Is there life on 火星? Sponges and microbes could be living beneath the surface of the red 惑星 in oxygen rich salt water, 熟考する／考慮する （人命などを）奪う，主張するs
- Salty subterranean lakes on the red 惑星 are 有能な of producing oxygen?
- 専門家s believe these places could be all over the red 惑星
- The 熟考する／考慮する follows the 目印 発見 of an 地下組織の lake of liquid water
- This first 支えるd the 可能性 of it 存在 home to extra-terrestrial life?
Sponges and microbes could be living beneath the surface of 火星, によれば the 最新の 研究.
Salty subterranean lakes on the red 惑星 are 有能な of producing enough oxygen to support 細胞の lifeforms and even simple animals, scientists say.
専門家s believe these 団体／死体s of brine could be buried all over the red 惑星, その上の 支えるing the 可能性 of it 存在 home to extra-terrestrial life.
The 熟考する／考慮する follows the 目印 発見 of an 地下組織の lake of liquid water on 火星' icy south 政治家.
研究員s now believe that the polar 地域s are host to the most oxygenated areas of salt water on the 惑星.?
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Sponges and microbes could be living beneath the surface of 火星 in oxygen-rich salt water, によれば new 研究. The 熟考する／考慮する follows the 目印 発見 of an 地下組織の lake of liquid water on 火星 (pictured)
Life on Earth began when algae 発展させるd 光合成 - the 過程 of turning sunlight into energy - and started exhaling oxygen as waste.?
On 火星, however, oxygen is 不十分な and only trace 量s are produced by the light-induced 決裂／故障 of 炭酸ガス.
It was 以前 thought that molecular oxygen would not be 有能な of supporting life on the red 惑星.
Now a computer model has shown this does not 適用する to the briny 地下組織の lakes on the red 惑星 which are composed of salt and water, によれば scientists from California 学校／設ける of 科学（工学）技術.
Lead author Dr Vlada Stamenkovic said such 環境s are 特に ありふれた 近づく the 政治家s of 火星.
冷淡な water 含む／封じ込めるs more oxygen because the 分子s are more tightly packed. This makes it harder for them to escape.
Dr Stamenkovic said places 'with 十分な oxygen 利用できる for aerobic microbes to breathe' may be all over the red 惑星.
He 追加するd: 'Moreover, about 6.5 per cent of the total Martian surface area could support far higher 解散させるd oxygen 集中s, enabling aerobic oases 十分な to 支える the respiration 需要・要求するs of more コンビナート／複合体 multicellular organisms such as sponges.'?
研究員s calculated how much oxygen could be 解散させるd in the martian lakes under さまざまな 圧力 and 気温 条件s. This image shows the surface of 火星 (在庫／株)
Salty subterranean lakes on the red 惑星 are 有能な of producing enough oxygen to support microbes - and even simple animals, say scientists. Pictured is a lake 暴露するd by レーダ readings earlier this year
The sea sponge is one of the most 原始の of all multi 細胞の animals and there are 10,000 different 種類, most of which live in sea-water.
Its arrival on Earth around 640 million years ago is believed to have kick-started life.?
They 料金d by filtering water and can even 再生する sexually through males 解放（する）ing sperm that is carried by the 現在の and 選ぶd up by 女性（の）s.
研究員s calculated how much oxygen could be 解散させるd in the martian lakes under さまざまな 圧力 and 気温 条件s.
Dr Stamenkovic said: '予定 to the scarcity of oxygen in the modern martian atmosphere, 火星 has been assumed to be incapable of producing 環境s with 十分に large 集中s to support aerobic respiration.
'Here, we 現在の a thermodynamic 枠組み for the solubility of oxygen in brines under martian 近づく-surface 条件s.'??
解散させるd salts of magnesium, calcium and ナトリウム keep liquid fluid - even below 氷点の point.
They are known to be 現在の in martian 激しく揺するs and are believed to 持続する the briny miniature sea at the South 政治家.?
Dr Stamenkovic said little attention has been given to the 役割 of oxygen on 火星 予定 to its scarcity.
However, geochemical 証拠 from martian meteorites 示唆する it once had large 量s thanks to its warm atmosphere and liquid oceans which played a 役割 in the 天候ing of its crust.??
Dr Stamenkovic said: 'Thus, in 原則, 火星 could 申し込む／申し出 a wide 範囲 of 近づく-surface 環境s with enough 解散させるd oxygen for aerobic respiration like that seen in diverse groups of terrestrial microorganisms.'?
The 最新の 熟考する／考慮する, published in Nature Geoscience, follows the 最近の 発見 of a wide lake at the southern ice cap.
The 貯蔵所, which （期間が）わたるs 12 miles (20km) and is buried a mile (1.6km) 地下組織の, was 暴露するd by scientists using レーダ to 調査（する） the 惑星's icy south 政治家
The 貯蔵所, which （期間が）わたるs 12 miles (20km) and is buried a mile (1.6km) 地下組織の, was 暴露するd by scientists using レーダ to 調査（する） the 惑星's icy south 政治家.
にもかかわらず the triangle-形態／調整d lake sitting at a hyper-冷静な／正味のd -68°C (-90°F), scientists believe the water is kept in liquid form as a 'sludge-like' salty brine.
The 発見 is the first proof of a liquid water on 火星 that still 存在するs today ? an 環境 scientists say is ideal for the growth of microbial life.
専門家s said the '素晴らしい' find, which is around the size of lake Windermere, could 供給する the first 証拠 of life outside of Earth, and will serve as a 重要な 的 for 未来 使節団s to the red 惑星, 同様に as 潜在的に 供給するing a 重要な 資源 for 未来 human 解決／入植地s.
