, AD 79.?Around 30,000 people are believed to have died in the 大混乱, with 団体／死体s still 存在 discovered to this day

Some of the balconies even had amphorae - the conical-形態／調整d terra cotta vases that were used to 持つ／拘留する ワイン and oil in 古代の Roman times.

The 発見 has been あられ／賞賛するd as a '完全にする novelty' - and the Italian Culture 省 hopes they can be 回復するd and opened to the public.

Upper 蓄える／店s have seldom been 設立する の中で the 廃虚s of the 古代の town, which was destroyed by an 爆発 of Vesuvius 火山 and buried under up to six メーターs of ash and 火山の がれき.

Around 30,000 people are believed to have died in the 大混乱, with 団体／死体s still 存在 discovered to this day.?