The presence of the 地下組織の lake was discovered by scientists at the Italian 国家の 学校／設ける for Astrophysics (INAF), in Rome.
に引き続いて the 発見, Warwick Holmes, an 航空宇宙学 engineer at the University of Sydney, said?未来 宇宙船 使節団s to 火星 will be working 'very hard' to design methods to 見本 liquid from the newly discovered lake.
As it stands, 現在の 世代 科学（工学）技術s do not 許す for 演習s to 侵入する 深い enough to reach the liquid water in the lake.
にもかかわらず this, Mr Holmes remained 慎重に 楽観的な.
'This is 現在／一般に our best, albeit わずかな／ほっそりした chance of discovering life どこかよそで in our solar system,' he said.?
Scientists believe 火星 持つ／拘留するs large 容積／容量s of water but much of it is 蓄える／店d in ice or in brine patches
How important is the presence of liquid water?
It is now 広範囲にわたって believed that 火星 持つ／拘留するs a r easonably large 容積／容量 of water.
However, the surface of the 惑星 is so 冷淡な, this water 存在するs only as ice.
In order for life to 存在する on a 惑星, many scientists believe it is 必須の for the world to 所有する liquid water.
Ever since 科学（工学）技術 has enabled mankind to gaze at 火星 in 詳細（に述べる）, humans have been looking for 指示，表示する物s that there was water on the red 惑星.
Did water used to flow on the surface of 火星??
The 水夫 9 使節団 明らかにする／漏らすd 手がかり（を与える）s of water 腐食 in river beds and canyons, 同様に as 証拠 of 天候 前線s and 霧s on 火星 in 1971.
Later 使節団s from the Viking orbiters, which first 開始する，打ち上げるd in 1975, 明らかにする／漏らすd yet more 詳細（に述べる）s about how water flowed on the surface and carved valleys.
Several 熟考する／考慮するs 調査／捜査するd the presence of liquid water for １０年間s. In 2000, the first proof of liquid water on 火星 was discovered.
It was （人命などを）奪う，主張するd the gullies seen on the surface of the 惑星 had to have been formed by flowing water.
Scientists 特記する／引用するd the 破片 and mud deposits left behind as 証拠 for moving water 存在するing at some point in the history of the red 惑星.
However, the 形式 of these gullies has been hotly 審議d throughout the 続いて起こるing years.
Proof of ice in 地質学の 見本s from 火星
Spirit and 適切な時期, the twin rovers, 設立する 証拠 of the presence of water enclosed in 激しく揺する in 2007, when one of Spirit's wheels broke and gorged a piece of 石／投石する.
分析 of the silica-rich 層 discovered in the scratch 示唆するd it formed in the presence of liquid water.
In 2008, the 不死鳥／絶品 lander was 集会 地質学の 見本s, and they disappeared after a few days.
Scientists thought these were pieces of ice. This 査定／評価 was 確認するd when the lander later （悪事，秘密などを）発見するd water vapour in a 見本.?
In 2012, Curiosity was meandering over an 古代の martian 海底 when it?診察するd a number of 激しく揺するs that were exposed to liquid water billions of years ago.
In 2012, Curiosity (pictured) was meandering over an 古代の martian 海底 when it 診察するd a number of 激しく揺するs that were exposed to liquid water billions of years ago
Recurring slope lineae and 審議 原因（となる）s it
Features known as recurring slope lineae (RSL) were first identified in 2011.
These dark streaks 居住させる the areas of 火星 with a sharp incline.
研究員s 推測するd that these may h ave been 原因（となる）d by the intermittent flow of liquid water 負かす／撃墜する 法外な banks on the 惑星.
In June 2013, Curiosity 設立する powerful 証拠 that water good enough to drink once flowed on 火星.?In September of the same year, the first scoop of 国／地域 analysed by Curiosity 明らかにする／漏らすd that 罰金 構成要素s on the surface of the 惑星 含む／封じ込める two per cent water by 負わせる.?
In 2015, Nasa （人命などを）奪う，主張するd to have discovered the first 証拠 of liquid water on 火星 in the 現在の day.
The space 機関 said that its?火星 偵察 Orbiter (MRO) 供給するd the strongest 証拠 yet that liquid water flows 断続的に on 現在の-day 火星.?
In 2017, Nasa 問題／発行するd another 声明 rebuking its 初期の findings.
Features known as recurring slope line ae (RSL) were first identified in 2011 (pictured). These dark streaks 居住させる the areas of 火星 with a sharp incline. 研究員s 推測するd that these may have been 原因（となる）d by the intermittent flow of liquid water
It said the dark features that run 負かす／撃墜する 法外な inclines on the red 惑星 were 現実に granular flows, where 穀物s of sand and dust slip downhill to make dark streaks, rather than the ground 存在 darkened by seeping water.
Images from the MRO 明らかにする／漏らすd the streaks?only 存在する on slopes 法外な enough for 乾燥した，日照りの 穀物s to descend the way they do on 直面するs of active dunes.
Also in 2017, scientists 供給するd the best 見積（る）s for water on 火星, （人命などを）奪う，主張するing it once had more liquid H2O than the 北極の Ocean - and the 惑星 kept these oceans for more than 1.5 billion years.
The findings 示唆する there was ample time and water for life on 火星 to 栄える, but over the last 3.7 billion years the red 惑星 has lost 87 per cent of its water - leaving the surface barren and 乾燥した，日照りの.?
A subterranean lake
In a 熟考する／考慮する published in the 定期刊行物 Science, ESO 研究員s have now discovered the first 固める／コンクリート 証拠 for liquid water on 火星.
Using レーダ imagery from the 火星 表明する 調査（する）, the ESO team have 設立する a 12-mile long 地下組織の lake filled with liquid water.????
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